信息和独立性对投资者羊群行为影响的实验研究

本研究使用实验法研究了个体投资者的羊群行为。研究发现:信息对称性和个性心理特征中的独立性对投资者的羊群行为的影响显著,它们之间存在交互作用,共同影响投资者的羊群行为倾向;信息对称性和个性心理特征中的独立性对投资者的投资绩效的影响显著,它们之间不存在交互作用。     

我国投资者心理特质与心理分类的研究

由于证券投资已成为当代中国人经济生活的重要组成部分,因而深入研究投资者的心理特质与心理分类,对于推动我国证券市场健康发展以及促使投资者形成理性投资决策具有重要的现实意义。本研究发现：我国投资者的心理特质差异可以从果断冒险、轻松乐观、理智冷静、犹豫依赖、耐心谨慎这五个因素进行分析;投资者可分为冷静保守型、冒险型与乐观保守型三类。     

抱怨行为的形成机制：基于质性访谈

为了解个体的抱怨行为特点,研究采用质性访谈法,分别对13位抱怨者和配对的26位倾听者进行半结构式访谈,并运用扎根理论分析程序对访谈资料进行三级编码。结果发现,抱怨行为在本质、内容、动机、对象选择、表现形式、效果以及影响因素七大方面具有一般特征;抱怨的本质是在情绪性动机或工具性动机驱使下产生的间接性行为,这些间接性行为可能会产生负能量,传递给第三者。研究从实证角度为抱怨的双重路径模型提供了证据支撑,同时也深化了对日常情景中的抱怨的认识。     

中国证券投资者追风行为的实验研究

本文利用实验方法研究证券投资者的追风行为,因素方差分析结果证明投资者拥有的资金量对其追风行为倾向有着十分显著的主效应,而投资经验对其追风倾向没有显著的主效应。同时,两个因素之间存在显著的交互作用。研究结论对于我国证券市场的发展与监管提供了实验依据和政策启发。     

关于我国投资者从众行为的实证研究

由于广大投资者的行为决策与心理因素密切相关,因而深入分析从众行为对于投资决策的影响．对于推动我国证券市场健康发展以及促使投资者形成理性投资决策具有重要的现实意义。本研究发现：我国投资者从众行为的特征差异可以从信息权威性、关系亲密性、环境一致性、团组压力性、知识充分性、情绪稳定性、专注耐心性、信息敏感性这八个因素进行分析;投资者可分为“从众追风型”、“环境适应型”以及“独立稳定型”三类。     

关于我国成功投资者心理素质的实证研究

1　引言1 1　问题的提出随着我国证券市场的迅猛发展 ,截止 2 0 0 1年 6月 ,中国股民总数已突破 6 0 0 0万 ,证券投资正日益成为当代中国人经济生活的重要组成部分。由于广大股民的投资行为与其心理素质密切相关 ,因而深入分析心理因素对于成功投资的影响 ,对于推动我国股民投资心理的成熟具有非常重要的理论意义。同时 ,面对日趋成熟的证券市场 ,如何才能成为一个成功的投资者 ,他应具备何种心理素质 ,正日益成为投资心理学中一个具有现实意义的重大课题。1 2　关于成功投资者心理素质的相关研究心理学中所谓素质是指人生而具有的、带有遗…     

被拆迁者拆迁过程的心理定性分析

研究采用定性分析的方法,旨在探索我国被拆迁者在拆迁过程中的心理特征。通过对杭州下沙经济开发区的110名被拆迁者进行访谈、资料分析,从而对他们在拆迁过程中的意识和行为进行剖析。结果主要从心理状态、拆迁意识、拆迁计划、自我调节、社会支持和满意度6个方面来探讨拆迁者的心理过程。     

被拆迁者拆迁过程的心理定性分析

研究采用定性分析的方法,旨在探索我国被拆迁者在拆迁过程中的心理特征。通过对杭州下沙经济开发区的110名被拆迁者进行访谈、资料分析,从而对他们在拆迁过程中的意识和行为进行剖析。结果主要从心理状态、拆迁意识、拆迁计划、自我调节、社会支持和满意度6个方面来探讨拆迁者的心理过程。     

