共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Primary care is the first contact with the health service for patients and is thus the meeting point for people with different perspectives on emotional and psychological issues. The counselling model needs to examine the moral problems posed by these difficulties, and its own differences from the standard health care model, where cure and symptomatic relief rather than personal growth may be the aim. Key situations and relationships are examined against a background of accepted ethical principles (respect for autonomy, the duty to care, minimising harm, and being fair) from the viewpoint of all involved in the encounter, with particular reference to conflicts, responsibilities, confidentiality, and methods of referral and joint working. 相似文献
2.
Artificial Intelligence of the next generation needs to interact with users socially, convincing them in its ability to understand human minds, including emotions. For this to happen, an artificial emotional intelligence is needed, capable of adequate, believable behavior in social emotional interactions. Building on previous developments, the present work extends the general framework of emotional Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture (eBICA: Samsonovich, 2013, 2018), endowing it with fluents describing, in addition to appraisals, somatic markers, feelings, emotions, moods, emotional reactions and biases. Key building blocks that integrate them are moral schemas and semantic maps. The model describes interaction of three factors: plans and commitments, moral and ethical values, and somatic comfort. Learning in this framework includes self-organization of semantic maps that in turn may provide guidance for active humanlike learning. Implications for empirical studies and practical applications are discussed together with the expected impact. 相似文献
3.
Dunbar WS 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(4):535-551
Recent results from two different studies show evidence of strong emotional engagement in moral dilemmas that require personal
involvement or ethical problems that involve significant inter-personal issues. This empirical evidence for a connection between
emotional engagement and moral or ethical choices is interesting because it is related to a fundamental survival mechanism
rooted in human evolution. The results lead one to question when and how emotional engagement might occur in a professional
ethical situation. However, the studies employed static dilemmas or problems that offered only two choices whose outcome was
certain or nearly so, whereas actual problems in professional ethics are dynamic and typically involve considerable uncertainty.
The circumstances of three example cases suggest that increasing personal involvement and uncertainty could have been perceived
as changes, threats, or opportunities and could therefore have elicited an emotional response as a way to ensure the reputation,
integrity or success of oneself or a group to which one belongs. Such emotional engagement is only suggested and more studies
and experiments are required to better characterize the role of emotional engagement in professional ethics. 相似文献
4.
5.
McGovern TF 《Ethics & behavior》1998,8(4):293-304
The vulnerability of participants in Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) programs is a consequence of the illnesses that they are experiencing; ethical guarantees must be in place that ensure the dignity of the persons involved in such programs. Dignity is more than an individual concern; it has individual, institutional, and societal dimensions. An ethical framework is proposed that involves the interrelated vulnerabilities and needs of individuals and communities and our societal response to them. Among the issues given particular attention are individual and community stigmatization, target population involvement in program planning, balance with regard to confidentiality and privacy, the place of proportionality grounded in a rich sense of community as a guiding ethical priniciple, and guidelines for SAMHSA programs. 相似文献
6.
《Ethics & behavior》2013,23(4):293-304
The vulnerability of participants in Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) programs is a consequence of the illnesses that they are experiencing; ethical guarantees must be in place that ensure the dignity of the persons involved in such programs. Dignity is more than an individual concern; it has individual, institutional, and societal dimensions. An ethical framework is proposed that involves the interrelated vulnerabilities and needs of individuals and communities and our societal response to them. Among the issues given particular attention are individual and community stigmatization, target population involvement in program planning, balance with regard to confidentiality and privacy, the place of proportionality grounded in a rich sense of community as a guiding ethical principle, and guidelines for SAMHSA programs. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(1-2):169-203
Summary In no other area of professional ethics must psychologists rely on their own judgment than in the area of multiple relationships. Yet ironically, because of the wide variety of types and possible outcomes in dual relationships and boundary crossings, psychologists are given less guidance in this area of ethical decision-making than in any other. As a result, psychologists' emotional conflicts and personal needs are more likely to interfere with their judgment in this area. This article will review important dynamics of multiple relationships and boundary violations, while also providing a model for assisting psychologists in avoiding exploitive or harmful dual relationships. 相似文献
8.
Chase E. Thiel Shane Connelly Lauren Harkrider Lynn D. Devenport Zhanna Bagdasarov James F. Johnson Michael D. Mumford 《Science and engineering ethics》2013,19(1):265-286
Case-based instruction is a stable feature of ethics education, however, little is known about the attributes of the cases that make them effective. Emotions are an inherent part of ethical decision-making and one source of information actively stored in case-based knowledge, making them an attribute of cases that likely facilitates case-based learning. Emotions also make cases more realistic, an essential component for effective case-based instruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of emotional case content, and complementary socio-relational case content, on case-based knowledge acquisition and transfer on future ethical decision-making tasks. Study findings suggest that emotional case content stimulates retention of cases and facilitates transfer of ethical decision-making principles demonstrated in cases. 相似文献
9.
