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1.
Understanding the Subjective Point of View: Methodological Implications of the Schutz-Parsons Debate
The bone of contention that divides Alfred Schutz and Talcott Parsons in their 1940–1941 debate is that Schutz acknowledges
an ontological break between the commonsense and scientific worlds whereas Parsons only considers it “a matter of refinement.”
Schutz’s ontological distancing that disconnects the “world of consociates” where social reality is directly experienced in
face-to-face contacts, and the “world of contemporaries” where the Other is experienced in terms of “types” has been crucial
to social scientists. Implicated in the break is that all intellectual attempts to understand experiences of Others must be
based on the “models” constructed in the “world of contemporaries” (or “predecessors”); hence, epistemologically, to grasp
the subjective point of view with a here-and-now understanding is an outright impossibility. Based on a Schutzian perspective,
the author suggests that the sociologist must objectivize the Thou-orientations involved in his/her analysis in order that
s/he can possibility grasp the subjective point of view in objective terms.
相似文献
Wing-Chung HoEmail: |
2.
Olli Pyyhtinen 《Human Studies》2008,31(3):279-298
The essay discusses the philosopher and sociologist Georg Simmel’s theorizing about the individual. Whereas it is typically
within the context of the modern metropolis and the mature money economy that Simmel’s ideas have been discussed in the secondary
literature, I render those ideas in another light by addressing the ontological and existential issues crucial to his conception
of the individual. In Simmel, the individual is divided between the “what” and the “who,” between the qualities which make
one something individual and one’s non-repeatable and finite existence which makes one someone singular. I argue that whereas the first dimension can be understood sociologically, in terms of social relations, the latter
is not accessible to sociology as such, but must be treated philosophically. Therefore, if we wish to address this duality
that lies at the heart of individuality, a “philosophical turn” for sociology is called for.
相似文献
Olli PyyhtinenEmail: |
3.
Peter Alward 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(2):235-255
In this paper, I argue, contra Perry, that the existence of locating beliefs does not require the abandonment of the analysis
of belief as a relation between subjects and propositions. I argue that what the “problem of the essential indexical” reveals
is that a complete explanation of behaviour requires both an explanation of the type of behaviour the agent engaged in and
an explanation of why she engaged in it in the circumstances that she did. And I develop an account of belief which encompasses
both explanatory roles and which still treats belief as a two-place relation between subjects and propositions.
相似文献
Peter AlwardEmail: |
4.
Wolfgang Fasching 《Continental Philosophy Review》2009,42(2):131-148
In this paper I discuss the nature of the “I” (or “self”) and whether it is presupposed by the very existence of conscious experiences (as that which “has” them) or whether it is, instead, in some way constituted by them. I argue for the former view and try to show that the very nature of experience implies a non-constituted synchronic
and diachronic transcendence of the experiencing “I” with regard to its experiences, an “I” which defies any objective characterization.
Finally I suggest that the self, though irreducible to inter-experiential relations, is not a “separately existing entity”,
but should be conceived of as a dimension, namely the dimension of first-personal manifestation of the experiences.
相似文献
Wolfgang FaschingEmail: |
5.
James G. Hart 《Axiomathes》2008,18(4):407-424
Although the connections of Hedwig Conrad-Martius’ ontological phenomenology, what she called, “realontology,” to Husserl’s
transcendental phenomenology were constant concerns that usually remained in the background of her work, on occasion they
became foreground. Similarly the problems surrounding the individuation of the person and spirit were persistent but rather
marginal in her writings. In this paper I want first to review some of the issues as they are connected to ontological and
transcendental phenomenology. Then I want to relate them to the cosmological and theological issues that were no less important
for Conrad-Martius.
相似文献
James G. HartEmail: |
6.
David Braun 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(2):243-262
I criticized Jeffrey King’s theory of complex demonstratives in “Problems for a Quantificational Theory of Complex Demonstratives.”
King replied in “Complex Demonstratives as Quantifiers: Objections and Replies.” I here comment on some of King’s replies.
相似文献
David BraunEmail: |
7.
