医学将成为一种新宗教吗——美国社会学家博格斯对当代医学模式的批判

1　科学拥有自己特殊的话语卡尔·博格斯 (ＣａｒｌＢｏｇｇｓ)是美国洛杉矶民族大学社会科学院的教授。他长期以来 ,在工业化、技术变革、社会力量的变化以及大众运动的语境下 ,对知识分子作用进行了深入思考 ,从而形成独有的知识分子理论。博格斯认为 ,知识分子是思想的生产者和传播者 ,从古希腊以来 ,知识分子的社会地位就是决定性的。知识分子团体在知识和权力之间、统治和合法性之间、社会运动和意识形态之间建立了一种联系。随着现代化的到来 ,知识分子的作用发生了根本的变化 ,日益失去了批判的、革命的本质。占主导地位的知识分子类…     

When Things That Were Never Experienced Are Easier to"Remember" Than Things That Were

Can things that were never experienced be more readily accepted on recognition tests than things that were experienced? A current explanation of false memory predicts that this can happen when things that were never experienced provide superior access to the gist of events. This prediction was tested in three experiments in which the task was to accept all test items that were consistent with the substance of previously studied material, regardless of whether they had been studied. Acceptance rates were consistently higher for some never-studied items (those that provided superior access to gist memories) than for studied items. This effect varied predictably as a function of manipulations of the strength of gist memories and their accessibility. These results have implications for the use of exploratory memory-interrogation procedures in psychotherapy and the law.     

Some Things Ought Never Be Done: Moral Absolutes in Clinical Ethics

Moral absolutes have little or no moral standing in our morally diverse modern society. Moral relativism is far more palatable for most ethicists and to the public at large. Yet, when pressed, every moral relativist will finally admit that there are some things which ought never be done. It is the rarest of moral relativists that will take rape, murder, theft, child sacrifice as morally neutral choices. In general ethics, the list of those things that must never be done will vary from person to person. In clinical ethics, however, the nature of the physician–patient relationship is such that certain moral absolutes are essential to the attainment of the good of the patient – the end of the relationship itself. These are all derivatives of the first moral absolute of all morality: Do good and avoid evil. In the clinical encounter, this absolute entails several subsidiary absolutes – act for the good of the patient, do not kill, keep promises, protect the dignity of the patient, do not lie, avoid complicity with evil. Each absolute is intrinsic to the healing and helping ends of the clinical encounter.     

"不明现象"终会明

笔者手中有这样一本出版物。这是前些年某省级科学技术出版社推出的一本科普读物,名曰:《人类面临不明现象》,从其文字的通俗易懂、生动有趣、引人入胜的特点来看,它的读者对象正是广大青少年。编著者在该书的前言中要求读者在阅读时"既不自囚于现代科学所能提供的认识客观世界的'取     

To Be or Never to Have Been: Anti-Natalism and a Life Worth Living

David Benatar argues that being brought into existence is always a net harm and never a benefit. I disagree. I argue that if you bring someone into existence who lives a life worth living (LWL), then you have not all things considered wronged her. Lives are worth living if they are high in various objective goods and low in objective bads. These lives constitute a net benefit. In contrast, lives worth avoiding (LWA) constitute a net harm. Lives worth avoiding are net high in objective bads and low in objective goods. It is the prospect of a LWA that gives us good reason to not bring someone into existence. Happily, many lives are not worth avoiding. Contra Benatar, many are indeed worth living. Even if we grant Benatar his controversial asymmetry thesis, we have no reason to think that coming into existence is always a net harm.     

五臺山推出八九一秋冬特色旅游项目

在首届中国五台山国际旅游文化节闭幕仪式上,为了达到旅游淡季不淡的目的,五台山向海内外游客隆重推出891秋冬旅游项目(即八项特色旅游活动、九大佛事活动、一个佛俗民情年).在秋季来临之际,五台山旅游将高潮迭起,好戏连台.此次推出的891旅游项目,将进一步彰显世界遗产地特有的风采.     

警惕互联网上的垃圾对青少年的负面影响

根据中国互联网信息中心公布的统计结果,1998年7月上网用户为117.5万,到2003年7月猛增至6800万。第十二次CNNIC调查结果显示,网民中18—24岁的年轻人所占比例最高,达到39.1％,其次是25—30岁(比例为17.2％)和18岁     

The Dark Night of Hope

This essay discusses the nature of hope and despair, and the difficulties of responding to the aged who have nothing left .. to hope for. Based in pan on the writings of Gabriel Marcel, it suggests that one can hope when reasons for doing so are insufficient or lacking. It characterizes this kind of hope, absolute or unconditional hope, as a mystery, and suggests that to respond to the failing aged we must put aside efforts to find reasons to hope in order to participate in its mystery. The essay challenges the idea that hope is a private, isolated act of the will and insists that it always occurs between persons.     

That All Children Should Be Free: Beauvoir,Rousseau, and Childhood

Simone de Beauvoir offers one of the most interesting philosophical accounts of childhood, and, as numerous scholars have argued, it is one of the most important contributions that she made to existentialism. Beauvoir stressed the importance of childhood on one's ability to assume one's freedom. This radically changed how freedom was construed for existentialism. Rather than positing an adult subjectivity that tries to flee freedom through bad faith, Beauvoir's account forces a recognition of a situated freedom that itself is also developmentally achieved. In this article, I explore the influence of Jean‐Jacques Rousseau on Beauvoir's discussion of childhood. By reading Beauvoir through Rousseau—who was one of her favorite authors—we see not just one but two accounts of childhood in Beauvoir's philosophical work. On the one hand is the idealistic childhood wherein the child is an apprentice to freedom. On the other is the constrained childhood whose product is apprenticed to the serious. I begin with a brief summary of Rousseau's Emile. Next, I offer some justification for reading Beauvoir alongside Rousseau before offering an account of Beauvoir's discussion of childhood. I end by exploring some of the implications of my reading for freedom.