当代农民价值取向现状的调查研究

本研究测量了来自江苏、福建、山东、辽宁、内蒙古和陕西 6个省份的586名农民的价值取向 ,并对其在年龄、教育水平、省份和婚姻状况等方面的特点进行了分析 ,结果表明 :(1 )中国农民的价值取向总体上是积极向上的 ,他们在重视正义公理、公共利益和法律规范的同时 ,也重视学习工作的重要价值 ;(2 )不同亚群体农民的价值取向之间存在一定的差异。     

当代中国工人价值取向:状况与特点

采用问卷调查法来自全国8省市的437名工人的价值取向现状进行了研究。结果表明：1．在总体上,当代中国工人具有积极向上的价值取向,重视品格追求、公共利益、工作成就、法规和家庭人伦前提的价值;2．性别、年龄、居住地和教育水平对某些方面的价值取向有显著的影响。     

服刑人员与普通民众价值取向的比较研究

目的：研究服刑人员价值取向的特点,以及与普通民众价值取向的差异。方法：使用中国民众价值取向调查问卷对242名服刑人员及131名普通民众进行测量。结果：服刑人员价值取向存在显著的婚姻状况、学历、年龄、犯罪历史、犯罪类型等方面的差异;与普通民众有差异。结论：服刑人员的价值取向不同于普通民众。     

小学儿童亲社会价值取向发展的实验研究

本研究采用问卷法对小学二年级、四年级和六年级学生共337人进行研究.结果表明,小学二、四、六年级儿童的亲社会价值取向在某些情境中存在差异.男女儿童的价值取向存在显著差异,女性比男性更加明确自己的价值取向,更愿意对受难者给予直接的关怀和帮助.不同价值取向的儿童在教师评价中表现出显著的亲社会行为差异.     

深圳与北京中学生价值观特点比较研究

采用中国人价值取向问卷对507名深圳和北京的中学生进行测查。结果表明:深圳归侨生与非归侨生在“法律规范取向”上差异显著。深圳男女中学生在“金钱权力取向”、“爱情取向”和“家庭取向”上两者存在显著差异。在“正义公理取向”维度上,深圳中学生和北京中学生差异显著,在“从众取向”、“家庭取向”和“公共利益取向”上,两者差异非常显著。     

不同年龄城乡青少年价值取向的多方法复合式分析

本研究采用多方法、多特征的新思路,以4种测量方法分析不同亚文化背景下424名青少年的集体──个体价值取向（collectivism－individualismvalueorientation）的特点及其发展变化趋势,试图在价值取向的理论构思和研究方法论两方面作新的探索。结果表明：（1）不同年龄段、不同地区的被试,其集体──个体价值取向存在着显著差异;（2）4种测量方法之间结果的相关非常显著,多方法复合式分析具有聚合效度;（3）在集体──个体价值取向方向上,我国被试更倾向集体。本研究在方法学上和交叉文化差异研究中都有其积极意义,为进一步研究提供了依据。     

传统价值取向对心理咨询与治疗中儿童权利的冲击

在儿童心理咨询与治疗中,儿童享有获得治疗权、同意治疗权、拥有隐私权和个人名誉权等权利。在心理咨询与治疗中,对于来访者权利的保护已经得到了公认,但作为特殊的群体,儿童在心理咨询与治疗中的权利常被忽视。就中国文化而言,中国传统的价值取向是造成这一现象的原因之一。研究者认为中国人在日常生活中的适应方式是偏向社会取向的,这种社会取向有4个内涵,分别是家族取向、关系取向、权威取向和他人取向。因此,当以西方理论为主要指导的儿童心理咨询运用到中国社会时,必然会受到中国传统价值取向的影响,这些传统价值取向通过对儿童父母或民众观念的影响,进而冲击心理咨询与治疗中儿童权利的保护。     

青少年学生自我价值感特点的初步研究

采用《青少年学生自我价值感量表》对初中一年级到大学四年级共２１８７名青少年学生进行问卷调查,结果发现：（１）不同年级的学生在总体自我价值感、社会取向和个人取得的自我价值感方面差异极显著。（２）男生个人取向的自我价值感显著高于女生,女生社会取向的自我价值感则显著高于男生;男生个人取向的道德价值感高于女生,女生的社会取向的道德价值感则高于男生。（３）重点中学的学生在总体自我价值感、社会取向和个人取向的自我价值感、个人取向的家庭价值感以及社会取向的心理价值感、家庭价值感方面均显著高于非重点中学的学生。     

社会价值取向滑块测验中文版的测量学分析

以大学生群体为样本,对社会价值取向滑块测验(The Slider Measure)中文版的心理测量学特征进行分析,并考察大学生社会价值取向分布的一般特点。研究结果发现滑块测验中文版的重测信度为0.76,与三优势测验的聚合效度为0.57;大学生社会价值取向的分布表现为亲社会者最多,个人主义者次之,竞争者最少的模式,且绝大多数亲社会者行为动机为追求双方相对收益最小化的平等取向;社会价值取向的类型分布在性别与是否独生子女维度上表现出较高的同质性与一致性。社会价值取向滑块测验中文版具有较好的信效度,可以作为测量中国大学生社会价值取向的有效工具。     

