L’impact du leadership participatif sur la réduction de l’incertitude et la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques des conseillers de Pôle Emploi

This study examines the extent to which the impact of participative leadership on emotions and on the satisfaction of psychological needs is mediated by a reduction in uncertainty among its collaborators. Among counsellors at Pôle Emploi, 108 were questioned on their perceptions of leadership, their uncertainties (i.e. role ambiguity, need for closure) and on indicators of psychological functioning at work (i.e. emotions and satisfaction/frustration of needs). The results reveal that only participative leadership is positively associated with our indicators of good psychological functioning and that this relationship is mediated by the ability of this type of leadership to regulate the uncertainty usually associated with organizational change. These results are discussed in relation to recent approaches to leadership in times of uncertainty.     

Leadership transformationnel du superviseur et solitude professionnelle des employés

Based on the multifactor leadership theory (Bass, 1985), the study aims at testing the relationship between dimensions of transformational leadership (charisma, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, contingent reward, management-by-exception, laisser-faire) and employees’ loneliness. Participants were 288 adults employed across several organizations. A path analysis with structural equation modeling was performed to test the relationship between dimensions of leadership and loneliness. All relationships were significant except between charisma and loneliness. The results tend to shed light on the importance of transformational leadership in explaining loneliness at work.     

Utilisation des compétences des immigrants sur le marché du travail au Canada: Répercussions de la recherche sur le capital humain

La signification quantitative de la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées peut être évaluée, quoique sans précision, dans l'analyse humain-capitale de revenus. Les déficits de revenus des immigrés peuvent surgir de: (a) la qualité immigrée inférieure de compétence, (b) sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées, et (c) injustices de salaire pour des immigrés faisant la même chose fonctionnent les Canadiens indigènesoutenus. Conformé aux nombreuses études, données des micro-données 1996 de recensement prouvent que la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées est significative, cependant moins ainsi que le salaire inégal dans des métiers. En 1996 dollars, tout le déficit immigré annuel de revenus de chacune des trois sources était 15,0 milliards, dont15,0 milliards, dont 2,4 milliards ont été liés à la sous-utilisation de compétence, et 12,6 milliards ont été liés à l￠injustice de salaire. La discussion considère des ajustements à ces évaluations, tenant compte des difficultés mesurant les niveaux de compétence des métiers et de la qualité immigrée de compétence. < /div > < div class=Äbstract» < a name=Äbs2» < /a > The quantitative significance of the underutilization of immigrant skills may be assessed, albeit imprecisely, in human-capital earnings analysis. Earnings deficits of immigrants may arise from: (a) lower immigrant skill quality, (b) underutilization of immigrant skills, and (c) pay inequities for immigrants doing the same work native-born Canadians. Consistent with numerous studies, data from the 1996 census micro-data show that underutilization of immigrant skills is significant, though less so than unequal pay within occupations. In 1996 dollars, the total annual immigrant earnings deficit from all three sources was12,6 milliards ont été liés à l'injustice de salaire. La discussion considère des ajustements à ces évaluations, tenant compte des difficultés mesurant les niveaux de compétence des métiers et de la qualité immigrée de compétence.     

Effets du bilinguisme précoce sur la flexibilité représentationnelle et procédurale dans le dessin du bonhomme

The present research aims to evaluate representational and procedural flexibility by comparing the performances of simultaneous bilingual children French-Arabic (n = 28), successive bilingual children Tamil-French (n = 21) and French monolinguals (n = 24) at 5 years old and at 8 years old educated, in public school, in a disadvantaged neighborhood. The paradigm of the man that does not exist (Karmiloff-Smith, 1990) has been proposed to measure the ability to introduce graphic innovation into a familiar production and drawing a man by starting with the foot (Baldy, 2010) was used to evaluate the ability to make an usual pattern in an unusual way. The results show that bilingual children as young as 5 years old produce significantly more inter-categorical innovations than their monolingual peers while in monolingual children this capacity doesn’t appear until 8 years old. In procedural representations, the results are more nuanced. The underlying mechanisms that explain the best performance of bilingual children are discussed.     

