怎样理解马克思主义中国化——从“马克思主义基本原理无法完全解决中国问题”说起

推进马克思主义中国化不是因为“马克思主义基本原理无法解决中国问题”,相反,马克思主义基本原理是普遍真理,不会过时。要把马克思主义基本原理同运用这些原理分析具体问题得出的具体结论区分开来,因为马克思主义基本原理不是解决具体实际问题的现成答案的堆积。中国特色社会主义理论体系的根子是马克思主义基本原理,不要把两者对立起来,推进马克思主义中国化,首先要认真学习马克思主义经典著作,掌握马克思主义的基本原理。     

是矛盾还是张力?——对马克思主义双重品格的一个可能的解读

从理论特质上看,马克思主义内在蕴含着人本性和科学性的双重品格,而且,二者之间还存在一种紧张关系。这正是马克思主义在历史上被片面化或抽象化理解的逻辑根据。实际上,马克思主义中的人本性和科学性并不是一种本质主义规定,而仅是作为两条对立的逻辑线索出现的。作为人类历史实际发展的理论反思形态,马克思主义在这种对立所构建的张力中发展,又诉诸于共产主义而扬弃这种对立关系。在这个意义上,共产主义才是消灭现存状况的运动,同时也是马克思主义的彻底实现。     

马克思主义宗教观的丰富和发展--学习"引导适应论"的一点体会

本文认为“积极引导宗教和社会主义社会相适应”的理论,从根本上解决了宗教与社会主义社会的关系问题,在三个方面丰富和发展了马克思主义宗教观:(1)丰富和发展了马克思主义关于宗教起源、宗教存在的根源和宗教消亡的理论;(2)丰富和发展了马克思主义关于宗教发展规律、宗教与社会关系的理论;(3)丰富和发展了马克思主义关于宗教社会功能的理论。它把中国共产党人对宗教的认识提高到新的科学水平。     

马克思的个人发展理论及其当代价值

“以人为本”、促进人的全面发展已成为整个中国社会和人类发展的诉求,在这种情况下,发掘马克思丰富的个人发展理论,全面、准确地理解和阐述马克思主义关于人的全面发展思想的科学内涵,深入推动以人为本的科学发展观的贯彻落实,就成为当今马克思主义哲学研究特别是历史唯物主义研究的一项重要任务。一、个人及个人发展的内在规定性马克思认为个人是现实的个人,即在社会中进行物质生产活动的个人。人的发展包括人的个体发展、类发展两个层面。以往我们讲人的发展,大多是在类发展的意义上,而在马克思的著作中,凡谈到人的发展的地方,都不是泛泛…     

试论马克思主义人学中国化的历史演进逻辑

马克思主义人学是研究人的存在、本质和发展规律的科学,关注人的自由而全面的发展,完成了人学理论的革命性变革。中国共产党人立足于中国传统文化和对西方民本观的批判,在马克思主义人学中国化的进程中形成了以人为本的人学观。新时代以人民为中心的发展思想,是当代中国马克思主义人学中国化的最新理论成果,有着深厚的理论基础。     

四川省党校系统召开哲学研讨会

四川省党校系统召开哲学研讨会黎佳四川省党校系统哲学研讨会于１９９２年１０月２６日至２８日在重庆举行。会议首先学习和讨论了十四大报告精神,认为：（一）十四大报告阐述的建设有中国特色社会主义理论是一个科学体系,解放思想,实事求是是其精髓,从认识论上讲它体现了主观与客观、理论与实际、马克思主义基本原理与当代中国实际和时代特征的具体的历史的统一;从社会历史观讲,最根本的就是摆正了政治和经济的关系,坚持了生产力标准,把发展社会主义社会生产力放在首要地位。（二）十四大报告把中国经济体制改革的目标确定为建立社会主义市场经济,这在我国经济体制改革的理论发展上是一个飞跃,这是十一届三中全会以来,不断进行实践、认识、再实践、再认识的结果。会议还以十四大精神为指导,围绕“马克思主义哲学与加速改革开放和经济发展问题”进行了研究讨论。与会者论及了如下几个问题。第一,马克思主义哲学应服务于加速改革开放和经济发展。这是为它固有的社会功能、认识功能所决定的。所谓社会功能,即社会意识形态功能。马克思主义哲学是社会主义的意识形态,理所当然地要为社会主义社会的经济、政治服务,特别是要为加速经济改革和经济发展服务。所谓认识功能,即科学世界观和方法     

南斯拉夫的马克思主义哲学——“实践派”

