A FORTRAN subroutine for sound production on the Amiga microcomputer

This article describes a FORTRAN 77 subroutine which manipulates the audio hardware facilities on the Amiga microcomputer. The subroutine may be instructed to produce either tones or musical notes on any combination of four independent channels. Frequency, volume, and type of waveform are passed to the subroutine as parameters. Some limitations in relation to sound production on the Amiga are discussed.     

An experimental psychology laboratory system for the Apple II microcomputer

A system for on-line control of experiments is described that uses the Apple II microcomputer and requires no knowledge of programming. This system, APT, is used to construct test files, randomize stimulus order, and conduct experiments. Construction of an experiment is very easy through use of an interactive program. APT provides powerful options for controlling stimulus duration, feedback, and response type. Programs are available to conduct either a sequence of tests without any experimenter present or a single experiment. Over 200 subjects, ranging from 18 to 86 years of age, have completed a battery of cognitive and abilities tests using the system.     

An experiment control computer system time shared by several laboratories

An experiment control computer system, operational for more than 2 years, is discussed. The system is multiprogammed, using a vendor supplied real-time operating system. Individual experiments employ multitasking—fast response functions are implemented in core resident tasks while interactive and other slow response functions are implemented in tasks that operate under time sharing. The areas of psychological research currently supported are concept formation studies, EEG evoked response studies, monitoring the autonomic nervous system, perception studies, and family interaction studies.     

An Apple microcomputer system in physiological psychology

The use of microcomputers in physiological psychology has allowed many investigators to conduct experiments that previously required more costly devices. We describe some of the research requirements that led to our selection of an Apple II/FIRST microcomputer system (Scandrett & Gormezano, 1980) for investigations of the neurophysiological correlates of classical and instrumental conditioning.     

A microcomputer system for temperature biotelemetry

A microcomputer (Apple II) system for recording body temperature measured by a commercially made, implantable biotelemetry device (Mini-Mitter) is described. The system includes an inexpensive radio receiver interface circuit and software written in BASIC and 6502 assembly language. The utility of the system is illustrated in a study that shows that various handling procedures (including that normally involved in rectal temperature measurement) elevate body temperature in rats.     

The microcomputer kit: An excellent small system development tool

A method is described for demonstrating the integration of a do-it-yourself microcomputer kit into a small dedicated system configuration useful in many clinical and research applications. An Intel SDK-80 microcomputer is used as the main component of an on-line biofeedback system that features a digital display of beat-by-beat heart rate, a continuous feedback of an audio tone proportional to the rate, a CRT display of average rate, and a servo recorder to produce 1-min bar-graph plots. The compact size, effectiveness, and low cost of the microcomputer permit the development of many small dedicated systems that formerly were impractical applications for expensive and under-utilized minicomputer systems.     

A self-contained microcomputer system for psychological testing

This paper describes a newly available microcomputer system for the on-line administration, scoring, and interpretation of psychological tests. User response to the system is reported. Results of a validity study of the system’s Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory interpretative program are presented.     

A system for automatically analyzing and correcting real-time experiment control programs

A system is described that automatically analyzes the time constraints in a real-time experiment control program and automatically makes corrections to that program to provide any degree of temporal accuracy desired by the experimenter within the capabilities of the hardware. A generalized procedure is presented to allow similar systems to be developed for most common languages and hardware platforms.     

Programs for visual psychophysics on the Amiga: A tutorial

A typical psychophysical experiment presents a sequence of visual stimuli to an observer and collects and stores the responses for later analysis. Although computers can speed up this process, paint programs that allow one to prepare visual stimuli without programming cannot read responses from the mouse or keyboard, whereas BASIC and other programming languages that allow one to collect and store observer’s responses unfortunately cannot handle prepainted pictures. A new programming language called The Director provides the best of both worlds. Its BASIC-like commands can manipulate prepainted pictures, read responses made with the mouse and keyboard, and save these on disk for later analysis. A dozen sample programs are provided.     

An inexpensive 1-millisecond experiment control interface for IBM PCs and its user-friendly control language

An inexpensive, professionally manufactured, digital I/O experiment control interface for any PC-compatible computer is described. It plugs into a standard printer port and provides 1-msec accuracy for up to 4 inputs and 22 outputs. It also allows experiment control procedures to be written in an easy-to-learn, easy-to-use Experiment Control language (ECBASIC). In addition to many instructions specifically designed to simplify behavioral research, ECBASIC provides for transparent collection and storage of event logs.     