Une étude sur le rôle modérateur des traits de personnalité sur la relation entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail et la détresse psychologique

This study is about psychological distress lived by Canadian workers. Only a few studies considered personal traits in the comprehension of this phenomenon. This study aims to determine the moderator role of self-esteem, the sense of control and the sense of cohesion on the relation between the work organization conditions and psychological distress. Some longitudinal data (n=7338 workers) coming from five cycles (1994-2003) of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) have been used to complete some multilevel analysis (n1=time and n2=individual). The results indicate that the sense of control and the sense of cohesion play a moderator role on the relation between some of the work organization conditions and the level of psychological distress.     

Effet du télétravail sur la santé psychologique et la performance des travailleurs durant la pandémie de la Covid-19

The aim of this study was to examine how the widespread use of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic may have created a specific work context influencing employees’ psychological health and performance. Results of analyses conducted on a sample of 3771 Canadian teleworkers revealed that telework created additional demands such as task interdependence and professional isolation. These demands had negative effects on telework performance by increasing the frequency of perceived stress. However, the presence of resources such as organizational support appeared to play a buffering role in moderating the direct effect of professional isolation on telecommuting performance.     

Effets du soutien organisationnel perçu et des caractéristiques de l’emploi sur l’anxiété au travail et l’épuisement professionnel : le rôle médiateur de la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques

Based on organizational support theory, job characteristics model, and self-determination theory, we examined the mechanisms that underlie the relations between organizational factors and ill-being. Specifically, the main purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the mediating role of the psychological needs for autonomy (i.e., the need for individuals to feel volitional and responsible for their own behavior), competence (i.e., the need for individuals to interact effectively with their environment), and relatedness (i.e., the need for individuals to feel connected and accepted by others), in the relationships of perceived organizational support (i.e., the degree to which employees believe that their organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being) and three motivational job characteristics (i.e., task identity, task significance, and work scheduling autonomy) to job anxiety and burnout. This is the first research, to the best of our knowledge, to test for the joint effects of perceived organizational support and motivational job characteristics on job anxiety and burnout through psychological need satisfaction. Four hundred and fifty-seven employees (216 men and 241 women) from different sectors (i.e., industry, trade, crafts) took part in the study. Fifty-seven participants worked in companies with less than 10 employees, 105 in companies with 11–49 employees, 138 in companies with 50–249 employees, 33 in companies with 250–499 employees, and 124 in companies with more than 500 employees. The hypothesized model was tested with structural equation modeling analyses. Results provided support for our hypotheses and revealed that all hypothesized paths were significant. Specifically, our results showed that perceived organizational support and job characteristics were positively related to psychological need satisfaction. In addition, satisfaction of these psychological needs was negatively associated with job anxiety and burnout. Therefore, feelings of autonomy, competence, and relatedness play a central role in the development or reduction of well- and ill-being at work. These results are consistent with previous research in the work context, which has shown that social factors (e.g., autonomy-supportive behaviors) have significant effects on workplace mental health through their influence on psychological need satisfaction. Practical and research implications as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Les effets des activités auto-descriptives sur la clarté du concept de soi : le rôle modérateur des variables sociodémographiques

This research questions the possibility of inducing the development of self-concept clarity (SCC), through a self-describing activity. A test-retest device comprises three groups: neutral (no intermediate activity), control (logical-cognitive activity), experimental (self-describing activity). The results indicate that the self-describing activity generates the largest effect, but become significantly stronger when individuals start with a low CCS, which is often the when belonging to less values socio-demographic categories. We reinterpet these process in terms of “remediation” et we explore possibilities to measure and develop professional orientation practices for this purpose.     

Republication : Impact de la pandémie COVID-19 sur le sommeil du personnel soignant

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the sleep quality of healthcare workers.With differences depending on the questionnaire used, the professional's specialty, and the country studied, about half of caregivers developed sleep disorders during this health crisis.Sleep disorders were associated primarily by symptoms of insomnia, poor sleep quality, reduced total sleep time, and frequent nightmares.Sleep alterations affected both frontline and backline caregivers during the COVID pandemic.Healthcare workers’ sleep studies confirm the importance of spreading the recommendations published by sleep experts.     

