L’impact du stress professionnel sur les intervenants SMUR

The aim of this work is to identify the situations of stress experienced by SAMU staff and to study the extent to which they can have an impact on burnout and the level of psychological distress observed in this population. Our sample consists of a group of 69 SAMU staff and a control group of 50 professionals working in hospital services. All subjects provided sociodemographic data and completed three clinical scales – the Job Stress Survey (JSS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) – and the clinical interview. This study shows that SAMU staff have low levels of professional stress, burnout and psychological distress per report with the personnel of the services of hepato-gastroenterology, endocrinology and digestive surgery. We discuss these results by examining the ability of the SAMU staff to manage situations of stress.     

Élaboration d’une représentation des comportements contre-productifs dans les équipes dirigeantes d’organisations

Despite the important role top management teams play in the success of organizations, counterproductive behaviors taking place in those teams remain unrepresented in literature. This qualitative, inductive, and exploratory study aims to develop a representation of potentially harmful behavior to top management team functioning. Interview has been conducted with eight retreated top management team members. Following a thematic analysis, counterproductive behaviors were identified and organized in seven distinct patterns of behaviors. This study offers a representation of counterproductive behavior specific to top management teams, which was lacking in scientific and professional literature. Interventions from the top management teams’ leaders and consultants are discussed.     

L’influence des composantes du climat de travail sur l’habilitation des individus

The goals of this study consist, on the one hand, to verify the relationship between psychological empowerment and behavioural empowerment, and on the other hand, to verify whether employees’ empowerment may be positively influenced by different components of work climate, including job enrichment, role clarity, coworker support, leaders’ empowering practices, top management's empowering practices, and resources accessibility. This study also aims to test the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationships between the components of work climate and employees’ behavioural empowerment. The data were collected from 227 employees without managerial responsibilities. Results showed that psychological empowerment may intervene as a mediator between some work climate components (job enrichment, role clarity, and coworker support) and employees’ behavioural empowerment. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.     

L’impact de la reconnaissance organisationnelle sur la santé psychologique au travail des répartiteurs d’urgence

The purpose of this research is to measure the relationships between organizational recognition and workplace psychological health for emergency dispatchers by a predictif correlational design. Data collected from a secure online questionnaire sent to dispatchers via four emergency call centers (n = 155) measured psychological health at work (Gilbert et al., 2011) and organizational recognition (Brun and Dugas, 2005). The results of multiple linear regression analyses partially confirmed the hypothesized links between the two variables: they attested that organizational and co-worker recognition partially explained psychological well-being at work (R² = .25, p < .001) and psychological distress at work (R² = .30, p < .001) among emergency dispatchers.     

Gestion d’une transition et impact sur l’état de santé du personnel

This article is about a case of successful introduction of a technological change in a police department. It presents the links observed between the approach used to manage the transition and the perception that end-users reported regarding their stress, their health condition, and their efficiency at work. End-users of the new system reported a high level of satisfaction towards the method used, with few problems related to their stress, their health condition, and their global efficiency. People who reported such problems also reported more problems integrating the change. Close guidance provided to workers at field level and active support to enhance a fast mastering of the new skills seem to have played a major role.     

Validation du Questionnaire sur l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire (QIPSS) chez des parents d’élèves du primaire en contexte défavorisé et pluriethnique

IntroductionThe effect of parental school involvement on children's academic success has a long-standing basis in research. However, few validated measures of parental involvement exist.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the validity of the Questionnaire sur l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire (QIPSS), an instrument developed from a synthesis of existing parental involvement models in the literature.MethodThe validation sample included 711 parents of elementary students who mostly present an immigrant background. This sample was collected in five schools located in disadvantaged areas. This study includes two time points collected over 2 consecutive school years.ResultsThe QIPSS has good construct validity and satisfactory predictive validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses allowed us to generate a model of parental involvement comprising five dimensions, some of which predicting students’ academic performance a year later.ConclusionFindings are discussed in light of previous parental involvement studies. The QIPSS is proved to be a good tool to account for parental involvement in a research context. Nonetheless, children's outcomes other than academic success should be taken into account in future studies.     

L’instrumentalisation managériale des espaces de délibération formels: l’expérience des enseignantes du préscolaire/primaire

This study examines formal deliberation spaces’ structure and how they translate into collegial work structures. Based on a critical experientialist work theory and a materialist feminist perspective it considers formal deliberation spaces and teachers’ lived experiences. The methodology relies on a qualitative research design involving 25 primary school teachers and individual and group interviews. The results show many mandatory formal deliberation spaces within the work organization and highlight the limited possibilities for teachers to deliberate their day-to-day experiences within these spaces. The findings render visible the process by which the structure of formal deliberation spaces can be moulded and instrumentalized to benefit the administration and render invisible teachers’ lived experience, leading to institutional silencing.     

