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遗忘症患者外显与内隐记忆实验研究:语义性启动效应任务 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
采用WMS—CR和MMSE对临床脑损伤患者进行了认知功能与记忆功能两方面的筛选,获得9名遗忘症患者。然后采用偏好和自由联想两项语义性启动效应任务进行测验,发现遗忘症患者在外显记忆受损情况下,的确存在语义性启动效应,且与正常对照相近。推论语义性启动效应任务与遗忘患者损伤的颞叶或间脑结构无关。同时还讨论了启动效应任务,认为偏好任务采用言语性材料不是理想的方法。 相似文献
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FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF SEMANTIC MEMORY PROCESSES IN THE FRONTAL LOBES 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
John D.E. Gabrieli John E. Desmond Jonathan B. Demb Anthony D. Wagner Maria V. Stone Chandan J. Vaidya Gary H. Glover 《Psychological science》1996,7(5):278-283
Abstract— Frontal-lobe activation during semantic memory performance was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a noninvasive technique for localizing neural activity associated with cognitive function. Left inferior prefrontal cortex was more activated for semantic than for perceptual encoding of words, and for initial than for repeated semantic encoding of words. Decreased activation for semantic encoding of repeated words reflects repetition priming, that is, implicit retrieval of memory gained in the initial semantic encoding of a word. The left inferior prefrontal region may sub-serve semantic working memory processes that participate in semantic encoding and that have decreased demands when such encoding can be facilitated by recent semantic experience. These results demonstrate that fMRI can visualize changes in an individual's brain function associated with the encoding and retrieval of new memories. 相似文献
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Arthur P. Shimamura Jane M. Berry Jennifer A. Mangels Cheryl L. Rusting Paul J. Jurica 《Psychological science》1995,6(5):271-277
Abstract— Professors from the University of California at Berkeley were administered a 90-min test battery of cognitive performance that included measures of reaction time, paired-associate learning, working memory, and prose recall. Age effects among the professors were observed on tests of reaction time, paired-associate memory, and some aspects of working memory. Age effects were not observed on measures of proactive interference and prose recall, though age-related declines are generally observed in standard groups of elderly individuals. The findings suggest that age-related decrements in certain cognitive functions may be mitigated in intelligent, cognitively active individuals 相似文献
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汉语句子理解中语义分析与句法分析的关系 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
两个实验研究了中文句子理解中句法分析与语义分析的关系。实验1采用被试者自控阅读速度的方法,要求被试者对每个句子(合理句或不合理句)进行语法判断。结果表明,在歧义词(AW)和解歧词(DAW)上,合理句与不合理句的错误率存在显著差异,而反应时差异不显著。实验2研究了语境对句子理解的作用。结果表明,在有语境和无语境条件下,两类句子在歧义词和解歧词上的反应时,均有明显的差异。这些结果支持了句子理解中句法与语义加工的弱相互作用模型。 相似文献
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神经颗粒素(Neurogranin,NG)是一种新发现的脑特异性蛋白质。它分布在多个脑区,特别在对学习记忆至关重要的脑区海马。该物质自发现以来,许多学者对其生物学作用,特别是与学习记忆的关系进行了大量的研究,并取得了相当的进展。研究表明NG参与了在学习记忆功能中起核心作用的脑内几种蛋白信号传导途径、长时程增强(Long-term potentiation, LTP)和长时程抑制(Long-term depression, LTD)等突触可塑性机制。NG基因敲除后,动物出现学习记忆能力缺陷。因而它可能涉及学习记忆的形成和巩固 相似文献
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DISSOCIATION OF STORAGE AND REHEARSAL IN VERBAL WORKING MEMORY: 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
Edward Awh John Jonides Edward E. Smith Eric H. Schumacher Robert A. Koeppe Stewart Katz 《Psychological science》1996,7(1):25-31
Abstract— Current cognitive models of verbal working memory include two components a phonological store and a rehearsal mechanism that refreshes the contents of this store We present research using positron emission tomography (PET) to provide further evidence for this functional division In Experiment I, subjects performed a variant of Sternberg's (1966) item recognition task Experiment 2 used a continuous memory task with control conditions designed to separate the brain regions underlying storage and rehearsal The results show that independent brain regions mediate storage and rehearsal In Experiment 3, a dual-task procedure supported the assumption that these memory tasks elicited a rehearsal strategy 相似文献
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语义联系类型和强度对预期推理生成的制约作用 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
首先采用开放式问卷实验方法,由被试生成日常生活中的事件以及组成这些事件的各种活动和活动的参加者。然后,对这些事件熟悉性、对活动的典型性和可区分性三个维度进行主观评价,形成事件以及每个事件活动序列,并据此编制实验材料。实验主要考察活动的典型性和可区分性对于熟悉性高的事件的预期推理的影响,以及不同工作记忆能力的被试进行事件预期推理时的加工模式。实验结果表明:(1)高工艺记忆能力的被试对事件的预期量小于 相似文献
