层次分析法（AHP）在独立学院教学质量评价中的应用

科学合理的评价，是提高独立学院教学质量的有效保证。目前，通用的教学质量评价指标不合理主要体现在三个方面：一是评价指标数量过少，有些指标体系设计过于简练，对课堂教学质量的评价很难有较全面、客观的反映；二是评价指标之间的权重不合理，无法区分不同指标的权重；三是评价指标不量化，无法客观衡量。只是采用近似定性的指标，最后的结果也无法准确反映课堂教学的实际质量效果。     

肿瘤内科治疗的疗效评价

肿瘤内科治疗是肿瘤综合治疗三大手段之一,在肿瘤治疗中占有举足轻重的地位。肿瘤内科治疗的疗效评价也逐步发展和完善。新的疗效评价指标逐渐被接受,延长生存期和提高肿瘤病人的生存质量已成为肿瘤内科治疗疗效评价的原则,临床肿瘤学工作者应转变观念,以利于更好地开展临床工作。     

生存质量研究与医学模式的转变

生存质量研究与医学模式的转变第一军医大学附属南方医院消化科（广州５１０５１５）张立力张振书严金海人的寿命由两部分组成：生存的数量和生存的质量。现代医学模式的转变使得医学工作者不再只靠测量病人的生存时间长短来评价医疗效果,而是越来越多地采用了生存质量的...     

肝癌的个体化治疗策略

肝细胞癌（肝癌）治疗手段已较10年前有较大变化,但国内尚缺乏较为统一的治疗指南。制定治疗指南的工作需以生存为主要评价指标,并采用临床病理指标或生物学指标将患者分类,然后比较各种治疗方案对该类患者生存的影响。     

生存质量与心律失常非药物治疗

生存质量的概念在９０年代广泛应用于临床,作为评价某一药物或某一治疗方法的手段之一。在心律失常的非药物治疗领域,正是引入了生存质量这一概念才使起搏器从单纯维持生命进展到双腔和／或频率应答。才改进生存质量,亦使快速性心律失常从手术治疗走向消融治疗。对高水平生存质量的追求是医患双方共同的目的。     

微创与开腹手术治疗胆管结石患者生存质量的比较

采用消化病生存质量指数（gastrointestinal quality of life index,GIQLI）前瞻性测定45例微创内引流一期缝合术与42例开腹胆总管探查术治疗肝外胆管结石在术前、术后2,4,8,12周的生存质量值。结果显示微创组较开腹组治疗肝外胆管结石更有利于患者术后恢复和生存质量提高,微创手术患者术后生存质量更好。     

慢性乙型肝炎诊断和治疗方法学探讨

探讨慢性乙型肝炎诊断和治疗的方法学。仔细谨慎评价病毒载量等指标,客观准确地把握治疗时机,重视情绪障碍和营养不当,恰当选择抗病毒治疗方案。尽力形成慢性乙型肝炎诊断和治疗的完善方法系统。     

慢性乙型肝炎诊断和治疗方法学探讨

探讨慢性乙型肝炎诊断和治疗的方法学.仔细谨慎评价病毒载量等指标,客观准确地把握治疗时机,重视情绪障碍和营养不当,恰当选择抗病毒治疗方案.尽力形成慢性乙型肝炎诊断和治疗的完善方法系统.     

临床心理干预对白血病患者生存质量影响研究

本研究按随机和匹配的原则,将64名白血病患者分入干预组和对照组。对于干预组进行了为期1 5天的临床心理干预,对照组仅接受相应的医学治疗和护理。以欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织编制的肿瘤患者生存质量量表(EORTCQLQ -C30 )为指标,观察临床心理干预对白血病患者生存质量的影响。结果发现,与对照组相比,干预组患者生存质量显著改善     

疼痛治疗方法在晚期癌痛病人中的应用

癌症是当今严重威胁人类健康和生命的疾病之一。解除癌症疼痛对改善晚期癌症患者的生存质量、延长生存期都具有十分重要的意义。癌痛的诊断和合理的疼痛评估是治疗癌痛的基础。癌症疼痛的治疗方法虽有多种,但其目的就是使用最佳方法解除患者痛苦,消除疼痛,从而提高生存质量。因此本文从科学的角度对晚期癌痛的治疗方法进行评价和阐述。     

