关于心理学中的自然主义观点——与曹日昌同志商榷

心理学是研究人的心理现象的科学。 心理现象的本质是什么?这是心理学的根本性的问题。它的如何解决,关系着心理学的方向。在心理学的发展史中,这个问题不时引起争论,是完全可以理解的。 唯心论者说,世界上有种非物质的某种特殊的东西,叫做‘灵魂’,或者称为‘绝对精神’。人的心理现象,就是寓居于身体内面的‘灵魂’活动的结果;或者说是‘绝对精神’运     

开启“心灵史”的钥匙——三部中国文艺—审美心理学史读后

著名文学史家勃兰兑斯说:“文学史就其最深刻的意义来说,是一种心理学,研究人的灵魂,是灵魂的历史。”(《十九世纪文学主流·引言》)推而广之,艺术史又何尝不是如此呢?所以以文学艺术为主要研究对象的美学,生来就和心理学结成不解之缘,在我国更有着相同的兴衰命运。80年代以来,随着改革开放潮流,美学“东山再起,心理学也兴旺发达起来。仅仅十年间,心理学的一个小分支——     

从"非心理学"视角看术语连等式:心理=心灵=精神——兼议心理学"首席"术语的英汉互译

术语规范化是一门学科成熟的标志之一。作为现代心理学“首席”术语的心理,乃源自灵魂而非精神。从西方舶来后,却将它与精神和心灵混用,使心理学主干术语远离规范化的要求。从理论心理学“本土化”的研究取向出发,本着以“我”为主的学术立场,建议按术语单义性和大众习惯性的原则来英译心理学中三个主干术语—心理、心灵和精神。     

用行动纪念潘菽先生逝世三十周年

潘菽逝世已有30周年,中国心理学界缅怀他的最好方式之一是,弘扬他的三个心理学思想精义,将之体现在行动中,促进中国心理学又好又快地向前发展:坚持潘菽“心理学是中间科学”的主张,使中国心理学研究的视角、方法与主题更加多元化; 秉承潘菽重视研究中国古代心理学思想的遗志,提高研究成果的原创性水平; 落实潘菽关于中国心理学“要走我们自己的道路,有自己的特点”的倡议,努力建设中国特色心理学体系,使中国心理学不仅在形式上,而且在内容体系和灵魂上都真正获得独立。     

一部特色鲜明立意新颖的学术著作——读《实验儿童心理学》有感

1879年,德国心理学家冯特建立了心理学实验室,标志着科学心理学的诞生。100多年来,心理学家通过不懈的努力,使心理学在研究深度和广度上取得了突飞猛进的发展。然而综观我们儿童心理学的发展历史和研究现状,虽然采用实验手段来研究儿童心理学问题的人在增多,但在整个研究中还不     

心理学多层次实验教学体系的建设与探讨

实验教学训练是心理学专业人才培养的关键环节。一段时间以来,针对如何发展出适合国内各院校心理学专业实际情况的实验教学体系,国内有关院校的专家进行了颇具建设性的探讨。在本文中,作者介绍了一套心理学多层次实验教学体系,梳理了包括基础性实验、综合性实验、创新性实验在内的三大实验训练层次,同时也探索了与各层次实验教学训练相配合的课程和评价体系。希望通过对该心理学实验教学体系的建设和讨论,有助于培养未来心理学创新性人才,缩小国内外在心理学实验训练广度、深度上的差距。     

中国西南少数民族灵魂观探析

西南少数民族具有原始古朴的宗教信仰,西南各族群的灵魂观生动反映祖先崇拜的心性。在西南少数民族送灵指路的经书、仪式中,各族群有三魂归宿的生动叙事和仪式象征,人死归祖是西南少数民族灵魂观的显著特点。本文从西南少数民族灵魂观的宏观视野,深度分析西南各族群灵魂观的思想内涵。指出西南少数民族人死归祖的灵魂观念,是历史上华夏文化长期浸润影响的结果。通过西南少数民族与道教灵魂观念互渗的比较分析,可以加深对中华民族共同体意识形成的理解。     