This study examined the emotional involvement of 27 husbands and wives in their marriage relationships during the stressful period of the last trimester of the first pregnancy. Four behavioral dispositions indicated a state of high emotional involvement in the marriage: (a) striving to gratify interpersonal needs primarily through the marital relationship; (b) needing to receive affection and desiring to provide support; (c) desiring to satisfy these needs in a mutually satisfying way; and (d) becoming irritated and hostile when maritally dissatisfied. The results show, according to all indicators except the desire to support one's spouse, that husbands were less emotionally involved in the marital relationship than wives. The finding that husbands showed a low level of emotional involvement in marriage supports Laws's (1971) suggestion that husbands' mode of being-in-the-marriage is basically unresponsive to changes and stresses in the family. 相似文献
10.
This study examined the emotional involvement of 27 husbands and wives in their marriage relationships during the stressful period of the last trimester of the first pregnancy. Four behavioral dispositions indicated a state of high emotional involvement in the marriage: striving to gratify interpersonal needs primarily through the marital relationship; needing to receive affection and desiring to provide support; desiring to satisfy these needs in a mutually satisfying way; and becoming irritated and hostile when maritally dissatisfied. The results show, according to all indicators except the desire to support one's spouse, that husbands were less emotionally involved in the marital relationship than wives. The finding that husbands showed a low level of emotional involvement in marriage supports Laws's (1971) suggestion that husbands' mode of being-in-the-marriage is basically unresponsive to changes and stresses in the family. 相似文献
11.
In this article, we explore the role that art can play in ethical reflection on risky and controversial technologies. New technologies often give rise to societal controversies about their potential risks and benefits. Over the last decades, social scientists, psychologists, and philosophers have criticized quantitative approaches to risk on the grounds that they oversimplify its societal and ethical implications. There is broad consensus amongst these scholars that stakeholders and their values and concerns should be included in decision-making about technological risks. It has also been argued that the emotional responses of people can shed important light on the ethical aspects of risk and uncertainty. However, people’s emotions can be narrowly focused and biased. This article therefore assesses the role that technology-inspired artworks can play in overcoming such biases, by challenging our imagination and providing us with different perspectives on possible technological developments and their implications for society. Philosophers have not yet studied such artworks, so this constitutes an entirely new field of research for scholars of risk and moral theory. In particular, we focus on the case of BNCI (Brain/Neural Computer Interface) technologies and related artworks. These technologies and artworks touch on questions of what it means to be human, thereby raising profound ethical and philosophical challenges. We discuss the experiences of artists, scientists, and engineers who are directly involved with BNCI technologies, and who were interviewed during a Hackathon at Amsterdam’s Waag Society in June 2016. Their views are analyzed in light of philosophical and aesthetic theories, which allows us to consider relevant ethical and conceptual issues as well as topics for further investigation. 相似文献
12.
Four experiments demonstrate that closing one’s eyes affects ethical judgment and behavior because it induces people to mentally simulate events more extensively. People who considered situations with their eyes closed rather than open judged immoral behaviors as more unethical and moral behaviors as more ethical. In addition, considering potential decisions with closed eyes decreased stated intentions to behave ethically and actual self-interested behavior. This relationship was mediated by the more extensive mental simulation that occurred with eyes closed rather than open, which, in turn, intensified emotional reactions to the ethical situation. We discuss the implications of these findings for moral psychology and ethical decision making. 相似文献
13.
Tom Tomlinson 《Human Studies》1999,22(1):43-52
The primary goal of ethics consultation should be to provide effective assistance to patients and families in obtaining care that is duly responsive to their rights and their needs. The consultation reported by Mark Bliton fails in this regard because it never ascertains why the consultation was called; makes little attempt to ascertain the motives of those involved; avoids exploration of the ethical concerns of family, attending or staff; makes no connection with institutional policies or practices; uncritically adopts and serves the medical treatment ethos; and substitutes fellowfeeling for compassionate action. 相似文献
14.
The increasing number of companies providing internet services and auction tools helped popularize the online reverse auction
trend for purchasing commodities and services in the last decade. As a result, a number of owners, both public and private,
accepted the online reverse auctions as the bidding technique for their construction projects. Owners, while trying to minimize
their costs for construction projects, are also required to address their ethical responsibilities to the shareholders. In
the case of online reverse auctions for construction projects, the ethical issues involved in the bidding technique directly
reflects on the owner’s ethical and social responsibilities to their shareholders.
The goal of this paper is to identify the shareholder ethics and responsibilities in online reverse auctions for construction
projects by analyzing the ethical issues for the parties involved in the process. The identification of the ethical issues
and responsibilities requires clear definition and understanding of professional ethics and the roles of the involved parties.
