Engagement au travail,estime de soi organisationnelle,et satisfaction envers la carrière : une étude prospective

This article reports the results of a study that examines the effects of job engagement and organization-based self-esteem on career satisfaction. Career satisfaction was measured at three separate times: at the same time than the predictor variables, and six months and one year later, respectively. Based on a sample of 294 respondents from various organizations at Time 1, 154 at Time 2, and 117 at Time 3, the analyses indicate that work engagement exerts a positive and relatively stable effect on career satisfaction over time while organization-based self-esteem displays a similar effect mainly in the short term. Moreover, organization-based self-esteem acts as a moderator of job engagement such that its effect on career satisfaction over time is stronger when organization-based self-esteem is higher. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results.     

Les transformations du marché du travail et des organisations : enjeux de maintien au travail et de mobilité professionnelle

This article examines the impacts of the changes in the labor market and organizations as well as their effects on women executives’ job retention and professional mobility. This research is rooted in a qualitative approach based on 51 individual interviews with female executives. The results reveal that the work of women executives is organized around financial goals and could entail risks such as loss of meaning. In these contexts, women developpe resistance or collaboration strategies to integrate and stay at work. These strategies have consequences on their professional mobility.     

Perception des conditions de travail et perspectives professionnelles chez les enseignants des collèges en Tunisie

This study examines the impact of organizational work conditions on the mental health of secondary school teachers in Tunisia. It aims to understand teachers’ specific problems on the basis of their professional representations of the profession in order to identify the sources of their malaise at work. To conduct our research, Self-report questionnaires were completed by 34 teachers, aged 30 to 58 years, from different secondary schools. The thematic analysis highlights a bond between constraints perception related to working conditions and the negative evaluations of work situations and teaching profession as a whole. Professional experience reveals suffering and discomfort, they can lead to reconsidering future prospects.     

Prévenir et agir sur les problèmes de santé au travail : les services de santé au travail à la croisée des chemins

This article presents an ongoing research regarding work-related health issues as they are perceived and identified by professionals practicing in occupational health services. The study is based on interviews with occupational doctors, nurses, technicians in prevention of occupational hazards and assistants, employed in two general services. The article starts with an overview of the recent changes in the workplace and in the practicing conditions of the professionals in the services. It then analyses the types of issues they identify among the employees they have in charge. Finally, the article examines the actions that can be done by the services, and the limitations of these actions. The professionals appear to be negotiating with various strains.     

Harcèlement moral au travail et pro/antisocialité du salarié victime : quels effets sur les jugements,les émotions et les intentions d’aide des témoins ?

Bullying at work is characterized by negative, repetitive and frequent acts towards a person, bearing reached with her physical and psychic health (Einarsen, Hoel, Zapf, & Cooper, 2003; Leymann, 1996). On the basis of research of Weiner (1996) and Rudolph, Roesch, Greitemeyer, and Weiner (2004), we postulated that the bullying acts, the behaviors of the bullied employee and it revictimisation would influence the judgments and the emotions of the witnesses. Research was carried out within the framework of the paradigm of the judges of 72 participants. The variance analyses show that the gravity of the acts decreases the feeling of equity, increases the attribution of responsibility towards the harcelor, decreases the attribution of responsibility to the victim and increases the help. The bullying acts always interact with the victim’s pro or antisocial behaviors. The emotions of the judges are mainly positive with regard to the victim and negative towards the harcelor except when bullied employee has emitted an antisocial behavior. The gravity of the bullying acts increases on the one hand sympathy, fear and sadness towards the victims, on the other hand, anger and dislike towards the harcelor.     

La relation entre l’usage professionnel des technologies numériques et l’addiction au travail médiatisée par les demandes psychologiques au travail : quelles différences entre les hommes et les femmes ?

Considered as an additional job demand, the use of technologies for work-related reasons could increase psychological demands at work, favoring the appearance of workaholism. Our study examines the impact of the frequency of this use on psychological demands at work and workaholism in a sample of 223 people at work from various professional backgrounds, by verifying whether there are differences between men and women. The results showed that the use of technologies (desktop computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone/mobile phone) for work-related reasons increases psychological demands felt at work, consequently favoring the appearance of the two components of workaholism (working excessively and working compulsively) in men and women. In addition, the results show us gender differences: the strength of the relationship between the use of technologies for work-related reasons and working excessively, partially mediated by psychological demands at work, was slightly higher among men than in women; strength of the relationship between the use of technologies for work-related reasons and working compulsively, partially mediated by psychological demands at work, was found just among men, whereas a full mediation was found among women. This research highlights the importance of investigating the mechanisms that may explain how the use of technologies for work-related reasons could enhance the risk of work addiction, by considering gender differences.     

