共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
时间认知的脑机制研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
从神经心理学和脑成像2个领域综述了有关时间认知脑机制的研究。神经心理学及脑损伤的研究结果表明小脑可能与内部时钟功能有关,前额叶可能调节时间认知中的注意过程。PET和fMRI脑成象研究结果显示,基底神经节、小脑和前额叶在所有的计时作业中都被激活。ERP的研究结果还证实,时间信息加工和非时间信息加工存在时间历程上的差异,并且时间信息加工还存在的显著半球优势效应。因此基底神经节、小脑和前额叶可能是时间认知的主要脑机制,但由于研究材料、方法和程序的不同,大脑皮层的广泛区域都有可能参与时间信息的加工。 相似文献
2.
本文认为当代信息加工认知心理学发展的特点是:(1)与高新科学技术结合.在基础理论的研究方面有较大的突破;(2)将自然认知与社会认知的研究结合起来,促使信息加工的研究能更接近人类实际的认知过程:(3)将基础理论研究与应用研究相结合,不断扩大认知心理学的研究领域和应用范围.为了迎接面临的挑战和适应社会发展的需要,信息加工认知心理学应更充分地体现时代精神,坚持走实验研究和现象学研究相结合、定量研究与定性研究相结合、微观研究与宏观研究相结合,以及文理互补、多科渗透的发展道路。 相似文献
3.
攻击行为的社会信息加工模式研究述评 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
二十世纪五十、六十年代,实验心理学和认知科学对人类认知过程的研究取得巨大进展,以认知过程为基础解释人类行为的产生已成为心理学研究的重要方向。攻击行为这一人类最古老的侵犯行为也受到这一研究趋势的影响,其中尤以社会信息加工理论的研究最为突出,它提出了攻击行为的社会信息加工模式。本文试对该模式的研究状况作一简介,以期引起国内同行对此领域的关注。 相似文献
4.
探索课题研究的前提性问题是从事任何一项真正意义的学术研究不可缺少的准备性工作。内隐自我信息加工方式研究是社会认知心理学领域的一个前沿性课题,它是从认知心理学的角度对人在无意状态下自动地加工与自我有关信息的过程和方式所进行的整体性研究。这一研究不但具有重要的理论价值和应用价值。而且具有其他研究无法替代的独特性。 相似文献
5.
认知神经心理学简介 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Max Coltheart 《心理科学进展》2008,16(1):4-9
认知神经心理学是认知心理学的一个分支。它的目的是探讨当人们执行认知活动的时候,心理信息加工过程是怎样的,所采用的手段是研究这些认知功能受损的病人。它与认知神经科学的不同在于:认知神经心理学关注的是心理(mind),而认知神经科学关注的是大脑(特别是关注与认知有关的大脑机制)。研究认知神经心理学的方法也可以用于研究发展性认知障碍,如阅读障碍,或者特殊的语言损伤,这就是发展性认知神经心理学。这些方法还可以用于高级认知发面的研究,如信念形成和心理理论。这些高级认知方面的障碍是精神病学的范畴,因此这类研究错觉、幻想或虚构等的认知神经心理学叫做认知神经精神病学。认知神经心理学的典型特征有:1)研究症状,而不是并发症;2)采用个案研究,而不是群体研究;3)主要数据来源是症状间的双分离;4)致力于模块化认知模型的建立。 相似文献
6.
如果从1967年U.Neisser出版《认知心理学》算起,以“信息加工”概念为核心或标志的所谓“认知心理学”或“信息加工心理学”,迄今已近40个年头了。这种信息加工心理学,由于以计算机为“隐喻”(认知心理学史上称“计算机隐喻”:心理之于大脑,犹如软件之于硬件),以H.Simon和A.Newell的“物理符号系统假设”(“PSSH”)为基础理论,以“人脑-机器的功能同一”(俗称“人机类比”)为方法论,并以其对高级认知功能(思维、问题解决、推理、决策等)强劲的解释力,而一直在当代心理学中独领风骚,以至被称为认知心理学的“经典范式”。这里的“经典”至少意味着,这种范式是经得起时间的检验的。 相似文献
7.
"学与教"的社会建构主义观点述评 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
自1960年代以来,认知心理学所取得的丰硕成果对教学心理领域的研究产生了深远的影响,提高了心理学在教育实际领域的可应用价值,也导致以认知主义为主导的研究倾向。然而,认知心理学中的方法论的局限,特别是信息加工观点的关于人是“物理符号系统”(H.A,Simon语)假设的机械主义和科学主义倾向是显而易见的。这种研究的局限和倾向,在当今以人为本、强调学生主体性和创造性的人文主义教育领域中不免显得捉襟见肘,因而限制了这种研究在教育实际领域的适用性。因此,体现了建构主义和社会文化思想的社会建构主义心理学思想,在近十多年来应运而生。了解这种思想的“学与教”的观点及研究,对于教学心理理论和实践研究是大有裨益的。 相似文献
8.
9.
心理学的理论原理在社会各个领域中的实践应用越来越广。从心理战学科来看,心理战理论发展对心理科学具有较强的依赖性,所以心理战的模式有着鲜明的心理学理论发展水平的烙印。本文主要论述行为主义心理学和认知心理学对心理战的枪弹论模式及信息加工模式的影响。 相似文献
10.
在教育心理学发展了百余年之后,脑研究以认知神经科学的形式,重新回到她的怀抱。认知神经科学对教育心理学的影响,主要体现在能力、学习和教学上;对这两个领域的关系,应采用开放而谨慎态度,以促进各自研究的科学发展。 相似文献
11.