老年结直肠癌的治疗

老年患者占结直肠癌患者的70%,因此老年人是结直肠癌的主要患病人群。为了提高结直肠癌治疗的总体疗效,我们应当特别关注老年性结直肠癌的治疗。以往,手术治疗和化疗的应用随着年龄的增高而明显减少。我们一直以为老年人手术和化疗的效果不令人满意。近期的研究改变了这一认识。证据表明辅助化疗和姑息性化疗对一般情况良好的老年人是有效而安全的。即使存在一些与年龄相关的基础疾病的老年结直肠癌患者仍然能从合理的治疗方案中获益。所以我们尚有许多工作需做,以提高老年性结直肠癌患者的疗效。腹腔镜下结肠癌根治术是对老年人安全有效的手术技术。我们期待随着经腔道的内窥镜手术技术的发展,将来会使老年性结直肠癌患者受益。     

Verbal memory abilities of children with brain tumors.

Several critical neuroanatomical structures and pathways for memory performance are located in the third ventricle region. This led us to predict that verbal memory abilities would be more impaired in children treated for third ventricle tumors compared to those treated for cerebellar tumors. Archival data was obtained from 24 pediatric patients with third ventricle region tumors and 18 pediatric patients with cerebellar tumors. Neuroradiological verifications of tumor involvement and hydrocephalus severity (i.e., Evans Index) on preoperative scans and MRIs proximal to the time of the neuropsychological evaluation were conducted. The potential confounds of hydrocephalus severity, seizure medication, age, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy were addressed. Verbal IQ was comparable between tumor groups and in the Average range. The third ventricle region group performed significantly worse on list learning and delayed list recall compared to the cerebellar group. Their mean performance was in the clinically impaired range on both trials. The third ventricle region tumor group performed better than the cerebellar tumor group on Digit Span, a basic repetition, attention span task. These findings support the hypothesis that pediatric patients with third ventricle region brain tumors are more likely to be impaired on verbal recall tasks compared to pediatric patients with cerebellar brain tumors. In contrast, patients who were treated for cerebellar tumors were more impaired on the basic repetition, attention span task compared to patients who were treated for third ventricle tumors. Future studies should examine the specific neuroanatomical structures and pathways that are damaged and may influence differential cognitive impairments in children.     

早期乳腺癌患者术后心理状况研究

早期乳腺癌的检出率越来越高,关注治愈率同时,人们越来越关心患者术后的心理状态及生活质量.本文对保乳术及根治术后5年患者进行心理调查.保乳组患者术后心理障碍发生率明显低于根治组.保乳组患者术后心理状况影响因素主要为术后美容效果,而根治组患者心理障碍发生率与年龄、职业、家庭收入相关.两种手术方式对患者5年生存率及无病生存率的影响无明显差异,所以对于早期乳腺癌患者,在符合保乳原则的前提下,保乳手术是一种既安全又能提高生活质量的手术方式.     

Verbal Memory Abilities of Children With Brain Tumors

Several critical neuroanatomical structures and pathways for memory performance are located in the third ventricle region. This led us to predict that verbal memory abilities would be more impaired in children treated for third ventricle tumors compared to those treated for cerebellar tumors. Archival data was obtained from 24 pediatric patients with third ventricle region tumors and 18 pediatric patients with cerebellar tumors. Neuroradiological verifications of tumor involvement and hydrocephalus severity (i.e., Evans Index) on preoperative scans and MRIs proximal to the time of the neuropsychological evaluation were conducted. The potential confounds of hydrocephalus severity, seizure medication, age, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy were addressed. Verbal IQ was comparable between tumor groups and in the Average range. The third ventricle region group performed significantly worse on list learning and delayed list recall compared to the cerebellar group. Their mean performance was in the clinically impaired range on both trials. The third ventricle region tumor group performed better than the cerebellar tumor group on Digit Span, a basic repetition, attention span task. These findings support the hypothesis that pediatric patients with third ventricle region brain tumors are more likely to be impaired on verbal recall tasks compared to pediatric patients with cerebellar brain tumors. In contrast, patients who were treated for cerebellar tumors were more impaired on the basic repetition, attention span task compared to patients who were treated for third ventricle tumors. Future studies should examine the specific neuroanatomical structures and pathways that are damaged and may influence differential cognitive impairments in children.     