第二次世界大战以后,南斯拉夫的马克思主义哲学是沿着两条对立的道路向前发展的。有少数人,把马克思主义哲学当作新制度的官方意识形态而接受了下来,他们从未偏离过辩证唯物主义的正统模式,即苏联哲学界所认识的模式。其他人则认为马克思主义哲学是一个理论框架,这个框架最能符合他们建设一个确实比较自由、比较人道的社会的计划,他们极力强调马克思主义哲学的批判作用和实践作用,强调它还将不断发展,而不太重视对它的论     

人的本质及其现代发展——对马克思人的本质思想的再认识

马克思曾分别提出了人的类本质和现实本质的思想,但人们至今对此仍无统一的认识。该文从马克思主义的文本出发,阐述了人的本质既是类本质又是现实本质,是类本质和现实本质的统一;并从人类社会发展的角度,探讨了人类劳动的发展和社会关系的发展,进而说明了人的本质的发展,有助于加深对人自身的认识和对人的本质的深刻理解。     

发展存在与发展意识

发展存在与发展意识是支撑和维系社会发展的两个最基本的方面 ,也是发展哲学中的最高范畴。在发展存在和发展意识的矛盾关系中 ,发展存在决定发展意识 ,发展意识反映并反作用于发展存在。发展存在和发展意识的矛盾运动构成了社会发展的总体矛盾 ,形成了社会发展的最根本规律。发展存在和发展意识的关系问题是发展哲学的基本问题。认识和研究发展存在和发展意识的辩证关系 ,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。     

关于马克思对社会历史的理解方式的探讨

马克思在科学实践观的基础上论证了社会是人与自然的完成了的本质的统一,阐述了"现实的个人"是唯物史观考察社会历史的出发点和前提,揭示了人的实践活动的物质动因是社会的基本矛盾,分析了社会历史发展和个人全面发展相统一的过程.     

马克思主义与自由主义论战的哲学基础

近年来,从自我所有原则到契约原则,国外马克思主义与自由主义展开了全方位的论战,这一论战涉及到从哲学到经济学、从政治学到伦理学的诸多方面。自由、平等和正义,尽管对于马克思主义和自由主义来说它们的涵义是如此地不同,却是双方所共同追求的价值导向。这些价值标准能否在自我所有原则和契约原则的具体实践中体现出来,正是双方争论的焦点所在。本文围绕着双方的争论,从一些基础理论入手,对双方的论争进行了分析和思考,试图为我们回答时代提出的新挑战,与时俱进地发展马克思主义理论提供一点借鉴作用。     

Within‐person Relationship between Creative Self‐efficacy and Individual Creativity: The Mediator of Creative Process Engagement and the Moderator of Regulatory Focus

Integrating the dynamic self‐regulatory framework with the motivational self‐regulation perspective, we theorize and test how and when creative self‐efficacy increases individual creativity at the within‐person level. Conceptualizing creative process engagement as a self‐regulation effort, we theorize that creative process engagement mediates the within‐person effect of creative self‐efficacy on individual creativity. We further explore how creative self‐efficacy and chronic regulatory focus interact to affect the within‐person mediating effect. A sample of 145 R&D workers provided two monthly reports for their creative activities and experiences over 8 months. The findings provide empirical support for the hypothesized mediating mechanism. At the within‐person level, creative process engagement mediates the relationship between creative self‐efficacy and individual creativity. The results also show that chronic regulatory focus moderated the mediated relationship. Specifically, creative self‐efficacy is positively related to individual creativity for employees with a strong prevention focus and negatively related to individual creativity for employees with a strong promotion focus.     

探寻中国人的多重互依自我：理论、挑战与整合

为了全面理解中国人的互依自我内涵,整理相关文献后,发现主要有华人本土与跨文化两种研究取向及相关的多种典型理论,如差序格局理论、华人四元自我理论、道德自我理论、三重自我理论和文化会聚自我理论。这些理论适合解释不同类型的互依自我,并面临各自的挑战。在意义维持模型下对这些理论及互依自我类型进行了整理,发现中国人的互依自我是多层次的、动态的。     

Emotions,Me, Myself and I

We are prone to think that the emotions someone undergoes are somehow revelatory of the sort of person she is, and philosophers working in the field have frequently insisted upon the existence of an intimate relation between a subject and her emotions. But how intimate is the relation between emotions and the self? I first explain why interesting claims about this relation must locate it at the level of emotional intentionality. Given that emotions have a complex intentional structure – they are about an object and evaluate it – this means that the relation between emotions and the self may take different shapes. My discussion focuses on three different claims about this relation. According to the first claim, all emotions are about the subject who undergoes them. The second claim appeals to a more moderate form of reflexivity and affirms that emotions always feature a representation of other psychological states of the subject. The third understands the relation between emotions and the self in evaluative terms: emotions are said to evaluate relationally, one of the terms of this relation being the subject who undergoes it. I argue that all three claims apply, at best, only to a limited subset of emotions and that they must sometimes give way to claims that do not presuppose any intentional connection between emotions and the self.     

