共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jakub Čapek 《Philosophia》2008,36(4):453-463
The first part of this essay is basically historical. It introduces the explanation–understanding divide, focusing in particular
on the general–unique distinction. The second part is more philosophical and it presents two different claims on action. In
the first place, I will try to say what it means to understand an action. Secondly, we will focus on the explanation of action
as it is seen in some explanatory sciences. I will try to argue that in some cases these sciences commit what I call an “external
contradiction”.
相似文献
Jakub ČapekEmail: |
2.
This research examines how the two propensities that underlie defensive pessimism (pessimism and reflection) operate independently
to influence the defensive pessimistic process. It investigates the hypothesis that the propensity to reflect, or plan, counteracts
the detrimental effects of pessimism by encouraging not only planning, but also the pursuit of those plans. Consistent with
these predictions, two studies revealed that the propensity to reflect helped defensive pessimists pursue their plans by (a)
increasing goal importance, (b) promoting effort, (c) raising initial expectations, and (d) buffering the anticipated sting
of failure. Pessimism hindered performance by increasing anxiety and lowering expectations. Thus, the propensity to reflect
counteracts pessimism by not only promoting planning, but also processes that help the pursuit of those plans.
相似文献
Karen GasperEmail: Email: |
3.
Thor Grunbaum 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2008,7(2):243-261
This article is about how to describe an agent’s awareness of her bodily movements when she is aware of executing an action
for a reason. Against current orthodoxy, I want to defend the claim that the agent’s experience of moving has an epistemic
place in the agent’s awareness of her own intentional action. In “The problem,” I describe why this should be thought to be
problematic. In “Motives for denying epistemic role,” I state some of the main motives for denying that bodily awareness has
any epistemic role to play in the content of the agent’s awareness of her own action. In “Kinaesthetic awareness and control,”
I sketch how I think the experience of moving and the bodily sense of agency or control are best described. On this background,
I move on to present, in “Arguments for epistemic role,” three arguments in favour of the claim that normally the experience
of moving is epistemically important to one’s awareness of acting intentionally. In the final “Concluding remarks,” I round
off by raising some of the worries that motivated the denial of my claim in the first place.
相似文献
Thor GrunbaumEmail: |
4.
Michael Nelson 《Philosophical Studies》2007,133(3):455-471
I discuss Stalnaker’s views on modality. In particular, his views on actualism, anti-essentialism, counterpart theory, and
the Barcan formulas.
相似文献
Michael NelsonEmail: |
5.
Recent and puzzling experimental results suggest that people’s judgments as to whether or not an action was performed intentionally
are sensitive to moral considerations. In this paper, we outline these results and evaluate two accounts which purport to
explain them. We then describe a recent experiment that allegedly vindicates one of these accounts and present our own findings
to show that it fails to do so. Finally, we present additional data suggesting no such vindication could be in the offing
and that, in fact, both accounts fail to explain the initial, puzzling results they were purported to explain.
相似文献
Hagop SarkissianEmail: |
6.
Anna Mudde 《Human Studies》2009,32(2):183-200
In this paper, I draw on the mutually implicated structures of tragedy and self-formation found in Hegel’s use of Sophocles’
Antigone in the Phenomenology. By emphasizing the apparent distinction between particular and universal in Hegel’s reading of the tragedies in Antigone, I propose that a tragedy of action (which particularizes a universal) is inescapable for subjectivity understood as socially
constituted and always already socially engaged. I consider universal/particular relations in three communities: Hegel’s Greek
polis, his community of conscience, and my reading of certain feminist communities. The position I propose establishes a ground
from which to approach subjects, and implies that all subjects may be understood as the result of relations embodying potential
tragedy. This speaks to contemporary concerns about marginalization, identity articulation, and relations of recognition.
相似文献
Anna MuddeEmail: |
7.
Jesse Ramon Steinberg 《Sophia》2008,47(2):193-199
In this paper I discuss a number of problems associated with the suggestion that it is possible for God to randomly select
a possible world for actualization.
相似文献
Jesse Ramon SteinbergEmail: |
8.
In this paper we discuss visualizations in mathematics from a historical and didactical perspective. We consider historical
debates from the 17th and 19th centuries regarding the role of intuition and visualizations in mathematics. We also consider
the problem of what a visualization in mathematical learning can achieve. In an empirical study we investigate what mathematical
conclusions university students made on the basis of a visualization. We emphasize that a visualization in mathematics should
always be considered in its proper context.
相似文献
Kajsa Br?ting (Corresponding author)Email: |
Johanna PejlareEmail: |
9.
Building a Better WarBot: Ethical Issues in the Design of Unmanned Systems for Military Applications
Robert Sparrow 《Science and engineering ethics》2009,15(2):169-187
Unmanned systems in military applications will often play a role in determining the success or failure of combat missions
and thus in determining who lives and dies in times of war. Designers of UMS must therefore consider ethical, as well as operational,
requirements and limits when developing UMS. I group the ethical issues involved in UMS design under two broad headings, Building
Safe Systems and Designing for the Law of Armed Conflict, and identify and discuss a number of issues under each of these
headings. As well as identifying issues, I offer some analysis of their implications and how they might be addressed.
