共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
多模态数据为实现对认知结构的精准诊断及其他认知特征(如, 认知风格)的全面反馈提供了可能性。为实现对题目作答精度、作答时间(RT)和视觉注视点数(FC)的联合分析, 本文基于联合-交叉负载建模法提出3个多模态认知诊断模型。实证研究及模拟研究结果表明: (1)联合分析比分离分析更适用于多模态数据; (2)新模型可直接利用RT和FC中信息提高潜在能力或潜在属性的估计准确性; (3)新模型的参数估计返真性较好; (4)忽略交叉负载所导致的负面结果比冗余考虑交叉负载所导致的更严重。 相似文献
6.
信息加工速度发展的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
信息加丁速度足认知发展研究的重要课题,它实质上反映了认知过程的内部心理机制的变化过程。围绕信息加工速度的年龄差异机制问题,许多研究开展大量研究,该介绍了三种有代表性的理论:经验说,兀认知说和整体机能说。该最后提出了信息加丁速度发展研究的展望和意义。 相似文献
7.
在原选项集中加入一个诱饵选项能够使人们的选择发生改变, 这就是诱饵效应。研究者发现可以通过设置相似诱饵、妥协诱饵、吸引诱饵以及幽灵诱饵等达到诱导决策者选择目标选项的目的。当前, 很多研究探索了诱饵效应的认知加工机制, 有研究者基于启发式加工和分析式加工的视角开展研究, 也有研究者从维度加工和选项加工的视角对此进行探索。诱饵效应的认知加工过程受到年龄、后悔情绪、决策形式以及时间压力等因素的影响。未来的研究需要构建适用于各类诱饵效应的统一的认知加工机制模型, 探索知觉在诱饵效应形成过程中的基础性作用, 探索个体的决策风格对不同类型诱饵效应的影响, 并通过合理利用诱饵效应助推社会发展。 相似文献
8.
情绪影响认知加工策略内隐机制的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大量研究表明情绪可以影响加工策略:积极情绪与简单的启发式加工相联系,而消极情绪与系统的精细加工相联系。本研究运用信号检测论的方法,将被试的判定标准与加工能力分离开来,结果发现,虽然对两组被试(积极情绪组、消极情绪组)的回忆任务均提出相同的明确要求,但积极情绪组仍然运用了较为宽松的判定标准,反映了情绪对认知加工策略的无意识影响。另外,d'值在两组间没有差异表明积极情绪组并不缺少加工能力。在此基础上,认为应该放弃从能力的角度看待情绪与加工方式之间的关系,注重研究情绪与具体加工特点之间的关系。 相似文献
9.
自尊的认知加工偏向研究述评 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着认识心理学的发展,人们从认知的角度对自尊进行了拓展性的研究。主要揭示不同自尊水平对认知加工偏向的影响,找出低自尊水平的认知加工特点并期望通过选择性训练来提升个体的自尊水平。关于自尊的认知加工偏向的心理机制主要是心境一致性效应和特质一致性效应。虽然这一取向的研究具有巨大的实践意义,但是还没有取得阶段性成果。 相似文献
10.
11.
Gayle DeDe 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2010,39(4):345-374
Two self paced listening experiments examined the role of prosodic phrasing in syntactic ambiguity resolution. In Experiment
1, the stimuli consisted of early closure sentences (e.g., “While the parents watched, the child sang a song.”) containing
transitive-biased subordinate verbs paired with plausible direct objects or intransitive-biased subordinate verbs paired with
implausible direct objects. Experiment 2 also contained early closure sentences with transitively and intransitive-biased
subordinate verbs, but the subordinate verbs were always followed by plausible direct objects. In both experiments, there
were two prosodic conditions. In the subject-biased prosodic condition, an intonational phrase boundary marked the clausal
boundary following the subordinate verb. In the object-biased prosodic condition, the clause boundary was unmarked. The results
indicate that lexical and prosodic cues interact at the subordinate verb and plausibility further affects processing at the
ambiguous noun. Results are discussed with respect to models of the role of prosody in sentence comprehension. 相似文献
12.
In a recent series of publications (Traxler et al. J Mem Lang 39:558–92, 1998; Van Gompel et al. J Mem Lang 52:284–07, 2005; see also Van Gompel et al. (In: Kennedy, et al.(eds) Reading as a perceptual process, Oxford, Elsevier pp 621–48, 2000); Van Gompel et al. J Mem Lang 45:225–58, 2001) eye tracking data are reported showing that globally ambiguous (GA) sentences are read faster than locally ambiguous (LA) counterparts. They argue that these data rule out ‘constraint-based’models where syntactic and conceptual processors operate concurrently and syntactic ambiguity resolution is accomplished by competition. Such models predict the opposite pattern of reading times. However, this argument against competition is valid only in conjunction with two standard assumptions in current constraint-based models of sentence comprehension: (1) that syntactic competitions (e.g., Which is the best attachment site of the incoming constituent?) are pooled together with conceptual competitions (e.g., Which attachment site entails the most plausible meaning?), and (2) that the duration of a competition is a function of the overall (pooled) quality score obtained by each competitor. We argue that it is not necessary to abandon competition as a successful basis for explaining parsing phenomena and that the above-mentioned reading time data can be accounted for by a parallel-interactive model with conceptual and syntactic processors that do not pool their quality scores together. Within the individual linguistic modules, decision-making can very well be competition-based. 相似文献
13.