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句法和语义在汉语简单句理解中的作用 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
两个实验探讨句法和语义在汉语简单句加工中的作用及其相互关系。实验一采用施事判断任务,发现句法作用与语义可逆性的作用都很显著;实验二采用快速句子判断任务,发现句法作用是主要的,语义可逆性无显著作用;两个实验都发现句法与语义可逆性之间的交互作用不显著。这些结果表明:(1)在汉语简单句理解的过程中句法因素的作用是主要的,语义因素的作用是次要的,只要当实验任务更多地强调语义分析时,语义因素才有显著的作用。 相似文献
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该项研究通过设计4种实验条件,旨在探讨不同嗓音词的再认和嗓音判断过程各自的特点及其相互联系。4种实验条件是由2种诵读方式和2种测试方式组合而成,2种诵读方式为同范畴同嗓音和同范畴异嗓音,2种测试方式为视觉呈现和听觉呈现。52名大学生被试随机分成4个独立的组,分别接受一种实验处理。实验结果显示:(1)同范畴同嗓音条件与同范畴异嗓音条件相比,前者项目词的嗓音源判断效果好。提示增加相同记忆源项目间语义联系将有利于记忆源的检测判断。(2)项目再认与项目嗓音判断结果不完全一致,只有在诵读方式为同范畴同嗓音测试方式为听觉呈现情境下,两者有较高的正相关。(3)在同范畴同嗓音诵读条件下,再认反映出学习和测试通道源一致性优势效应,嗓音判断没有反映出通道源一致性优势效应。 相似文献
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Henry Jackman 《Metaphilosophy》2005,36(3):363-380
Abstract: While engaged in the analysis of philosophically central concepts, analytic philosophers have traditionally relied extensively on their own intuitions about when such concepts can be correctly applied. Intuitions have, however, come under increasingly critical scrutiny of late, and if they turned out not to be a reliable tool for the proper analysis of our concepts, then a radical reworking of analytic philosophy's methodology would be in order. One influential line of criticism against the use of intuitions argues that they only tell us about our conceptions of things, and not the things themselves. This venerable line of criticism can seem considerably strengthened if one endorses “externalist” accounts of meaning. Nevertheless, the move from semantic externalism to the rejection of intuitions will be shown to be illegitimate if one has a constitutive rather than expressive understanding of the relation between our intuitions and our concepts. 相似文献
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“我将试图作记忆的分析……因为记忆在某种形式上是几乎所有其他知识的先决条件”。 (伯特兰·罗素《心智分析》 ,192 1年 )“开始于智人 ,一种社会记忆器官的形成 ,它突显为人类进化的首要问题”。 (安德烈·勒鲁瓦 -古尔昂《手势与言语》 ,196 5年 )“Meme(密姆 )”和“Mneme(摹涅姆 )”、“Mnemosyne(谟涅摩西涅 )” 是两个新术语 ,前者出现于 1976年 ,另一个出现于 190 4年 ,而将记忆人格化为提坦时代就出现的神话形象 ,一位想象力产生的奇异的原始神灵 ,甚至存在于凡人起源之前。她的名字一直长久存在于神话的各时… 相似文献
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DOUBLE DISSOCIATION BETWEEN MEMORY SYSTEMS UNDERLYING EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MEMORY IN THE HUMAN BRAIN 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
John D.E. Gabrieli Debra A. Fleischman Margaret M. Keane Sheryl L. Reminger Frank Morrell 《Psychological science》1995,6(2):76-82
Abstract— Amnesic patients have impaired explicit memory that is evident in poor recall and recognition of words, yet can have intact implicit memory for words as measured by repetition priming, the enhanced efficiency for reprocessing those word's. The dissociation between explicit and implicit memory for words is a fundamental characteristic of normal cognition that could reflect two different functional architectures of the human brain two separate processing systems or two levels of operation of a single system with implicit memory less demanding of that system. We present a patient who has a lesion in the right occipital lobe and who showed intact explicit and impaired implicit memory for words. The deficit was specific to visual priming. The double dissociation between explicit and implicit visual memory for words indicates that separate processing systems mediate these two forms of memory, and that a memory system in right occipital cortex mediates implicit visual memory for words. 相似文献
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Michelle A. Marvin 《Zygon》2020,55(3):713-732
I explore the impact of memory altering technologies in the science fiction drama (2016–2020) in order to show that unreconciled altered traumatic memory may lead to a dystopian breakdown of society. I bring Miroslav Volf's theological perspectives on memory into conversation with the plot of Westworld in order to reveal connections between memory altering technologies and humanity's responsibility to remember rightly. Using Volf's theology of remembering as an interpretive lens, I analyze characters’ inability to remember rightly while recalling partial memories of their trauma. In virtue of this examination, I contend that memory altering technologies may inhibit individuals from relational processes of healing, such as forgiveness. Consequently, I argue that this study leads to a richer understanding of the potential that memory altering technologies have for undermining humanity's ability to interact in a relational capacity, specifically in terms of forgiveness. 相似文献