Norme d’internalité et libéralisme : impact du contexte de jugement sur la valorisation des explications internes

Two studies were conducted in order to test the hypothesis of an effect of context on the valorization of internal causal-explanations in work-related judgments. Participants evaluated four candidates to a job in an enterprise characterized by a liberal versus an authoritative management style. The four candidates adopted different explanations profiles, stressing internal explanations (Efforts or Traits) or external explanations (Situation or Luck). The first study (n = 86) implicated recruitment decision in the organization and the second one (n = 81), a promotion decision. In both studies, results showed a more positive evaluation of the two internal profiles, particularly of the Efforts profile. Results of the first study indicated that the differentiation between the profiles and the interjudge agreement were stronger in the liberal context than in the authoritative context.     

Comment les parents,les enseignants et les cliniciens évaluent les troubles du comportement externalisé du jeune enfant ? Étude de la variabilité des jugements évaluatifs et de son impact sur le développement de l’enfant

Present study aims at refining assessment of preschoolers’ behavior. Data was provided with questionnaires and observation on 118 preschoolers when recruited and 12 months later by their parents, their teachers and clinicians. The results confirmed high variations in informants’ ratings as well as negative effects of such variations regarding later child's development. The results imply the need for a multi-informant and multi-method assessment of preschoolers’ disruptive behavior. The implications of our findings for clinical purpose are discussed.     

L’impact du leadership participatif sur la réduction de l’incertitude et la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques des conseillers de Pôle Emploi

This study examines the extent to which the impact of participative leadership on emotions and on the satisfaction of psychological needs is mediated by a reduction in uncertainty among its collaborators. Among counsellors at Pôle Emploi, 108 were questioned on their perceptions of leadership, their uncertainties (i.e. role ambiguity, need for closure) and on indicators of psychological functioning at work (i.e. emotions and satisfaction/frustration of needs). The results reveal that only participative leadership is positively associated with our indicators of good psychological functioning and that this relationship is mediated by the ability of this type of leadership to regulate the uncertainty usually associated with organizational change. These results are discussed in relation to recent approaches to leadership in times of uncertainty.     

Traitement de l’information sociale et profils dans le harcèlement scolaire chez les adolescents

IntroductionBullying is an insidious aggressive behavior characterized by repetitiveness, imbalance of power (a bully dominating his victim) and intent to do harm. People can fall into four different categories: bully, victim, bully/victim or not involved. While numerous researchers have explored the psychopathological consequences of intimidation, few of them have studied the way students with different profiles process social information.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore whether there are specific ways of processing social information in relation to the bullying profile. We refer to the theoretical model of Crick and Dodge (1994) and assume that this information will be processed differently depending on the adolescent's bullying profile.MethodSeven hundred and seventeen (717) secondary school students took part in semi-structured individual interviews and answered several questionnaires related to bullying and social information processing mechanisms.ResultsThe main results show links between social information processing mechanisms and the bullying profiles. Bullies, victims and bully/victims show biases in their social information processing mechanisms at different stages of the model.ConclusionSpecific cognitive patterns seem to exist in relation to the bullying profile. These results provide a better understanding of the way adolescents process social information and open-up new perspectives for preventing bullying in schools.     

Contribution d’une catégorisation des RPS à la prédiction du stress et du burnout (ou du mal-être au travail) des soignants

Health-care professionals are strongly affected by distress at work. Our goal is to study the usefulness of a psychosocial risk measure, compared to a measure of psychosocial and organizational work constraints, on the prediction of distress among a population of caregivers. This measure is based on the categorization of psychosocial risk factors issued from the College of experts chaired by Gollac. Seven hundred and fifty-seven health-care professionals filled out a questionnaire composed of measures of psychosocial risks, psychosocial and organizational work constraints specific to caregivers, as well as stress and burnout. Results indicate that the measure of psychosocial risk better predicted the levels of stress and burnout than the measure of psychosocial and organizational work constraints.     

L’internalisation des stéréotypes chez les « petits » fonctionnaires : impact du contact avec le public et du prestige perçu

This paper focuses on the internalization of stereotypes among French office workers in the lower category (category C). More precisely, we investigated the impact of two independent factors on this internalization of stereotypes: the perceived external prestige and public contact. Results obtained using questionnaires completed by 175 office workers have mainly showed that, in accordance with previous studies, the external prestige perceived influence significantly the internalization of stereotypes. But, contrary to previous studies, the frequency of contacts with the public has no impact on the internalization of stereotypes in our sample. Our results invite furter work on this population of office employees who is, paradoxically, increasingly confronted with stereotypes but subject of very few studies.