DeDe G 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2012,41(5):387-408
The purpose of this study was to determine whether and when individuals with aphasia and healthy controls use lexical and prosodic information during on-line sentence comprehension. Individuals with aphasia and controls (n = 12 per group) participated in a self-paced listening experiment. The stimuli were early closure sentences, such as "While the parents watched(,) the child sang a song." Both lexical and prosodic cues were manipulated. The cues were biased toward the subject- or object- of the ambiguous noun phrase (the child). Thus, there were two congruous conditions (in which both lexical cues and prosodic cues were consistent) and two incongruous conditions (in which lexical and prosodic cues conflicted). The results showed that the people with aphasia had longer listening times for the ambiguous noun phrase (the child) when the cues were conflicting, rather than consistent. The controls showed effects earlier in the sentence, at the subordinate verb (watched or danced). Both groups showed evidence of reanalysis at the main verb (sang). These effects demonstrate that the aphasic group was sensitive to the lexical and prosodic cues, but used them on a delayed time course relative to the control group. 相似文献
14.
句法歧义消解与句子理解研究综述 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
0引言 句法分析是句子理解的一个基本过程,它操作的速度非常快,操作的结果只能瞬间保留,因此,直接观察有一定困难。然而,研究者可以通过探讨句法歧义消解机制间接研究句法分析过程[1]。近年来,句法歧义消解已经逐渐成为探讨句子加工的一个非常活跃的研究领域[2-9]。本文首先对当前几种典型的有关句法歧义消解与句子加工的理论进行评述,然后简要回顾一下有关的实验证据。1句法歧义消解的理论 在过去的二十年里,句子理解研究主要集中在两个基本的实验发现上,第一,即使句子的结构暂时有歧义,人们也能立即作出一个特定的分… 相似文献
15.
Kennison SM 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2004,33(6):493-516
Two reading experiments investigated the extent to which the presence of phonemic repetition in sentences influenced processing difficulty during syntactic ambiguity resolution. In both experiments, participants read sentences silently as reading time was measured. Reading time on sentences containing a temporary syntactic ambiguity was compared to reading time on unambiguous control sentences. Sentences either did or did not contain repeated phonemes. The results showed that reading time was longer for sentences containing a syntactic ambiguity than for unambiguous control sentences. Reading time was also longer on sentences containing repeated phonemes than on sentences that did not contain repeated phonemes. Phonemic repetition did not increase the time taken for syntactic ambiguity resolution; rather, the effects of syntactic ambiguity and phonemic repetition were temporally distinct, with the effect of phonemic repetition following the effect of syntactic ambiguity. Implications for theories of working memory are discussed. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Sungryong Koh 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1997,26(2):265-273
An eye-movement study examined the ambiguity of the dative noun phrase (NP) in Korean, which may be attached either to the main verb or to a relative verb. Experimental sentences of the form NP-Nom NP-Dat NP-Nom V (dative) NP-Acc V (dative or simple transitive; Nom = nominative; Dat = dative; V = verb; Acc = accusative) were tested. Garden-path theory predicts that comprehension difficulty occurs when the main verb is transitive, forcing the dative NP to be attached to the relative verb, because the dative NP will have already been attached in the clause posited when the first nominative NP is read. In contrast, lexically based theory predicts that comprehension difficulty occurs when the main verb is a dative verb, because the dative NP will be attached to the first verb encountered (the relative verb). The present study did not fully support either theory, because the differences seen in the experimental conditions appeared, at least in part, in the control conditions. However, the results were much different from the prediction of lexically based theory. Reading was faster, and regressive eye movements fewer, in the dative-ambiguous condition than in the transitive-ambiguous condition. Some reasons for the unexpected difficulty of the transitive-unambiguous condition are advanced. 相似文献
19.
20.
通过两个眼动实验考察了在代词歧义消解中人们如何根据语境并利用语用知识理解隐含意义.实验一以24个语篇为实验材料,采用单因素两水平重复测量设计.结果表明间接方式下关键句阅读时间较长.实验二采用同样的实验设计,结果表明脱离语篇语境的关键句在不同条件下阅读时间相当.实验结果支持隐含意义的理解在句子加工的早期就已开始的联结主义观点. 相似文献