Chris R. Schlauch 《Pastoral Psychology》2006,55(1):61-80
This essay considers how we “create meaning” in the interplay of “felt sense” and “symbols,” and examines the direct and immediate interplay between some common everyday experiences and a series of concepts from psychoanalytic perspectives to reveal how this interplay has affinities with religion. Psychoanalysis and religion are overlapping projects. Psychoanalytic symbolizing of experience facilitates our knowing features of religion not previously known, as well as knowing features previously known, in new ways.
相似文献
Chris R. SchlauchEmail: |
8.
Enactive appraisal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Giovanna Colombetti 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2007,6(4):527-546
Emotion theorists tend to separate “arousal” and other bodily events such as “actions” from the evaluative component of emotion
known as “appraisal.” This separation, I argue, implies phenomenologically implausible accounts of emotion elicitation and
personhood. As an alternative, I attempt a reconceptualization of the notion of appraisal within the so-called “enactive approach.”
I argue that appraisal is constituted by arousal and action, and I show how this view relates to an embodied and affective
notion of personhood.
相似文献
Giovanna ColombettiEmail: |
9.
The Problem of Moral Spontaneity in the Guodian Corpus 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Edward Slingerland 《Dao》2008,7(3):237-256
This paper discusses certain conceptual tensions in a set of archeological texts from the Warring States period, the Guodian
corpus. One of the central themes of the Guodian corpus is the disanalogy between spontaneous, natural familial relationships
and artificial political relationships. This is problematic because, like many early Chinese texts, the Guodian corpus believes
that political relationships must come to be characterized by unselfconsciousness and spontaneity if social order is to prevail.
This tension will be compared to my earlier work on the “paradox of wu-wei (effortless action),” and the Guodian corpus’ “solution”
to the problem of teaching spontaneity—drawing upon the transformative power of music—will be placed within the landscape
of early “Confucian” and “Daoist” theories concerning human nature and self-cultivation.
相似文献
Edward SlingerlandEmail: |
10.
Victoria S. Harrison 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):97-110
Internalist pluralism is an attractive and elegant theory. However, there are two apparently powerful objections to this approach
that prevent its widespread adoption. According to the first objection, the resulting analysis of religious belief systems
is intrinsically atheistic; while according to the second objection, the analysis is unsatisfactory because it allows religious
objects simply to be defined into existence. In this article, I demonstrate that an adherent of internalist pluralism can
deflect both of these objections, and in the course of so arguing, I deploy a distinction between “conceptual-scheme targetability”
and “successful conceptual-scheme targeting”.
相似文献
Victoria S. HarrisonEmail: |
11.
Daniel E. Flage 《Philosophia》2009,37(3):379-380
This note is a reply to some of Giovanni Grandi’s comments on my paper “Berkeley’s Contingent Necessities.”
相似文献
Daniel E. FlageEmail: |
12.
In this article we defend the inferential view of scientific models and idealisation. Models are seen as “inferential prostheses”
(instruments for surrogative reasoning) construed by means of an idealisation-concretisation process, which we essentially
understand as a kind of counterfactual deformation procedure (also analysed in inferential terms). The value of scientific
representation is understood in terms not only of the success of the inferential outcomes arrived at with its help, but also
of the heuristic power of representation and their capacity to correct and improve our models. This provides us with an argument
against Sugden’s account of credible models: the likelihood or realisticness (their “credibility”) is not always a good measure
of their acceptability. As opposed to “credibility” we propose the notion of “enlightening”, which is the capacity of giving
us understanding in the sense of an inferential ability.
相似文献
Xavier de Donato RodríguezEmail: |
Jesús Zamora Bonilla (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
Paweł Rojek 《Axiomathes》2008,18(3):359-377
Universals are usually considered to be universal properties. Since tropes are particular properties, if there are only tropes,
there are no universals. However, universals might be thought of not only as common properties, but also as common aspects
(“determinable universals”) and common wholes (“concrete universals”). The existence of these two latter concepts of universals
is fully compatible with the assumption that all properties are particular. This observation makes possible three different
trope theories, which accept tropes and no universals, tropes and determinable universals and tropes and concrete universals.
相似文献
Paweł RojekEmail: |
14.
Psychologists who have historically focused on relationships have tended to underestimate the radical nature of human relationship.