价值取向对大一新生普遍信任的影响:多重中介效应分析

采用价值取向滑块测验、人际反应指针量表和普遍信任量表,对329名在校大一新生进行问卷调查,检验了大一新生的价值取向、观点采择、同情关注与普遍信任之间的关系。研究结果发现价值取向、观点采择、同情关注和普遍信任之间均存在显著正相关;价值取向、观点采择和同情关注均可正向预测普遍信任;观点采择和同情关注在价值取向和普遍信任之间起多重中介作用。研究结果为大一新生群体中价值取向、观点采择、同情关注和普遍信任之间的动态关系提供了初步有效的数据支撑。     

城市农民新生活适应策略的结构特征：歧视知觉的预测作用

基于Berry等人提出的“移民适应理论”,考察了城市农民（失地农民和农民工）城市适应策略的结构特征及其与歧视知觉的关系.311名失地农民和461名农民工受邀填写城市适应策略问卷和歧视知觉问卷.结果发现：①中国城市农民（失地农民与农民工）对城市生活的适应策略主要由“分离策略”、“同化策略”、“角色认同混乱”和“混合策略”四种形态构成.②歧视知觉对城市农民的城市适应策略具有广泛而普遍的预测效力,歧视知觉水平越高,越倾向于选择分离、同化策略或陷入角色认同混乱;歧视知觉负向预测混合策略.③歧视知觉对城市农民的城市适应策略的预测方向和性质在一定程度上受其性别和受教育程度的调节.     

Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, and Values in Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, and African Americans

This study investigates the relationship between ethnic identity, self-esteem, value orientations, and perceived value congruence in 207 minority students. It also investigates within-group concordance and cross-cultural differences in value orientations. Dilemmas were used to measure value orientations and perceived congruence between personal and group values. A version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Phinney, 1992) and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (1965) were used to measure ethnic identity and self-esteem, respectively. Ethnic identity was positively related to self-esteem. The perception of value congruence was not related to ethnic identity or self-esteem. There was within-group concordance in the ranking of value solutions. In addition, the groups differed in the strength of ethnic identity, perceived value congruence, and the ranking of the value solutions.     

Workers' central life interests and personality characteristics

Industrial workers who perceive work as their central life interest (CLI) also describe themselves as having a higher level of decisiveness, initiative, and supervisory ability than workers with other CLI orientations. Workers with CLI orientations in nonwork institutions have the lowest scores on decisiveness, need for occupational achievement, and initiative, and the highest need for job security, of the groups studied. Workers with no anchored CLI had the highest need for self-actualization and need for occupational achievement, of all groups. These personality characteristics are seen as consistent with the CLI orientations of individual workers, suggesting that the personality does “fit” some institutional setting, but not necessarily all those in which the individual functions.     

Change in value orientations of Turkish youth from 1989 to 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in value orientations of Turkish youth from 1989 to 1995 and to see how changes in Turkish society affected the value orientations of Turkish youth. The Rokeach Value Survey (RVS; M. Rokeach, 1973) was administered in Ankara to 289 young people in 1989, to 318 young people in 1992, and to 397 young people in 1995. Results indicated that the value orientations of the Turkish youth in 1989 underwent major changes that were manifested in 1992, toward a more competitive and individualistic orientation. Similar characteristics were reflected in the value priorities of the young people in 1995, which indicates that values are modified to fit the changes the society experiences.     

Change in Value Orientations of Turkish Youth From 1989 to 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in value orientations of Turkish youth from 1989 to 1995 and to see how changes in Turkish society affected the value orientations of Turkish youth. The Rokeach Value Survey (RVS; M. Rokeach, 1973) was administered in Ankara to 289 young people in 1989, to 318 young people in 1992, and to 397 young people in 1995. Results indicated that the value orientations of the Turkish youth in 1989 underwent major changes that were manifested in 1992, toward a more competitive and individualistic orientation. Similar characteristics were reflected in the value priorities of the young people in 1995, which indicates that values are modified to fit the changes the society experiences.     

Conflicts between on-task and off-task behaviors in the classroom: the influences of parental monitoring, peer value orientations, students’ goals, and their value orientations

Students in class are sometimes torn between following the lesson and engaging in off-task behavior. In this paper, instead of classifying it as a form of deviant behavior, off-task behavior is reconstructed as a manifestation of students multiple motivations in the classroom. The study examines whether parental monitoring, peer value orientations, students’ personal goals, and their value orientations determine students’ motivational interference in these conflict situations. Participants were 348 students (mean age 15.24) from 16 classes of four high schools. A self-report questionnaire was used that combined a qualitative assessment of personal goals with a quantitative approach. Qualitative answers were coded and data was analyzed in a series of hierarchical linear models. As hypothesized, relationships between motivational interference and parental monitoring, peer achievement and well-being value orientations, students’ school- and leisure-related goals, as well as students’ achievement and well-being value orientations were demonstrated. Students’ own value orientations emerged to be the strongest predictor of motivational interference and mediated between parental monitoring and motivational interference. The results suggest that teachers should help students to reconcile their multiple values and goals in the classroom.