Substantial Knowledge: Aristotle's Metaphysics

Book Information Substantial Knowledge: Aristotle's Metaphysics. Substantial Knowledge: Aristotle's Metaphysics C.D.C. Reeve Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. 2000 xviii + 322 US$34.95 By C.D.C. Reeve. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.. Pp. xviii + 322. US$34.95,     

REVIEWS

MAURICE MERLEAU—PONTY: BETWEEN PHENOMENOLOGY AND STRUCTURALISM by James Schmidt. Macmillan
ORIGEN, by Joseph Trigg.
THOMAS D'AQUIN: SOMME THEOLOGIQUE
JESUS: WHO HE IS-AND HOW WE KNOW HIM by E.L. Mascall. Carton
GOD OF CHANCE, BY D.H. Bartholomew
A GALILEAN RABBI AND HIS BIBLE: JESUS' OWN INTERPRETATION OF ISAIAH BY Bruce Chilton
THE JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN WORLD 200 B.C. TO A.D. 200. Cambridge Commentaries on writings of the Jewish and Christian World 200 B.C. to A.D. 200, vol. 7, 1984. A.R.C. Leaney     

Class-consistent Differential Reinforcement And Stimulus Class Formation In Pigeons

Match-to-sample training clusters of A1 (sample): B1/B2 (comparisons), A2: B2/B1, B1: A1/A2, B2: A2/A1, B1: C1/C2, B2: C2/C1, C1: B1/B2, and C2: B2/B1 were presented to pigeons with class-consistent differential reinforcement using two dissimilar types of food reinforcers. Distinctive class-consistent response patterns occurred to the samples during the fixed-ratio 5 sample observing response requirement. Subsequent tests, modeled from the equivalence class paradigm demonstrated the emergence (80% class consistent) of the transitive-like A-C and C-A relations for 4 and 2 of 12 pigeons, respectively, and a strong trend (over 70%) for 7 and 6 others, respectively; the emergence of the reflexive-like identity relation when the nonidentical comparison was from the other class; and the disruption of the trained within-class relation with the addition of a reflexive comparison. After directional training of C1: D1/D2 and C2: D2/D1, tests indicated no emergence of the symmetric-like D-C relation or the composite D-B and D-A relations, but the B-D and A-D transitive-like relation occurred with some pigeons. Off-baseline training with class-consistent differential reinforcement contingent on responding to the D stimuli alone produced distinctive responding and, in turn, a trend to D-C symmetric-like control in 4 of 12 pigeons, as well as a shift toward class-consistent control on D-B and D-A test trials. Class-consistent differential reinforcement that produced distinctive sample behavior promoted stimulus control relations like those that circumscribe equivalence class formation. Respondent—operant interactions permit an analysis of the possible enrollment of stimulus values of distinctive responding to the discriminative stimuli forming the stimulus classes via processes corresponding to naming in humans.     

Little hans's transference

D. W. Winnicott: Playing and Reality. Tavistock Publications, London, 1971. Pp. xiii and 151. Price £2.10.

Louis Minski, M.D., F.R.C.P., D.P.M., and Margaret J. Shepperd, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.P.M.: Non-communicating Children. Butterworths, London, 1970. Price £2.50.

I. Salzberger-Wittenberg: Psycho-Analytic Insight and Relationships: A Kleinian Approach. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970. Price £1.50.

Ed. T. C. N. Gibbens and Robert H. Ahrenfeldt: Cultural Factors in Delinquency. Social Science Paperbacks, Tavistock Publications. Price 75p.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Learning Through Games by Elliot Carlson. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press Stress and Campus Response edited by G. Kerry Smith. Therapeutic Psychology: Fundamentals of Actualization Counseling and Psychotherapy by Lawrence M. Brammer and Everett L. Shostrom. Second Edition. Guidance Monograph Series 3: Testing edited by Shelley C. Stone and Bruce Shertzer. Class and Personality in Society edited by Alan L. Grey. The Motivated Working Adult by Ray C. Hackman. Pupil Personnel Administration: New Perspectives and Foundations edited by Vincent F. Calia and Bartholomew D. Wall. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas     

Re: Views

Book reviewed in this article: Love: Emotion, Myth, and Metaphor: Robert C. Solomon. Outsiders in a Hearing World: A Sociology of Deafness: Paul C. Higgins. Play Therapy: Dynamics of the Process of Counseling with Children: Garry L. Landreth (Editor); Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas. Social Learning and Career Decision Making: Anita M. Mitchell, G. Brian Jones, & John D. Krumboltz (Eds.) Behavioral Insights for Supervision: 2nd ed.; Ralph W. Reber and Gloria Van GilderEnglewood Clifs. Developing Positive Student Self-Concept: David L. Silvernail. Social Skills in Interpersonal Communication: O. Hargie, C. Saunders, & D. Dickson.     

Book reviews

Nesdale, A. R., Pratt, C., Grieve, R., Field, J., Illingworth, D. and Hogben, J. Advances in Child Development: Theory and Research. N.C.C.D., University of Western Australia. 1981. Pp. 267.