上海股民的投资行为与个性特征研究

采调查分析法,对上海的股票投资者进行了有关投资行为特点和个性心理牲方面的调查研究。结果表明：投资行为表现为中小投资者众多,资产组合单一等特点;经因素分析发现,影响股票投资绩效的主要维度是性格品质、能力、社会经济环境;气质是影响投资行为的一个重要因素,但对投资绩效没有影响。最后,文中对股票投资者提出了一些心理对策。     

自尊、防御机制与流浪儿童偏差行为的关系研究

本研究以北京、上海两地救助机构的41名流浪儿童为对象,通过半结构访谈、问卷调查等研究方法,对流浪儿童的心理特征和行为表现进行了深人研究和探讨.结果显示:(1)流浪时问对中间型防御机制有显著影响;性别对流浪儿童所采取的防御机制类型有显著影响.(2)流浪生活(流浪原因、是否有教唆者或加入特定组织、流浪次数等)对偏差行为有重要影响.(3)自尊缓冲不成熟防御机制对偏差行为的负向关系.     

心理契约破坏与员工建言行为的关系：领导成员交换的调节效应

采用问卷调查法,以中国移动广东分公司的253名员工为研究对象,考察心理契约破坏、领导成员交换与员工建言行为的关系,并检验领导成员交换在二者之间的调节作用。层次回归分析结果表明：（1）心理契约破坏与员工建言行为呈显著负相关;（2）领导成员交换与员工建言行为呈显著正相关;（3）领导成员交换显著调节心理契约破坏与员工建言行为之间的关系。当领导成员交换质量较佳时,心理契约破坏与员工建言行为之间的负向关系较弱。     

工作团队领导心理资本对成员组织公民行为的影响机制：多层次模型

本研究采用问卷调查法, 以某国有企业在10个地市的66个工作团队369名企业员工为调查对象, 在控制被试的教育程度、工作经验及人口统计学变量之后, 运用多层线性模型技术分析团队领导心理资本与团队成员心理资本及其组织公民行为的关系。结果发现：(1)工作团队领导心理资本对团队成员组织公民行为存在积极影响, 团队成员心理资本是领导心理资本与团队成员组织公民行为之间跨层次的中介变量; (2)工作团队领导心理资本对团队成员心理资本与组织公民行为关系的调节效应不显著。     

Type A behavior, achievement striving, and a dysfunctional self-evaluation system

We conducted two experiments to examine the relations among characteristics of how Type A individuals strive for achievement, including goal achievement, self-evaluation, and psychological distress. We evaluated these relations as subjects performed two sequential general information tests. Experiment 1 indicated that achievement striving associated with the Type A behavior pattern is characterized by a tendency to set personal goals in excess of performance and is associated with a low probability of achieving goals. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that the achievement strategy Type A individuals adopted was associated with low self-evaluation of their actual performance. Furthermore, a pre- and postexperiment self-report questionnaire of psychological state suggested that failure to achieve personal goals was related to increased psychological distress. The results of our study suggest that unrealistically high performance standards and failure to achieve personal goals may be a mechanism that triggers the negative psychological states and performance dissatisfaction associated with the Type A behavior pattern. Our study also supports theoretical conceptualizations that excessive achievement striving can act as a potential motivational mechanism but can also have potential pathogenic consequences through misregulation of achievement expectancy and evaluation.     

The Role of Job Seekers' Individual Characteristics on Job Seeking Behavior and Psychological Well‐being

The job search process is considered a complex and intensive procedure requiring investment in time and effort on behalf of job seekers. Our study attempts to explore further the effects of a number of individual characteristics on job search behavior, effort, job search outcomes, as well as, on psychological well‐being. We examined these relationships using a daily diary methodology with the participation of 79 recent university graduates–job seekers in Greece at the beginning of the recent financial crisis. Our results did not support the importance of these individual characteristics on job search behavior, effort, and job search outcomes, but it supported their role of daily psychological well‐being, especially their self‐esteem. We discuss implications for job seekers to cultivate these skills that are related to these individual characteristics helpful in maintaining a positive psychological state during the job search period.     