Usage des technologies numériques et modèles de la perméabilité des frontières entre la vie personnelle et la vie professionnelle

This study examines the determinants of porous borders personal and professional borders related to the use of information and communication technology (ICT). A mixed methodology that combines both a qualitative approach based on an exploratory interviews and a quantitative phase based on an online survey was followed to collect the data. The main findings of this study are: first, the permeability of personal (average score: 3.56) and professional (average score: 3.67) boundaries is experienced by most individuals. Second, the permeability is accelerated by the ICT use (70.9 % of respondents use the Internet at home for business purposes, 63.5 % use it at work for personal needs). Third, individuals manage differently this permeability by developing strategies based on their ICT use. These strategies go beyond the continuum “segmentation-integration”. There are four models: segmentation, spillover, integration and hybridization.     

Pour la suppression pure et simple du régime des accidents du travail

«quo On disait autrefois, en Angleterre, que le Droit est un âne. S'agissant de l'indemnisation du dommage corporel, la France a fait beaucoup mieux : notre droit est franchement imbécile. Il s'agit maintenant de se donner les moyens de se sortir de cette situation : cela est tout à fait à notre portée ». C'est sur ces mots que s'achève le percutant rapport du docteur Louis Mélennec Pour une loi unique d'indemnisation du handicap et du dommage corporel, et pour l'abolition des systèmes actuels (responsabilité civile, accidents du travail, pensions d'invalidité dont Médecine & Droit publie ici quelques bonnes pages. L'auteur y analyse et dénonce avec force les incohérences du système français d'indemnisation du handicap et du dommage corporel et préconise la reconstruction d'un système unitaire harmonieux et cohérent. « Ce rapport, d'une inexorable sévérité, étayée par l'analyse intellectuelle et l'expérience personnelle de l'auteur, devrait-il obliger aussi bien les pouvoirs publics² que les spécialistes du droit social et les juristes du dommage corporel à une réflexion sans concession sur toutes les incohérences ainsi stigmatisées åquo.     

Contribution du modèle du comportement planifié à la prédiction de l’entrée en formation professionnelle

The research analysis various factors of the commitment in professional training by a model inspired of the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985). A sample of 127 adults having to start a professional training cycle has answered questionnaires relating to the selected model, sociobiographic, attitudinal and contextual variables. Moreover, effective behavior (entry/non-entry in the session) was taken into account. On the whole of the sample, 60,6% actually integrated the forcasted training course . The major results show that the model of the planned behavior is relevant insofar as the intensity of the intention predicts the behavior of integration. Various dimensions of the model act in differentiated ways: some of them explain the intention of entry in training course and others explain the effective behavior.     

Bien-être,satisfaction au travail et conflit travail–famille : une perspective centrée sur l’influence du leadership

This research investigates the relationship between well-being, work satisfaction, work–family conflict and leadership, based on hierarchical status. Regression analysis confirmed that leadership can predict a significant part of work satisfaction and well-being variation. The most significant results suggest that transformational leadership is related with higher satisfaction and laissez-faire leadership with lower satisfaction. Results showed no significant contribution of leadership on work–family conflict score variation. These results provide evidence that management styles should be considered to increase well-being and employees satisfaction.     

Impact de la pandémie liée au COVID-19 sur la pratique des jeux vidéo selon la personnalité et le type de passion dans une population adulte

IntroductionThe pandemic linked to Covid-19 has changed the daily habits of the population. In this context, some activities have been favored, sometimes even encouraged, such as the use of video games.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on video game use taking into account the type of passion and personality.MethodA mixed methodology was used. In addition to the amount of gaming use, the Big Five Inventory was used to assess personality and the Passion Scale to distinguish the type of passion according to the dualistic model. A semi-structured interview made assessed the impact of confinements on gaming use and the gamer's feelings during this period. Among the 137 gamers (mean age 30.26) who completed the self-questionnaires, 10 participated in the semi-structured interview.ResultsWhatever the type of passion, gaming use increased during the lockdown period (in frequency and time). A negative relationship was found between Openness and gaming use during the week before and during the pandemic, as well as with obsessive passion. Qualitative data showed that gaming use emerged as an occupational activity, source of pleasure, escape from negative emotions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and social support.ConclusionThe use of video games was mentioned by participants as an effective strategy to deal with the difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.