Holding, D. H. (Ed.). Human Skills. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 1981. Pp. xl + $303. £14.80. ISBN 0 471 27838 6.     

Scientific Meetings of The American Institute for Psychoanalysis

PSYCHIC TRAUMA AND ANNIHILATION ANXIETY, Presenter: Marvin Hurvich, Ph.D., Discussant: Martha Sermier, R.N., C.S., Date: October 16, 2003. DECEPTIVELY SIMPLE AND SIMPLY DECEPTIVE: SHAME AND DECEIT, Presenter: Benjamin Kilborne, Ph.D., Discussant: Janice Lieberman, Ph.D., Date: November 20, 2003     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this articles:
The Midwife of Platonism: Text and Subtext in Plato's Theaetetus . D avid S edley .
Gilles Deleuze's Difference and Repetition: a Critical Introduction and Guide . J ames W illiams .
John McDowell . M aximilian D e G aynesford .
Real Natures and Familiar Objects . C rawford E lder .
Natural Kinds and Conceptual Change . J oseph L a P orte .
Powers: a Study in Metaphysics . G eorge M olnar E dited with an I ntroduction by S tephen M umford and A F oreword by D.M. A rmstrong .
Anti-Individualism and Knowledge . J essica B rown .
Consciousness and its Objects . C olin M c G inn .
Reasonably Vicious . C andace V ogler .
Ethics Without Principles . J onathan D ancy .
Getting Even: Forgiveness and its Limits . B y J effrie E. M urphy .
Justice . B y H arry B righouse .
Faithful Reason: Essays Catholic and Philosophical . B y J ohn H aldane .
The Non-Existence of God . B y N icholas E veritt .
Art as Performance . B y D avid D avies .     

Reorganization of equivalence classes: effects of preliminary training and meaningful stimuli

In Condition 1, adults learned the baseline relations for the three equivalence classes A1‐B1‐C1‐D1‐E1, A2‐B2‐C2‐D2‐E2, and A3‐B3‐C3‐D3‐E3. Classes contained abstract shapes in the ABS and four preliminary training groups. Each class in the PIC group contained one picture and four abstract shapes. Before class formation for four other groups, preliminary training involved establishing identity (CC) or arbitrary (CX) relations either with or without a delay. Without preliminary training, classes formed with low and high likelihoods in the ABS and PIC groups, respectively. Preliminary training with no delay produced modest increases in class formation, while preliminary training with delay produced large increases in class formation. Condition 2 replicated Condition 1 but with training of reassigned BC and CD relations that linked C from one class to B and D from another class: B1‐C2, B2‐C3, B3‐C1, C2‐D1, C3‐D2, and C1‐D3. Subsequent tests assessed the emergence of the reorganized classes A1‐B1 ‐C2 ‐D1‐E1, A2‐B2‐ C3 ‐D2‐E2, and A3‐B3‐ C1 ‐D3‐E3. All preliminary training procedures increased likelihood of forming the reorganized classes to the level seen in the PIC group. Greater gains were produced by preliminary training with no delays than with delays. Test performances also showed how preliminary training influenced baseline acquisition speed and participant‐defined relations.     

Representation of serial order in pigeons (Columba livia)

In Experiment 1, 2 groups of pigeons were trained to respond to either a 4-item (A→B→C→D) or 5-item (A→B→C→D→E) list. After learning their respective list, half of the subjects were trained on a positive pair with reinforcement provided when pairs were responded to in the order true to that of the original sequence (4-item: B→C; 5-item: B→D). The remaining subjects were trained on a negative pair with reinforcement provided for responding to the pairs in the order opposite to that learned in the original sequence (4-item: C→B; 5-item: D→B). Subjects in the positive pair condition learned their respective pair faster than did subjects in the negative pair condition. In Experiment 2, after reaching criterion on a 4-item list, subjects received 16 BC probe trials spread across 4 sessions of training. Subjects performed significantly above chance on the probe trials. The performance of our subjects in Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrates that, similar to monkeys, pigeons form a representation of the lists that they learn.     

Using dynamic risk and protective factors to predict inpatient aggression: Reliability and validity of START assessments

The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START; C. D. Webster, M. L. Martin, J. Brink, T. L. Nicholls, & S. L. Desmarais, 2009; C. D. Webster, M. L. Martin, J. Brink, T. L. Nicholls, & C. Middleton, 2004) is a relatively new structured professional judgment guide for the assessment and management of short-term risks associated with mental, substance use, and personality disorders. The scheme may be distinguished from other violence risk assessment instruments because of its inclusion of 20 dynamic factors that are rated in terms of both vulnerability and strength. This study examined the reliability and validity of START assessments in predicting inpatient aggression. Research assistants completed START assessments for 120 male forensic psychiatric patients through review of hospital files. They also completed Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 (HCR-20; C. D. Webster, K. S. Douglas, D. Eaves, & S. D. Hart, 1997) and Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV; S. D. Hart, D. N. Cox, & R. D. Hare, 1995) assessments. Outcome data were coded from hospital files for a 12-month follow-up period using the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS; S. C. Yudofsky, J. M. Silver, W. Jackson, J. Endicott, & D. W. Williams, 1986). START assessments evidenced excellent interrater reliability and demonstrated both predictive and incremental validity over the HCR-20 Historical subscale scores and PCL:SV total scores. Overall, results support the reliability and validity of START assessments and use of the structured professional judgment approach more broadly, as well as the value of using dynamic risk and protective factors to assess violence risk. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).     