Étude des liens entre la fréquence de pratique sportive et la santé des étudiants : mesure des effets de genre sur les troubles alimentaires et les consommations de substances

A number of previous studies have focused on the effect of sport practice on eating disorders and substance use. Most of these studies suggest that among students sport practice is related to low levels of health issues like eating disorders and substance use. However, there is a relative dearth of evidence for these relationships and previous findings are based on comparisons between people involved in sport practice and physical activity and sedentary or largely inactive people. The present study aims to test the effects of frequency of sport practice on college students’ eating disorders and substance use when also controlling for gender effects.MethodsOne thousand and seventy-three first year college students (35.6% boys, 64.4% girls) volunteered to participate in the study. Participants were divided into three groups according to the frequency of their sport practice: students who rarely participated in sport practice (less than one hour a week and not every week; 406 students, 26.4% boys vs 73.6% girls), students who frequently participated in sport practice (every week but less than eight hours a week; 173 students, 33.5% boys vs 66.5% girls), and students who had intensive sport practice (eight hours a week or more; 494 students, 43.9% boys vs 56.1% girls). Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use were assessed using the Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Three different categories of eating disorders (Dieting, Bulimia, Oral control) were assessed using the EAT-26 inventory. ANOVAs were computed to test for gender differences across the three sport practice groups.ResultsResults of univariate ANOVAs revealed main effects for gender and sport practice on some of the substance use and eating disorder variables, ANOVA with multiple comparisons (Tamhan T Test) revealed a significant interaction effect of sport practice and gender on oral control and tobacco use. For girls, oral control and tobacco use do not vary within the three groups of sport practice whereas for boys the more frequent the sport practice, the lower their scores on oral control and tobacco use. For oral control, boys reported significantly higher scores than girls only when sport practice was rare. For tobacco use, boys reported significantly higher scores than girls when sport practice was rare and lower scores when sport practice was intensive.ConclusionThese results suggest that the positive effects of sport practice vary by gender and that the campaigns for promotion of physical activity might assist in the prevention of health issues amongst students but should be adapted according to the gender of the participants.     

Approche historique de la lutte contre les épidémies et les pandémies par les « pouvoirs publics »

Omnipresent in the history of humanity, the epidemic risk seemed to spare us, we stored it in the history of medical thought and health law. The alerts of the past few years have not been enough to raise awareness, we are helpless in the face of an unknown scourge. A dive into history allows us, without further pretension, to recall the major stages in the fight against epidemics and pandemic.     

Le travail nomade,médiatisé et informel : influence de l’approbation sociale perçue et effets sur les addictions au travail et à Internet

Our study aims to clarify the nature of relationships between the social approval coming from personal surroundings, the mediatized and informal nomadic work modes and addictions to work (workaholism) and Internet. Many studies have showed the fact that workers adapt their working hours or workplaces when their relatives disapprove distant work practices. Other studies highlight the risk for health generated by mediatized and distant work. Data collected from a sample of 231 French workers in nomadic, mediatized and informal work situations indicate that perceived social approval significantly influences the modalities of these situations, which in turn affect the levels of work and technology addiction.     

Sensibilisation interactive versus informative concernant les besoins scolaires des élèves avec autisme en collège : modifier les représentations et les pratiques inclusives des pairs, étude préliminaire

Because handicap is the result of how the environments of a person and his/her disorders interact (Chamak, 2018; Poutoux, 2011), the question of supporting this person with disabilities becomes an unavoidable thematic. This study focusses on the scholarship of pupils with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) whose prevalence amounts to one birth on hundred (APA, 2015 – DSM-5), and especially on a kind of support towards their human environment, the less studied. It deals with the sensitization of the school classmates of a pupil with ASD, aged 14. The pupils’ sensitization allows us to measure the changes in representations and inclusive actions after sensitization. This question seems to be sensitive because too many pupils leaving school aged 15 years old have an ASD . As part of a preliminary study, we submitted two kinds of sensitization (informative vs. interactive) to two groups of neurotypic pupils aged 14 years old (who have a classmate with ASD in their classroom). A survey has been filled before and after the sensitization in order to assess the changes in representation and inclusive actions to engage with their ASD classmate to foster his/her apprenticeship. The pupils who benefitted from the interactive sensitization evolve the most: both in the understanding of the special needs of the ASD classmate and in the supportive actions to help their classmate in the classroom. The pupils who received the informative sensitization evolve only in their representations of the special needs of the ASD classmate. The results, which have yet to be confirmed in larger studies, are discussed in the light of inclusive politics and the needs to assess the different kinds of sensitizations towards the human school environment.     