An inexpensive operant chamber interface for the VIC 20 microcomputer

An inexpensive interface to connect the VIC 20 (or other Commodore microcomputer) to a single operant chamber is described. This interface is equipped to accept as inputs three separate switch closures and produces five outputs, including one to elevate a food hopper. The uses of this interface for controlling experimental events and acquiring data in real time are discussed.     

A microcomputer system for controlling classical conditioning experiments

A microcomputer-based laboratory system for controlling stimulus presentations and data acquisition in classical conditioning experiments is described. The system comprises an Intel 386/486-based microcomputer and a commercially obtained low-cost counter/timer board with input/output lines for stimulus timing and external device control. A simple, yet versatile custom-designed structured programming language is provided for performing an unlimited number of stimulus configurations and their sequences. In electrophysiological studies, the system can be flexibly connected to computer-controlled signal conditioning systems for the amplification and filtering of multiunit and evoked field potential responses and to high-speed data acquisition systems for sampling and analyzing the responses. The costs of reserving an entire microcomputer for experiment control are well compensated for by the simplicity and efficiency of programming and transportability of the control protocols between different setups and laboratories. Furthermore, a data acquisition and analysis system most suitable for the aims of a research project can be selected.     

FORTRAN control of graphics on the amiga microcomputer

The graphic capabilities of the Amiga microcomputer offer considerable potential for perceptual and cognitive research. These capabilities, however, are most easily accessed via the C programming language. Manipulating Amiga graphics hardware is considerably more difficult for the FORTRAN programmer. A package of FORTRAN 77 routines is described which has been designed to allow images to be easily processed and presented by means of calls from a FORTRAN experiment control program.     

FORTRAN control of graphics on the amiga microcomputer

The graphic capabilities of the Amiga microcomputer offer considerable potential for perceptual and cognitive research. These capabilities, however, are most easily accessed via the C programming language. Manipulating Amiga graphics hardware is considerably more difficult for the FORTRAN programmer. A package of FORTRAN 77 routines is described which has been designed to allow images to be easily processed and presented by means of calls from a FORTRAN experiment control program.     

Development of a microcomputer system for verbal interaction analysis

Verbal interaction analysis has been demonstrated to be a valuable procedure for research on temporal, noncontent variables in dyadic interviews. Temporal variables include durations of utterance, reaction time latency, initiative time latency, and overlap, which are recorded for both parties in the interview. Instruments for the measurement of these variables have been both complex and expensive. An Apple II microcomputer is programmed to record the four temporal variables in verbal interaction analysis, providing a portable, less expensive, and convenient instrument.     

A microcomputer interface to control reinforcement delivery

A method for interfacing a PET microcomputer to an operant arena is described.     

A multi-user on-line 8080 microcomputer system

A laboratory control system based upon the Imsai 8080 microcomputer is described. This system is capable of programming separate events in each of five animal operant chambers and recording the resulting behavioral data. The interface between the computer and the chambers is compatible with the 28-V dc nature of these chambers and various peripheral devices, such as cumulative recorders. At present, system software is based on the 8080 assembly language, while the BASIC language is used for data analysis. Cost considerations and comparisons with minicomputers are discussed.     

Software-based visual psychophysics using the Commodore Amiga with Deluxe Paint III

Often it is useful to produce visual displays that allow for pilot testing of experimental hypotheses, which let the experimenter examine effects reported by others, or which can be used for at least some serious experimentation (e.g., decrement in visual illusions with practice). The combination of the Amiga computer and Deluxe Paint III software is ideal for this purpose. The ease with which graphic displays can be produced, coupled with the new animation facility in the software, enables method-of-adjustment psychophysical experiments to be produced in a very short time. Worked examples are given, and the relative merits and shortcomings of the Amiga computer for these purposes are discussed.     

An introduction to microcomputer networking concepts

This paper presents a brief history of the use of internal computer networks, an introduction to networking concepts and topology, and suggestions regarding a possible system for use in a psychology laboratory. Considerations about the design and use of a microcomputer network are discussed.