THEORIZING RELIGION AND QUESTIONING THE FUTURE OF ISLAM AND SCIENCE

Will there be any joint future for science and Islam? Although such questions have recently received considerable attention, more basic questions are often ignored. This article aims at addressing some of those more basic questions through exploring the assumptions that underlie different possible understandings of the question about the future of Islam and science. By investigating the relation between conceptualizations of religion and the question about the future of Islam and science, it will be argued that different understandings of the concept of religion (i.e., whether it denotes real objects, whether it is universal, and whether it is belief centered) lead to extremely different readings of the question. Besides, it will be argued that different answers to the question about the future of Islam and science can be understood in terms of the inference to best theological explanation; thus, the criteria that one assumes for the best theological explanation result in different criteria for evaluation of the answers.     

Prevalence and Characteristics of Patients with Suspected Inherited Renal Cell Cancer: Application of the ACMG/NSGC Genetic Referral Guidelines to Patient Cohorts

Patients with suspected hereditary renal cell cancer (RCC) are under-referred for genetic evaluation. Characterizing the prevalence and characteristics of suspected inherited RCC is a crucial step toward advancing personalized, genetically-based cancer risk management for patients and their families. To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of suspected inherited RCC syndromes based on consensus criteria, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of patients with a diagnosis of RCC in SEER (2001–2011, n = 105,754) and in our institutional cancer registry (2004–2013, n = 998). Consensus criteria for referral of patients with RCC for genetic evaluation from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and National Society of Genetic Counselors (ACMG/NSGC) were applied to the two cohorts. The associations between meeting referral criteria with demographic characteristics were assessed with chi-square tests. Overall, 24.0 % of the SEER cohort and 33.7 % of our institutional cohort met ACMG/NSGC referral criteria for genetic counseling. While white patients more commonly met early onset clear cell RCC criteria, black patients met papillary RCC criteria at twice the rate of whites in both cohorts (p < 0.0001). As many as 1 in 5 individuals with RCC meet referral criteria for genetic evaluation based on newly emerging guidelines, with differences in pathology noted by race. Prospective genetic testing studies utilizing emerging referral guidelines should help to refine the genetic spectrum of inherited kidney cancer. This study supports efforts to increase awareness of referral of patients with RCC for genetic counseling particularly among urologic providers.     

Psycho-educational evaluations for university students in one clinic

The number of university students requesting services based on the Americans with Disabilities Act for learning disabilities and ADHD-related difficulties has increased, although there are limited reports in the literature describing these evaluations. The current study describes a sample of 140 individuals (59% women) who presented for psycho-educational evaluation at the university psychology clinic. The students were individually administered self-report, cognitive, academic, and attention measures as indicated, and diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Difficulties with mathematics, attention, and reading concerns were the most frequent presenting complaints. 46 students met criteria for one or more learning disorders and 20 students met criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD. Test scores are summarized and findings compared with the literature.     

晚期乳腺癌原发灶局部处理的若干问题

乳腺癌仍然是严重威胁女性健康的重大疾病。每年新发乳腺癌患者中约有6％为Ⅳ期乳腺癌,而这类患者5年生存率小于20％,局部处理（外科、放疗）可以根除局部病灶及微小转移灶,以延缓或者缓解症状,但是否可以带来生存获益尚无定论。本文对Ⅳ期乳腺癌原发灶的局部处理等方面的若干问题作一综述。     

树大招风：社交焦虑者的正性评价恐惧

正性评价恐惧是社交焦虑能够有效鉴别于抑郁症的核心特征。正性评价恐惧是指对他人给予的积极评价感到恐惧, 并因此而担忧的一种情绪反应。正性评价恐惧不仅会使社交焦虑者表现出否认积极认知、回避关注及情绪消极化等特点, 还会通过去正性化思维和解释偏向进一步加剧其认知偏差并抑制其正性情绪, 从而维持和加剧个体的社交焦虑症状。未来研究应关注正性评价恐惧在教育和咨询中的应用, 以及本土倡导谦虚文化背景下正性评价恐惧特点的研究。