相似文献
Robert SparrowEmail: |
10.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
11.
How Should We Do Nanoethics? A Network Approach for Discerning Ethical Issues in Nanotechnology 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ibo van de Poel 《Nanoethics》2008,2(1):25-38
There is no agreement on how nanoethics should proceed. In this article I focus on approaches for discerning ethical issues
in nanotechnology, which is as of yet one of the most difficult and urging tasks for nanoethics. I discuss and criticize two
existing approaches for discerning ethical issues in nanotechnology and propose a network approach as alternative. I discuss
debates in nanoethics about the desirable role of ethics in nanotechnological development and about the newness of ethical
issues in nanotechnology. On basis of a critical analysis of both debates, I formulate a number of desiderata for a method
for discerning ethical issues in nanotechnology and argue that the network approach that my colleagues and I have developed
for ethical issues in research and development networks is also appropriate in nanotechnology.
相似文献
Ibo van de PoelEmail: |
12.
Evan Selinger 《Human Studies》2008,31(1):27-41
Recent debates about the Grameen Bank’s microlending practices depict participating female borrowers as having fundamentally
empowering or disempowering experiences. I argue that this discursive framework may be too reductive: it can conceal how technique
and technology simultaneously facilitate relations of dependence and independence; and it can diminish our capacity to understand
and assess innovative development initiatives.
相似文献
Evan SelingerEmail: |
13.
Carolina Sartorio 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(1):117-133
I argue that, according to ordinary morality, there is moral inertia, that is, moral pressure to fail to intervene in certain
circumstances. Moral inertia is manifested in scenarios with a particular causal structure: deflection scenarios, where a
threatening or benefiting process is diverted from a group of people to another. I explain why the deflection structure is
essential for moral inertia to be manifested. I argue that there are two different manifestations of moral inertia: strict
prohibitions on interventions, and constraints on interventions. Finally, I discuss the connection between moral inertia and
the distinction between killing and letting die (or doing and allowing harm).
相似文献
Carolina SartorioEmail: |
14.
Frank Arntzenius 《Erkenntnis》2008,68(2):277-297
I argue that standard decision theories, namely causal decision theory and evidential decision theory, both are unsatisfactory.
I devise a new decision theory, from which, under certain conditions, standard game theory can be derived.
相似文献
Frank ArntzeniusEmail: |
15.
Ernest Sosa 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(1):137-147
Paul Boghossian discusses critically my account of intuition as a source of epistemic status. Stewart Cohen takes up my views
on skepticism, on dreams, and on epistemic competence and competences and their relation to human knowledge. Hilary Kornblith
focuses on my animal/reflective distinction, and, along with Cohen, on my comparison between how dreams might mislead us and
how other bad epistemic contexts can do so. In this paper I offer replies to my three critics.
相似文献
Ernest SosaEmail: |
16.
17.
Giolo Fele 《Human Studies》2008,31(3):299-322
The aim of my paper is twofold. First, I show how the notion of phenomenal field can be used to examine, describe and understand
particular collective patterns pertaining to the everyday domain of our common social experience. Secondly, I outline the
role of the notion of “phenomenal field” in ethnomethodology. I briefly discuss Gurwitsch’s notion of functional meaning. After presenting the argument, I show “the locally achieved ordinariness of a common task”, that is the lining up of the
player of the two teams in the pitch, as an embodied coherence of figural contexture in its empirical perceptual details, as Garfinkel says.
相似文献
Giolo FeleEmail: |
18.
Jessica Brown 《Philosophical Studies》2009,143(3):397-405
In my remarks, I discuss Sosa's attempt to deal with the sceptical threat posed by dreaming. Sosa explores two replies to
the problem of dreaming scepticism. First, he argues that, on the imagination model of dreaming, dreaming does not threaten
the safety of our beliefs. Second, he argues that knowledge does not require safety, but a weaker condition which is not threatened
by dreaming skepticism. I raise questions about both elements of his reply.
相似文献
Jessica BrownEmail: |
19.
Enactive appraisal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Giovanna Colombetti 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2007,6(4):527-546
Emotion theorists tend to separate “arousal” and other bodily events such as “actions” from the evaluative component of emotion
known as “appraisal.” This separation, I argue, implies phenomenologically implausible accounts of emotion elicitation and
personhood. As an alternative, I attempt a reconceptualization of the notion of appraisal within the so-called “enactive approach.”
I argue that appraisal is constituted by arousal and action, and I show how this view relates to an embodied and affective
notion of personhood.
相似文献
Giovanna ColombettiEmail: |
20.
Language evolution as a Darwinian process: computational studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents computational experiments that illustrate how one can precisely conceptualize language evolution as a
Darwinian process. We show that there is potentially a wide diversity of replicating units and replication mechanisms involved
in language evolution. Computational experiments allow us to study systemic properties coming out of populations of linguistic
replicators: linguistic replicators can adapt to specific external environments; they evolve under the pressure of the cognitive
constraints of their hosts, as well as under the functional pressure of communication for which they are used; one can observe
neutral drift; coalitions of replicators may appear, forming higher level groups which can themselves become subject to competition
and selection.
相似文献
Frédéric KaplanURL: http://www.fkaplan.com |