Abstracts

Articles abstracted:
Hetherington, E. M. and Stanley-Hagan, M. (1999) The adjustment of children with divorced parents: a risk and resiliency perspective. Journal ofChild Psychology and Psychiatry , 40: 129-140.
Webster-Stratton, C. and Hammond, M. (1999) Marital conflict managementskills, parenting style, and early-onset conduct problems: processesand pathways. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 40: 917-928.
Shaw, D. S., Winslow, E. B. and Flanagan, C. (1999) A prospective study ofthe effects of marital status and family relations on young children's adjustment among African American and European American Families. ChildDevelopment , 70: 742-755.
Lindahl, K. M. and Malik, N. M. (1999) Marital conflict, family process,and boys' externalising behaviour in Hispanic American and EuropeanAmerican families. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 28: 12-24.
Hart, C. H., Nelson, D. A., Robinson, C. C., Olsen, S. F. and McNeilly-Choque, M. K. (1998) Overt and relational aggression in Russian nursery-school-age children: parenting style and marital linkages. DevelopmentPsychology , 34: 687-697.
Shek, D. T. (1999) Parenting characteristics and adolescent psychologicalwell-being: a longitudinal study in a Chinese context. Genetic, Social andGeneral Psychology Monographs , 125: 27-44.     

Reviews

V on franz , M arie-louise , C. G. Jung: his myth in our time.
M eltzer , D., B remner , J., H oxter , S., W eddell , D., W ittenberg , I. Explorations in autism—a psychoanalytic study.
S inger , J une . Androgyne: towards a new theory of sexuality.
C. G. Jung letters
F reeman , T homas : Childhood psychopathology and adult psychosis.
V an de W inckel , E rna. Les symboles et l'inconscient.     

Book Review Section

Book reviews in this article:
G odfrey , E leanor P owell , F iedler , F red E., and H all , D. M. Boards, Management, and Company Success.
M ac D onald , L ois , and A ssociates . Leadership Dynamics and the Trade-Union Leader.
N unnally , J um C, J r . Tests and Measurements: Assessment and Prediction.
W orthy , J ames C. Big Business and Free Men.
C artwright , D orwin (Ed.) Studies in Social Power.
G ray , R obert D. A Guide to Systematic Wage and Salary Administration.
W iksell , W esley . DO They Understand You? A Guide to Effective Communication.
H eyel , C arl . (Ed.) Handbook of Industrial Research Management.
M onroe , J ohn , and F inkner , A. L. Handbook of Area Sampling.
Book and Materials Received     

REVIEWS

Book reviews in this Articles:
UNITY AND DIVERSITY IN THE NEW TESTAMENT: AN INQUIRY INTO THE CHARACTER OF EARLIEST CHRISTIANITY, by James D. G. Dunn
EXPLORATIONS IN THEOLOGY 1 by D. E. Ninaham.
EXPLORATIONS IN THEOLOGY 2 by C. F. Evans.     

Reviews

Book reviews in this article:
Darwinism Applied: Evolutionary Paths to Social Goals . By J ohn H. B eckstrom .
Beyond Relativism: Science and Human Values . By R oger D. M asters .
Eliade's Vision for a New Humanism . By D avid C ave .     

Book Reviews

J ung , C. G. The Psychology of Kundalini Yoga: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1932
P apadopoulos , R enos K. (ed.). Carl Gustav Jung: Critical Assessments
S poto , A ngelo . Jung's Typology in Perspective
S tein M urray (ed.). The Interactive Field In Analysis: Volume One
S tevens , A nthony . The Two-Million-Year Old Self
B ollas , C hristopher & S undelson , D avid . The New Informants, The Betrayal of Confidentiality in Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy
S hepherd , R., J ohns , J. & R obinson H. R. (eds). D. W. Winnicott Thinking About Children
C lay , J ohn . R. D. Laing: A Divided Self
C oltart , N ina . The Baby and the Bathwater     

REVIEWS

Justice, Gender, and the Family , S usan M oller O kin
Women's Madness: Misogyny or Mental Illness? J ane U ssher
The Social Construction of Gender , J udith L orber and S usana A. F arrell
Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities , D iane F. H alpern
Health Care and Gender , C harlotte F. M uller
Women, Girls, and Psychotherapy: Reframing Resistance , C arol G illigan , A nnie G. R ogers, and D eborah L. T olman