刺激的絕对大小对視觉长度比例辨别的影响

問题視觉长度比例辨別作为知觉問題,在心理学中还是研究得不够的。已有的研究大多将注意集中于考察影响辨別的某些因素。这些研究所得到的結果可以分作两类。一类是闡述影响辨别的客观因素——刺激本身的特点;另一类則企图揭露影响辨別的主观因素——人的个性特征。在客观因素的研究方面,可以K.Bühler,C.Schneider和等人的工作为代表。Bühler研究了标准刺激和变异刺激呈現方式的影响,当标准刺激和变异刺激是同向伸展的长方形,則比例辨別閾限低于异向伸展的长方形。Schneider将作为刺激的长方形以各种輔助线     

哈尔濱市阿洪们走上了正確的道路

哈尔滨市的阿洪經过整风,社会主义教育,絕大多数都弄清了民族和宗教的关系,辨別了大是大非,初步划清了阶級界限,坚定了在党的领导下走社会主义道路的信心。他們普遍地制定了跃进規划,     

有光坪条件下同时性闪光信号的频率辨别阈限

問題 关于光坪对闪光信号辨认的影响,我们已做过一些研究。在光坪对同时性闪光信号辨认的影响的研究结果表明,光坪对两个同时性闪光信号的似动现象有消減作用,这就为在特定条件下使用两个或更多的同时性闪光信号提供了可能性。为了便于应用,有必要测定在有光坪的条件下两个同时性闪光信号的频率辨別阈限,并寻出当要求辨别准确性达95％以上时两个同时性闪光信号的频率差。     

杨时《三经义辨》新考——兼论其对王安石《三经新义》驳正

由于宋代杨时《三经义辨》的亡佚,学界一直未能对其内容进行研究,亦无法讨论其如何驳正王安石《三经新义》。今通过对相关宋元文献的全面梳理,详考各家征引杨时《义辨》的内容,对《三经义辨》进行辑佚,改变了该书无可详考的局面,亦厘清了杨时《三经义辨》的成书及卷数的问题。同时将其与王安石《三经新义》的对应条目展开讨论,揭示其对王安石《新义》的驳正,更进一步发现:杨时《义辨》中有受王学浸染之痕迹,其对王学的打击有限,实际上此书在宋代之影响未如历来宣扬之巨大。以此,对杨时《义辨》及其学术重新作出客观的研究与评价。     

从辨別反应潛伏期的波动曲綫来看神經衰弱患者大脑皮层动力过程的某些特点

五十年前巴甫洛夫曾在动物身上造成实驗性神經症。他发現引起动物实驗性神經症的因素主要是在外界強烈的或长期持續的刺激下引起高級神經活动过程的过度紧张,并导致它們的破裂。这种破裂正如巴甫洛夫所說的:“表現在两种过程分別削弱或同时削弱中,表現在混乱的神經活动中”。当然,这种在实驗过程中引起神經症的原理,也可作为进一步探討人类神經官能症生理机制的理論基础。巴甫洛夫也曾提到过,在狗身上进行的此种实验研究是理解“人类神经病的电切近和电基本的根据”。根据我们的调查,目     

辨体施膳对亚健康状态改善作用的理论机制探讨

就辨体施膳对亚健康状态改善作用从历史渊薮、理论基础、药食五味功效理论及发挥的现代作用等4个方面进行了探讨.认为对亚健康状态予以辨体施膳有其理论渊薮和基础,其概念和方法符合中医学整体观和辨证观等基本理论,是中医理、法、方、药(食)的具体体现,也是对中医药食五味功效理论的继承和发扬;辨体施膳在保证中医传统功效的同时,发挥着营养、免疫调节、调节代谢等一定的药理作用.     

先秦儒家的"人禽之辨"

"人禽之辨"是先秦儒家为传统礼乐文明存续作合法性辩护时提出的重要命题,它集中体现了儒家在"人的价值发现"问题上的思想成果。荀子从性恶论出发,揭示了人类理性即"辨"是人禽之别的内在根据;孟子以性善论为基础,发现了人类具有超出动物"类性之仁"局限性的独特价值,确立了一种由"辨"而"合"的人禽关系模式。     

名言有自性——宗喀巴对清辨思想的诠释

宗喀巴大师通过对印度中观自续派代表人物清辨作品的解读,认为清辨主张名言有自性,但印度的中观学大师们并没有明确指出清辨有这样的主张。宗喀巴的立论依据来自三个方面:一、清辨在批判瑜伽行派遍计所执相无自性时,暗含着名言有自性的主张。二、这一观点潜存于清辨安立世俗法的方式中。三、自续的论证方法也决定了清辨主张名言有自性。但宗喀巴在自己的诠释过程中,自有其诠释的前提和特征。     