In this paper, first, the concept of professional ethics and social responsibility is described in a general form. To illustrate
the ethical issues and responsibilities, a sample case of bidding for a construction project using online reverse auction
techniques is presented in which the shareholders were actively involved in questioning the ethical issues. The issues involved
in the bidding process and their reflection on the shareholder responsibilities are described and analyzed for each stage
of the process. A brief discussion of the overall process is also included to address the general ethical issues involved
in online reverse auctions.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献
15.
Annalee Yassi Jennifer Beth Spiegel Karen Lockhart Lynn Fels Katherine Boydell Judith Marcuse 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2016,14(3):199-220
Academics from diverse disciplines are recognizing not only the procedural ethical issues involved in research, but also the complexity of everyday “micro” ethical issues that arise. While ethical guidelines are being developed for research in aboriginal populations and low-and-middle-income countries, multi-partnered research initiatives examining arts-based interventions to promote social change pose a unique set of ethical dilemmas not yet fully explored. Our research team, comprising health, education, and social scientists, critical theorists, artists and community-activists launched a five-year research partnership on arts-for-social change. Funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council in Canada and based in six universities, including over 40 community-based collaborators, and informed by five main field projects (circus with street youth, theatre by people with disabilities, dance for people with Parkinson’s disease, participatory theatre with refugees and artsinfused dialogue), we set out to synthesize existing knowledge and lessons we learned. We summarized these learnings into 12 key points for reflection, grouped into three categories: community-university partnership concerns (n?=?3), dilemmas related to the arts (n?=?5), and team issues (n?=?4). In addition to addressing previous concerns outlined in the literature (e.g., related to consent, anonymity, dangerous emotional terrain, etc.), we identified power dynamics (visible and hidden) hindering meaningful participation of community partners and university-based teams that need to be addressed within a reflective critical framework of ethical practice. We present how our team has been addressing these issues, as examples of how such concerns could be approached in community-university partnerships in arts for social change. 相似文献
16.
Journal of Religion and Health - The Israeli worldview places great significance on childbearing. This could create emotional and ethical difficulties for women coping with fertility issues in... 相似文献
17.
Andrew Burton Louise Connor Christine Haley 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1992,20(3):303-312
Information was gathered by means of a questionnaire survey and interviews from a group of patients (N = 17) and health professionals (N=13) working within a stroke unit, concerning the emotional needs of patients and and their relatives and how staff responded to these needs. Although most of the staff had received some training or information about counselling and felt that their interactions with patients often involved an element of counselling, there was strong support for separate specialised counselling services to deal with psychological problems suffered by both patients and their relatives. Patients rated assistance with personal and emotional worries and advice about physical problems as equally useful. A strong need for a counselling service in some form or other was expressed by patients. Neither the level of the patients' social support nor the presence or absence of aphasia, however, predicted the strength of interest expressed. It is concluded that specialised psychological help could be useful in various ways for both in- and out-patients and for their families. 相似文献
18.
王云萍 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2008,3(3):352-365
The Confucian understanding of emotions and their ethical importance confirms and exemplifies the contemporary Western renewed
understanding of the nature of emotions. By virtue of a systematic conceptual analysis of Confucian ethics, one can see that,
according to Confucians, the ethical significance of emotions, lies in that an ethical life is also emotional and virtues
are inclinational. And a further exploration shows that the reason for the ethical significance is both that emotions are
heavenly-endowed and that there exists a union of emotions and reason in Confucian ethics. This will constitute a challenge
to the so-called mainstream ethical theories which have been popularly engaged in seeking justifications for abstract moral
rules.
__________
Translated from Zhexue Yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Research), 2007, (3): 86–92 相似文献
19.
Wiener J 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2001,46(3):431-442
Implicit in Jung's alchemical metaphor of the vas bene clausum is the idea of an analytic frame with a space inside it for something vital, a relationship between two selves, to develop. For this to happen, analysts must respect their patients' rights to confidentiality. The paper explores the analyst's state of mind and the intrapsychic processes that are constellated when struggling with ethical dilemmas about issues of confidentiality in analytic work. The author suggests that at times when analysts consider breaking confidentiality, there is often a disturbing inner conflict between their moral principles (codes of ethics) and their internal personal ethical attitude. At these difficult moments, the mutuality of the work and the vas bene clausum can be significantly disrupted. The analyst tries to find a third position, a mental and emotional ethical space where the subjective and the objective, the ethical and the unethical can become more companionable bedfellows. 相似文献
20.
The effective provision of psychotherapy services to individuals with intellectual disability requires consideration of ethical issues related to clinical competence, access to services, obligations to multiple parties, guardianship, and appropriate assessment practices. This article provides an overview of major ethical considerations with guidance for clarifying and resolving common ethical concerns. Psychologists are encouraged to expand access to psychotherapy services for this population while maintaining awareness of potential modifications, training needs, and boundaries of professional competence. The authors provide recommendations and resources for effective and ethical treatment of psychotherapy clients with intellectual disabilities. 相似文献