Sungryong Koh 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1997,26(2):265-273
An eye-movement study examined the ambiguity of the dative noun phrase (NP) in Korean, which may be attached either to the main verb or to a relative verb. Experimental sentences of the form NP-Nom NP-Dat NP-Nom V (dative) NP-Acc V (dative or simple transitive; Nom = nominative; Dat = dative; V = verb; Acc = accusative) were tested. Garden-path theory predicts that comprehension difficulty occurs when the main verb is transitive, forcing the dative NP to be attached to the relative verb, because the dative NP will have already been attached in the clause posited when the first nominative NP is read. In contrast, lexically based theory predicts that comprehension difficulty occurs when the main verb is a dative verb, because the dative NP will be attached to the first verb encountered (the relative verb). The present study did not fully support either theory, because the differences seen in the experimental conditions appeared, at least in part, in the control conditions. However, the results were much different from the prediction of lexically based theory. Reading was faster, and regressive eye movements fewer, in the dative-ambiguous condition than in the transitive-ambiguous condition. Some reasons for the unexpected difficulty of the transitive-unambiguous condition are advanced. 相似文献
12.
13.
Gayle DeDe 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2010,39(4):345-374
Two self paced listening experiments examined the role of prosodic phrasing in syntactic ambiguity resolution. In Experiment
1, the stimuli consisted of early closure sentences (e.g., “While the parents watched, the child sang a song.”) containing
transitive-biased subordinate verbs paired with plausible direct objects or intransitive-biased subordinate verbs paired with
implausible direct objects. Experiment 2 also contained early closure sentences with transitively and intransitive-biased
subordinate verbs, but the subordinate verbs were always followed by plausible direct objects. In both experiments, there
were two prosodic conditions. In the subject-biased prosodic condition, an intonational phrase boundary marked the clausal
boundary following the subordinate verb. In the object-biased prosodic condition, the clause boundary was unmarked. The results
indicate that lexical and prosodic cues interact at the subordinate verb and plausibility further affects processing at the
ambiguous noun. Results are discussed with respect to models of the role of prosody in sentence comprehension. 相似文献
14.
In a recent series of publications (Traxler et al. J Mem Lang 39:558–92, 1998; Van Gompel et al. J Mem Lang 52:284–07, 2005; see also Van Gompel et al. (In: Kennedy, et al.(eds) Reading as a perceptual process, Oxford, Elsevier pp 621–48, 2000); Van Gompel et al. J Mem Lang 45:225–58, 2001) eye tracking data are reported showing that globally ambiguous (GA) sentences are read faster than locally ambiguous (LA) counterparts. They argue that these data rule out ‘constraint-based’models where syntactic and conceptual processors operate concurrently and syntactic ambiguity resolution is accomplished by competition. Such models predict the opposite pattern of reading times. However, this argument against competition is valid only in conjunction with two standard assumptions in current constraint-based models of sentence comprehension: (1) that syntactic competitions (e.g., Which is the best attachment site of the incoming constituent?) are pooled together with conceptual competitions (e.g., Which attachment site entails the most plausible meaning?), and (2) that the duration of a competition is a function of the overall (pooled) quality score obtained by each competitor. We argue that it is not necessary to abandon competition as a successful basis for explaining parsing phenomena and that the above-mentioned reading time data can be accounted for by a parallel-interactive model with conceptual and syntactic processors that do not pool their quality scores together. Within the individual linguistic modules, decision-making can very well be competition-based. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
通过两个眼动实验考察了在代词歧义消解中人们如何根据语境并利用语用知识理解隐含意义.实验一以24个语篇为实验材料,采用单因素两水平重复测量设计.结果表明间接方式下关键句阅读时间较长.实验二采用同样的实验设计,结果表明脱离语篇语境的关键句在不同条件下阅读时间相当.实验结果支持隐含意义的理解在句子加工的早期就已开始的联结主义观点. 相似文献
18.
19.
采用眼动方法.通过两个实验考察了汉语同音同形歧义词的歧义消解过程.结果显示:(1)在中性句子语境中,均衡歧义词的首视时间显著高于偏向歧义词.歧义词的意义通达仅受歧义词意义的相对频率影响,不受语境的影响;(2)在偏向句子语境中,当语境支持歧义词的次要意义时,被试对偏向歧义词的解歧信息的注视时间显著高于其他两类目标词,体现了语境对歧义词意义的整合作用.实验结果支持词汇歧义消解的模块化模型的观点. 相似文献
20.
Debra Titone 《Brain and language》1998,65(3):361-394
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of contextual constraint on lexical ambiguity resolution in the cerebral hemispheres. A cross-modal priming variant of the divided visual field task was utilized in which subjects heard sentences containing homonyms and made lexical decisions to targets semantically related to dominant and subordinate meanings. Experiment 1 showed priming in both hemispheres of dominant meanings for homonyms embedded in neutral sentence contexts. Experiment 2 showed priming in both hemispheres of dominant and subordinate meanings for homonyms embedded in sentence contexts that biased a central semantic feature of the subordinate meaning. Experiment 3 showed priming of dominant meanings in the left hemisphere (LH), and priming of the subordinate meaning in the right hemisphere (RH) for homonyms embedded in sentences that biased a peripheral semantic feature of the subordinate meaning. These results are consistent with a context-sensitive model of language processing that incorporates differential sensitivity to semantic relationships in the cerebral hemispheres. 相似文献