Revue des modèles en évaluation de formation : approches conceptuelles individuelles et sociales

This review presents the most representative models used to carry out training evaluations. After a recall of the practices, resistances and possible measurements in training evaluation, an overview of the principal models is carried out. The Kirkpatrick's four level-model, in particular, is presented and discussed, as well as the CIRO of Ward, Bird and Rackham aimed at posing the problem of the effectiveness of training, taking into consideration its adequacy to the needs and the contexts of the training. The Kraiger's model on the levels of learning and the synthesis of Beech and Leather are also presented. At a practical level, the finalities, methods and stakes of such evaluations are discussed. At the theoretical level, the discussion relates to the need to take into account the interactions between the stakeholders of the training.     

Influence du leadership habilitant sur le bien-être au travail et l’engagement organisationnel : étude comparative entre une organisation « habilitante » et une organisation « classique »

This article presents a comparative study between two types of organizations in order to examine the influence of the empowering leadership style on employee's well-being and affective commitment. Based on a questionnaire filled-in by 428 employees, the results highlight the positive effect of empowering leadership on the collaborator's affective commitment, through a partial mediation of the well-being. Contrary to our expectations, this effect is not stronger within the “empowering” organization compared to the “classic” one. The identification of the specific effects of each four dimensions of empowering leadership brings some new theoretical insights and invites organizations to promote managerial practices relying on meaning at work and trust.     

Adaptation et validation francophone d’une échelle de la spiritualité au travail

Most researchers working on the thematic of workplace spirituality recognize the importance of its relationships with individual and organizational performance. However, no scale for assessing it has been translated and validated in a French-speaking context. Therefore, this study aims to validate the adaptation of the “Workplace spirituality” scale. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses were carried out on all data collected from 623 participants working in France. The results revealed a five-factor solution: “Transcendence”, “Alignment with the organization values”, “Mindfulness”, “Compassion” and “Meaningful work”, as well as satisfactory psychometric qualities. The discussion presents the reasons why the French version is valid and identifies some of the limitations of this study.     

Développement des collectifs de travail et développement de la sécurité : une étude sur les décisions à risque en anesthésie

This article highlights the collective dimensions of risk management for patients before an anesthesia. After a phase of observation of real activity, interviews were conducted with 20 anesthetists from two French hospitals. The analysis reveals interindividual diversity in practices. This diversity is explained by the inclusion, in decisions, of knowledge about “distributed” skills in the team and about local “shared practice”. The results establish a link between the site where the anesthetists are working and the choice of an anesthetic technique. They also show that the positioning of anesthetist vis-à-vis the “shared practice” is significantly related to their seniority in the profession. These results open perspectives for research and intervention for the joint development of collective work and safety.     

Authenticité et bien-être au travail : une invitation à mieux comprendre les rapports entre le soi et son environnement de travail

The present literature review on authenticity and well-being at work sought to define the concept of authenticity and discuss the influence of authenticity on workers’ well-being. First, two views on authenticity are emerging from the literature review: interpersonal authenticity and intrapersonal authenticity. Second, well-being at work is defined, followed by a definition of well-being according to two philosophical views: hedonism and eudemonia. Goldman and Kernis’ model (2002), comprised of cognitive and behavioural dimensions, is presented. Some results supporting the relationship between authenticity and well-being are described. Limits and practical implications are discussed.     

Une étude sur le rôle modérateur des traits de personnalité sur la relation entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail et la détresse psychologique

This study is about psychological distress lived by Canadian workers. Only a few studies considered personal traits in the comprehension of this phenomenon. This study aims to determine the moderator role of self-esteem, the sense of control and the sense of cohesion on the relation between the work organization conditions and psychological distress. Some longitudinal data (n=7338 workers) coming from five cycles (1994-2003) of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) have been used to complete some multilevel analysis (n1=time and n2=individual). The results indicate that the sense of control and the sense of cohesion play a moderator role on the relation between some of the work organization conditions and the level of psychological distress.