胃肠道手术术后并发韦尼克脑病临床分析

探讨胃肠道手术术后并发韦尼克（Wernicke）脑病的临床特点、患病机制及诊断和治疗方法。回顾性分析我院2006年~2010年胃肠道手术术后并发Wernieke脑病的临床资料。结果5例经补充维生素B1症状迅速消失,1例因获得诊断较迟,共济失调改善效果差,1例死亡。因此,Wernicke脑病临床表现极不典型,对于禁食时间...     

Velar movements during speech in two Wernicke aphasic patients

The articulatory gestures of the velum in two Wernicke aphasic patients were examined to compare their performances with those of an apraxic patient by means of the fiberoptic technique. In contrast to the marked variability in the apraxic performance in terms of velum height and segmental duration, the two fluent aphasic subjects showed a relatively high degree of consistency in velar movements throughout several repetitions of nonsense syllables and meaningful words. In addition, both patients exhibited a normal pattern of anticipatory coarticulation. Analyses of the velar movement patterns during the speech-sound error processes of both patients suggested that these errors were not due to an impairment at the level of articulatory programming but to an error in the selection of a target phoneme.     

文章结构清晰度对修改的影响研究

研究了文章结构清晰度对文章修改的影响。高低水平的作者各分别修改结构清晰度不同的材料。实验结果表明,文章修改质量的水平差异显著;文章结构清晰有助于修改者在修改过程中建构文章的整体模式,从而促进意义错误的修改。文章结构清晰度对修改的影响主要是通过影响工作记忆资源的分配而实现的。     

Some remarks on the bearing of model theory on the theory of theories

The present paper offers some remarks on the significance of first order model theory for our understanding of theories, and more generally, for our understanding of the “structuralist” accounts of the nature of theoretical knowledge that we associate with Russell, Ramsey and Carnap. What is unique about the presentation is the prominence it assigns to Craig’s Interpolation Lemma, some of its corollaries, and the manner of their demonstration. They form the underlying logical basis of the analysis.     

中国经学的历史(论纲)

经学的历史,上起汉武帝建元六年(前135年)宣布"独尊儒术",下迄清光绪三十一年(1905年)废除科举制度,凡历二千零四十年. "经"的界定晚清以来聚讼纷纭.参照周予同师自民国十四年(1925年)以后多次申述的主张,我认为特指汉建元五年始立"五经博士"起,得到在位君主认可的、所谓由孔子亲授的五类或六类儒家著作.每类著作都有不同的传本和诠释,"立于学官"的常有一经数传,久之传记也化为经,因而经的名目不断扩充,详见周著<群经概论>.     

外科医生面临的困惑和思考

外科医生面临越来越大的压力和严峻的挑战,由于外科技术的局限性和人体差异的复杂性以及社会诉求价值过高等因素决定了外科是一门高风险的职业。如何规避职业风险?我们可以从加强责任心、严格执行医疗常规、提高医疗技术入手;但这还不够,一个外科医生智慧与技能的发掘以及处理问题的能力与技巧,还需要良好的职业素养、崇高的职业精神、科学的思维方法、和睦的医患关系。     

Searle on the unity of the world

According to mentalism some existing things are endowed with (subjectively) conscious minds. According to physicalism all existing things consist entirely of physical particles in fields of force. Searle holds that mentalism and physicalism are compatible and true—“the world is one”. The aim of this paper is to show that Searle fails to make the compatibility between mentalism and physicalism intelligible. The paper has three parts: first, I criticize drawing an analogy between solidity and consciousness as macro-features of systems with micro-features. Second, I argue that Searle’s defence of the ontological irreducibility of consciousness is terminologically confused and that his argument for the trivial nature of that irreducibility is unsuccessful. Third, I defend Nagel’s argument for the causal irreducibility of conscious minds by answering some of Searle’s objections to it.

Nietzsche on the Nature of the Unconscious

Abstract

This paper argues that Nietzsche develops a novel and compelling account of the distinction between conscious and unconscious mental states: he argues that conscious mental states are those with conceptual content, whereas unconscious mental states are those with nonconceptual content. I show that Nietzsche’s puzzling claim that consciousness is ‘superficial’ and ‘falsifying’ can be given a straightforward explanation if we accept this understanding of the conscious/unconscious distinction. I originally defended this view in my ‘Nietzsche’s Theory of Mind: Consciousness and Conceptualization’ (2005, European Journal of Philosophy 13: 1–31); since then, the view has come under criticism on several fronts. Brian Leiter and others suggest that there is not enough textual evidence for the view. In addition, Leiter, Mattia Riccardi and Tsarina Doyle argue that, rather than aligning the conscious/unconscious distinction with the conceptual/nonconceptual distinction, Nietzsche endorses a higher-order thought model of consciousness. Riccardi also objects that Nietzsche must treat some unconscious mental states as conceptual. In this essay, I defend the interpretation in light of these objections. I provide new textual evidence for the interpretation, show that Nietzsche extracted aspects of the view from Schopenhauer’s work on consciousness, consider the possibility that Nietzsche endorses a higher-order thought theory, and respond to Riccardi’s objection.     

Thoughts on the eve of the millennium

Spiritually hungry is how I would characterize our society in this last part of the twentieth century in the United States. Jung's statement that the world is hanging by a slender thread, and that only consciousness can save it, seems appropriate here.     

论全球发展的公正性

博士生是我国伦理学界的一支生力军 ,他们所撰写的论文 ,凝聚了他们的智慧 ,展示出我国伦理学研究的重要成果。在这些论文中 ,也许有些地方不够成熟 ,甚至稍嫌稚嫩 ,却丰富多彩 ,充满生机 ,代表着我国伦理学事业的前途和未来。本刊拟从今年开始 ,开辟专栏进行介绍 ,希望广大博士生踊跃投稿