A “serious” or an ontological relationality would change the nature of psychotherapy. We describe this change in a discussion
of two approaches to relationship, weak and strong relationality. We argue that weak relationality, the general conception
of relationship in mainstream psychology, does not ultimately take even the therapeutic relationship seriously. We then discuss
and illustrate ten practical implications that a strong relationality would have for psychotherapy.
相似文献
Brent D. SlifeEmail: |
15.
John J. Drummond 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2008,7(1):35-49
This paper distinguishes between two senses of the term “phenomenology”: a narrow sense (drawn from Nagel) and a broader sense
(drawn from Husserl). It claims, with particular reference to the moral sphere, that the narrow meaning of moral phenomenology
cannot stand alone, that is, that moral phenomenology in the narrow sense entails moral intentionality. The paper proceeds
by examining different examples of the axiological and volitional experiences of both virtuous and dutiful agents, and it
notes the correlation between the phenomenal and intentional differences belonging to these experiences. The paper concludes
with some reflections on how the focus on the broader sense of “phenomenology” serves to provide a more precise sense of what
we might mean by “moral phenomenology.”
相似文献
John J. DrummondEmail: |
16.
This article examines the common-sense and methodical ways in which “the citizen” is produced and enrolled as an active participant
in “sustainable” regional planning. Using Membership Categorization Analysis, we explicate how the categorization procedures
in the Foreword of a draft regional planning policy interactionally produce the identity of “the citizen” and “civic values
and obligations” in relation to geographic place and institutional categories. Furthermore, we show how positioning practices
establish a relationship between authors (government) and readers (citizens) where both are ascribed with the same moral values
and obligations toward the region. Hence, “the citizen” as an active participant in “sustainable” regional planning is viewed
as a practical accomplishment that is underpinned by a normative morality associated with the task of producing orderliness
in “text-in-interaction.”
相似文献
Barbara AdkinsEmail: |
17.
Tomasz Szkudlarek 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2007,26(3):237-252
The paper assumes that education is part of the process of discursive construction of society. The theoretical framework on
which this argument is based includes Ernesto Laclau’s theory of the “ontological impossibility and political necessity of
society”, and the role discourse and empty signifiers play in the establishment of political identities. Laclau’s theory is
supplemented here by ideas of Derrida, Lacan, Žižek and Marx, and by other traits in contemporary semiotics that relate to
the notion of “the void” in semantic systems. My claim is that empty signifiers, crucial to the production of the totality
of society, are discursively produced, among others, in pedagogical debates. This is illustrated by one historical example
(Rouuseau), which gives ground for more contemporary analyses, and on the basis of the present economic discourse of educating
and the idea of “knowledge society”. The main conclusion is that education, in contemporary discourse of learning, becomes
a neurotic symptom of the lack of overt domination in social relations.
相似文献
Tomasz SzkudlarekEmail: |
18.
J. Angelo Corlett 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2008,6(3):205-209
This paper amounts to a reply to Professor Donald G. Brown’s thoughtful comment on my “Ethical Issues in Journal Peer-Review”,
which appeared in this journal.
相似文献
J. Angelo CorlettEmail: |
19.
Maxine Sheets-Johnstone 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2007,6(3):327-348
This article identifies already existing theoretical and methodological commonalities between evolutionary biology and phenomenology,
concentrating specifically on their common pursuit of origins. It identifies in passing theoretical support from evolutionary
biology for present-day concerns in philosophy, singling out Sartre’s conception of fraternity as an example. It anchors its
analysis of the common pursuit of origins in Husserl’s consistent recognition of the grounding significance of Nature and
in his consistent recognition of animate forms of life other than human. It enumerates and exemplifies five basic errors of
continental philosophers with respect to Nature, errors testifying to a philosophical fundamentalism that distorts the intricate
interconnections and relationships of Nature in favor of a preferred knowledge rooted in ontological reductionism. It shows
that to discover and appreciate the common ground, one must indeed study “the things themselves.”
相似文献
Maxine Sheets-JohnstoneEmail: |
20.
Gregory Landini 《Axiomathes》2009,19(2):115-142
This is a critical discussion of Nino B. Cocchiarella’s book “Formal Ontology and Conceptual Realism.” It focuses on paradoxes
of hyperintensionality that may arise in formal systems of intensional logic.
相似文献
Gregory LandiniEmail: |