严格检验中医疗法有效性的理论研究

本文重点在于提出并阐释了一种证实性治法研究的设计理念——纳入标准的二重性原则：检验中成药治疗某种“西医病”是否安全有效,制定受试对象的纳入标准时既辨病又辨证,研究结论的可靠性与可重复性将更有保证;在辨病的同时应该计算四诊量化信息的离均差平方和,评价受试对象之间“对表现为某证构成标志的症状和体征”的不同程度以严格控制其证候表现上的差异。     

评纳尔斯基的《实证主义史纲》和《现代实证主义》——一、纳尔斯基:《实证主义史纲》

研究实诳主义的历史有很多困难。首先必須把实证主义的哲学問題和这一流派的某些代表人物曾作过研究的具体科学問題加以区分,这一点在分析現代实证主义时特别重要。主要困难在于实证主义所提出的哲学原則往往很不明确和极其一般。因而,連資产阶級历史学本身都把19世紀和20世紀欧洲哲学中各种不同的、甚至彼此往往有原則差別的派別叫做“实证主义”。     

SUICIDALITY IN MEN IN PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY

Based on the evidence of empirical gender differences in attempted suicide and suicide, this paper develops psychodynamic hypotheses on gender‐specific biographic, intra‐psychic and treatment aspects of suicidality among men. ‘Forming Types by Understanding’ is a qualitative method, based on a systematic analysis of similarity and differential reference points to develop ideal types of suicidal men. A random sample of 20 suicidal men who were receiving out‐patient psychodynamic psychotherapy was studied.

Four ideal types of suicidal men were identified: (1) ideal type ‘disconnected’: a predominance of disconnected feelings that is associated with rejection experiences; (2) ideal type ‘hurt’: aggressive conflicts and the realization of disillusioned life reality combined with experiences of real loss and real trauma; (3) ideal type ‘stormy’: an attached‐symbiotic transference offer mobilizes unrealistic wishes to help against a background of unresolved dependency conflicts; and (4) ideal type ‘object dependent’: concrete facts are important in relationships; in case of separation, real repossession of the woman must occur, a lack of emotional experience is compensated. The danger of suicidality, especially in the early stage of psychotherapy, is particularly acute for patients who cannot reach their therapists emotionally and vice versa. Disturbance of the early experience of inseparability from the mother, gender‐specific conflicts in the development of separation and individuation, and failed triangulation are of central psychodynamic importance.     

组织行为学在中国之发展与领导行为研究

一、发展的历程 组织行为学做为一门独立学科被介绍到中国是70年代末80年代初的事,但中国心理学家早已注意到这方面的问题,而且在自己的研究工作中涉及到有关的课题,当时多采用工业心理学、劳动心理学或工程心理学的名称。 早在中华人民共和国成立之前,一些心理学家就考虑到在工业生产中有关人的因素     

TRAINING IN PSYCHOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES

Psychologists abroad often ask about the system of training psychologists in the United Stales, as If the United States had a formal system laid down by the government or by a centralized educational authority, as is the ease in many other countries. This article was originally drafted to provide information to psychologists abroad about the diversity and variety of training in the U.S., but it is published here in the hope that it will also be informative and interesting to American psychologists as well as to our colleagues in other countries.     

IN SUPPORT OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT IN ORGANIZATIONAL SETTINGS

Personality constructs have been demonstrated to be useful for explaining and predicting attitudes, behaviors, performance, and outcomes in organizational settings. Many professionally developed measures of personality constructs display useful levels of criterion-related validity for job performance and its facets. In this response to Morgeson et al. (2007) , we comprehensively summarize previously published meta-analyses on (a) the optimal and unit-weighted multiple correlations between the Big Five personality dimensions and behaviors in organizations, including job performance; (b) generalizable bivariate relationships of Conscientiousness and its facets (e.g., achievement orientation, dependability, cautiousness) with job performance constructs; (c) the validity of compound personality measures; and (d) the incremental validity of personality measures over cognitive ability. Hundreds of primary studies and dozens of meta-analyses conducted and published since the mid 1980s indicate strong support for using personality measures in staffing decisions. Moreover, there is little evidence that response distortion among job applicants ruins the psychometric properties, including criterion-related validity, of personality measures. We also provide a brief evaluation of the merits of alternatives that have been offered in place of traditional self-report personality measures for organizational decision making. Given the cumulative data, writing off the whole domain of individual differences in personality or all self-report measures of personality from personnel selection and organizational decision making is counterproductive for the science and practice of I-O psychology.     

睡眠剥夺时大鼠电休克阈值的变化

我们在研究睡眠剥夺影响大鼠记忆巩固的实验中,观察到睡眠剥夺引起大鼠条件反射的反应时(R T_(CR))明显缩短。我们认为,这可能反映了动物在睡眠剥夺后脑的兴奋性有所升高,本实验用电休克阈值作指标验证这一看法。