Core self‐evaluations and subjective well‐being in the U.S. and the Philippines: The moderating role of self‐construal

Extant literature has shown that the compound personality variable core self‐evaluations (CSE) is associated with various psychological outcomes. However, there is a dearth of research on CSE across cultures. Consistent with self‐construal theory, because there can be differences in self‐construals within and between cultures, the present study examined the moderating role of culture on the relation between CSE and subjective well‐being while also allowing for individual differences in self‐construal in the US and the Philippines. In both countries, CSE positively predicted subjective well‐being. Notably, the association between CSE and subjective well‐being was stronger in the US than in the Philippines. In addition, independent self‐construal strengthened the positive impact of CSE on subjective well‐being especially in the US. Overall, CSE positively predicts subjective well‐being; however, the relationship depends on not only the cultural context, but also on individual differences in self‐construal.     

社交网络（SNS）中的自我呈现及其影响因素

基于符号互动论而提出的自我呈现概念及其理论,以往常被用于解释人们现实生活中的面对面人际互动行为。近些年。社交网络逐渐成为人际互动行为发生的重要场域。由于社交网络自身的独特之处,人们在社交网络中的自我呈现,与现实面对面、传统计算机媒介交流中的自我呈现有诸多不同。社交网络中的自我呈现更受到目标观众、动机、人格特征、性别和文化等方面的显著影响。西方的“富者更富理论”和“社会补偿理论”,在解释社交网络中自我呈现现象本质时各执一词,而国内的“补充我／补偿我理论”或许能较好地解决这一理论问题。未来的SNS自我呈现研究应在扩展被试群体范围、SNS网站种类和影响因素变量几方面继续前行。     

The self in prejudice

The self as a psychological construct, and the self in relation to the other has been discussed in psychological and sociological literature for decades, but not much attention has been given to the psychological development of the self in relation to the social construction of prejudice. The primary aim of this article is to explore the self in prejudice and thus the psychological processes involved in the development of self within the social context. Consequently, the aim is to explore the self in the construction and expression of prejudice from both a social and psychological approach, and to explain selfhood influences at the individual, group and community levels. I use the conceptual framework of Kohut's self psychology as a lens to present the development of the self and thus the idea of the development of the self in relation to the other. In such exploration of self in prejudice, I present some of my ideas which include prejudice as an outcome of self-definition in the context of the other, as well as linking self in prejudice and group dynamics to attachment theory and the notion of “selfgroup’ in terms of overidentification with the in-group. While the social and the psychological in terms of the development of the self cannot be separated, I have therefore attempted to merge at some point the two bodies of thought in relation to the self in prejudice.     

Self-construal level and voice procedures: The individual self as psychological basis for procedural fairness effects

In the current article, we investigate the influence of self-construal level on procedural fairness effects, that is, the finding that fair versus unfair procedures influence people’s evaluations of their relation with decision-making authorities. In two experiments, we manipulated self-construal level by activating the individual self (“I”) or the social self (“We”), and we induced a control condition. Furthermore, we manipulated procedural fairness by granting versus denying participants an opportunity to voice their opinion in a decision-making process. Results consistently revealed stronger procedural fairness effects if the individual self is activated than if the social self is activated. It is concluded that sometimes the individual self, rather than the social self, constitutes the psychological basis for procedural fairness effects.     

Aspects of identity: From the inner-outer metaphor to a tetrapartite model of the self

Abstract

We review a program of research on identity orientations – the relative importance or value that individuals place on various identity attributes when constructing their self-definitions. We first provide a brief history of the development of our measure of identity orientations – the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ) – after which we present our tetrapartite model of the self that distinguishes among individual, relational, public, and collective aspects of identity. We then review previous research on how the four identity orientations uniquely influence cognition, emotion, and behavior, and close by highlighting what we see as interesting and important directions for future research.     

The infant with a depressed mother: destruction and creation

From the hypothesis that vitality and creativity in the individual depend on the quality of the dialogue between the ego and the unconcious, the author seeks to show from observations of infant-parent interactions how this dialogue develops. The notion of the experience of the self helps us to describe the way in which mother and baby act upon each other like living mirrors, each reflecting for the other an image of the self. Maternal care, as long as it is disengaged from the sexual excitation, both erotic and aggressive, with which it is charged for each of the partners in the interaction, allows the self to be projected on to the infant's body; the ego–self dialogue then develops its roots in the bodily experience of the infant as it interacts with the world. Post-natal depression, which is frequent, affecting 15–20% of births, is a cause of major distortion in the establishment of the ego–self dialogue. An account of a clinical observation helps us to understand the process as it occurs