框架效应的应用研究及其应用技巧

个体的决策及偏好常会因信息的表达方式而变, 研究者将这种违背期望效用理论不变性的现象称之为“框架效应”。框架效应体现了人类非理性决策的普遍性, 也为合理利用人类的决策特点以干预其决策行为提供了重要契机。本文总结了框架效应在健康行为、市场营销及环保领域中的应用研究, 着重分析了数量信息的表达技巧, 如风险信息的呈现、数量单位的选择以及图形的物理属性设计, 旨在探讨如何在实践过程中通过变化信息呈现方式以实现对人类决策行为的重要影响。     

The Associations between Perceived Maternal Psychological Control and Academic Performance and Academic Self-Concept in Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs

This study examined the associations between perceived maternal psychological control and adolescent academic functioning in terms of academic performance and academic self-concept. The study also tested the possible mediating role of basic psychological needs to investigate how parental psychological control is related to child academic functioning. A sample of Chinese adolescents (N?=?338) completed a self-administered questionnaire on maternal psychological control, academic self-concept, academic performance and basic psychological needs satisfaction. Structural equation modeling was used for data analyses. Findings of this study revealed that Chinese adolescents’ perceptions of maternal psychological control were associated with their academic self-concept, and furthermore this association was mediated by adolescents’ basic psychological needs satisfaction on autonomy, relatedness and competence. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research directions were discussed.     

工作场所中的助人决策过程

本项目突破了以往研究过于聚焦“助人行为”这一瞬时行为的局限, 把工作场所中的助人决策理解为一种基于动态性心理契约的社会性风险投资决策过程, 认为人力资源管理的相关实践能够在组织内部为员工之间的这种社会性风险投资决策, 创建和维持适宜的投资环境, 促使员工愿意、能够、敢于进行助人这种社会性风险投资决策。基于上述思路, 项目首先构建工作场所中助人决策的过程机制模型, 然后就该模型与以往模型存在的核心差异——反思调整——进行深入探索。随后, 就影响助人决策投资环境的重要因素, 从人力资源管理职能的角度, 分别探讨工作设计和薪酬管理两个方面的重要变量对助人决策的影响机制。最后, 基于本项目研究成果, 提出能切实促进员工助人决策的、体系化的人力资源管理实践建议。     

Can We Talk? Self‐Presentation and the Survey Response

This paper explores how the personality characteristics of individuals affect the answers they give to questions on controversial political topics. In April and May 2000, a random-digit-dial survey of 518 Americans was conducted in the continental United States. This survey included question batteries measuring two psychological concepts related to self-presentation. Respondents were also asked about their opinion on a number of sensitive topics, such as feelings toward blacks and homosexuals and their opinions about spending on popular programs, including schools and the environment. Their responses to these questions varied as a function of their self-presentation personality characteristics. The results presented here suggest that self-presentation measures such as those assessed here can improve our understanding of how the social dynamics of the survey interview affect responses to sensitive questions.     

消费决策中羊群行为的心理机制

羊群行为是消费市场上的一种典型现象,它是指在不确定情境中,消费者模仿他人进行消费决策的行为。本研究通过模拟消费情境对消费者羊群行为的心理机制进行研究。研究1通过操纵观点的强弱研究消费者的信息加工方式。结果发现,消费者的羊群行为是消费者采用一致性启发式或能力启发式的结果。研究2进一步通过操纵群体内部的一致性程度考察两种启发式的作用条件。结果表明,在群体内部一致性程度高的情况下,消费者倾向于采用一致性启发式,与大众决策保持一致;在群体内部一致性低的情况下,消费者倾向于采用能力启发式,与专家的决策保持一致。     

Kin affiliation across the ovulatory cycle: females avoid fathers when fertile

A commonplace observation in humans is that close genetic relatives tend to avoid one another as sexual partners. Despite the growing psychological research on how antierotic attitudes develop toward relatives, few studies have focused on actual behavior. One prediction, stemming from parental investment theory, is that women should be more vigilant of reproduction-compromising behaviors, such as inbreeding, during times of peak fertility than during times of low fertility. Indeed, females of other species avoid interactions with male kin when fertile-but the corollary behavior in humans has yet to be explored. Here we fill this gap. Using duration and frequency of cell-phone calls, an objective behavioral measure that reflects motivations to interact socially, we show that women selectively avoid interactions with their fathers during peak fertility. Avoidance specifically targeted fathers, which rules out alternative explanations. These data suggest that psychological mechanisms underlying mating psychology regulate sexual avoidance behaviors, and in women they fluctuate according to fertility status.