论医务人员在医疗事故技术鉴定过程中的法律地位

世界上究竟有没有“心”、“心”是什么、心与身的关系如何,这一直是医学与心理学的基本问题。随着科学的发展和认识的深化,经由语言学的心灵剥离、科学主义的心灵放逐、实证科学的心灵祛魅,古老神秘的灵魂不断地“祛魅”,心理的本质得到了还原与澄清,灵魂问题亦演变为心理问题、心脑问题,而心灵哲学也正朝着自然化的方向重建。     

意志的缺席——对古典希腊道德心理学的批评

无论是在柏拉图那里还是在亚里士多德那里,在他们颇具代表性的灵魂二分或三分学说中均没有意志概念的位置。我们可以说,在古典希腊道德心理学中并不存在着一个意志概念。而当我们进一步考察与意志概念相关的行为道德责任问题,特别是考察亚里士多德的自愿与不自愿概念时,我们可以发现欲望和理性二元结构是古典希腊道德心理学解释行为道德责任的主要思想资源,在这样的一个结构中意志概念是缺席的。赖尔与威廉斯等人所代表的极端观点认为,没有意志概念的古希腊道德心理学比有意志概念的现代道德心理学在解释与说明人的行为上可能更为成功。这种观点值得商榷,意志概念不是一个心理官能和心理活动的概念,而是同行为的主体性相关。古典希腊道德心理学在根本上是一种自然主义行为心理学,它所根本缺失的恰恰是行为的道德责任概念。     

弗洛伊德学说与西方文学的“精神分析学派”

西格蒙德·弗洛伊德(Sigmund Freud,1856——1939)是奥地利精神病医生,精神分析派心理学的创始人。弗洛伊德是二十世纪最有影响的人物之一。他的学说以变态心理为依据,研究的对象是他以前的心理学家所忽视的人的精神活动中的无意识。精神分析心理学是一种深度心理学,不停留在心理的表面价值上。因此,可以说弗洛伊德是研究人的无意识领域的开拓者。弗洛伊德还沟通了心理学与文学的联系,开拓了文学研究的新领域,对作家和文学批评家进一步刻画人物的内心世界和深入地分析人物的     

Socrates on How Wrongdoing Damages the Soul

There has been little scholarly attention given to explaining exactly how and why Socrates thinks that wrongdoing damages the soul. But there is more than a simple gap in the literature here, we shall argue. The most widely accepted view of Socratic moral psychology, we claim, actually leaves this well-known feature of Socrates’ philosophy absolutely inexplicable. In the first section of this paper, we rehearse this view of Socratic moral psychology, and explain its inadequacy on the issue of the damaging consequences of wrongdoing. We then go on to provide our own account of the way in which injustice damages the soul, and then draw conclusions about how Socratic moral psychology should be understood.     

The bark and bite of the logically negative soul: further reflections on Rilke's dog of ‘divine inseeing’

Following on the approach taken in the previous essay, this article critically reflects Rilke's account of his having imaginatively entered into the interior of a passing dog more deeply into itself. In doing so, it illustrates the concepts of logical negativity and absolute negative interiorization, which are core concepts of the speculative turn within analytical psychology that is known by the name ‘psychology as the discipline of interiority’. Just as analytical psychology often thinks in terms of the alchemical figure of ‘the stone that is not a stone’, so in this article the bark and bite of a logically negative ‘dog that is not a dog’ is grappled with. Further insights into what is meant by the author's phrase, ‘the Archimedean‐less interiority of the soul’, are imparted.     

Toward a Framework for Islamic Psychology and Psychotherapy: An Islamic Model of the Soul

A uniquely Islamic theoretical framework for an Islamic psychology has yet to be established. To do so requires that we understand how human beings are conceptualized within the cosmology that characterizes the Islamic tradition. This paper presents a model of the soul from within an Islamic paradigm, generated through a grounded theory analysis of interviews with 18 key informants with relevant academic or religious expertise. The model elaborates aspects of a mechanism for the development of the soul that constitutes a potential foundation for an Islamic theory of human psychology and has particular relevance for Islamic approaches to psychotherapy.     

Conversations in the Gap Between Mind and Soul: Grammatical Reflections ‘In (the) Place(s) of Thinking'

In December 2013, the Dallas Institute of Humanities and Culture sponsored a conference to celebrate the life and work of James Hillman. My article is an open letter to a colleague and friend that continues conversations we had over the years on the issue of the language of psychology and the logos of soul (ψυχολογ?α). In my letter, I suggest to James that psychology has a monumental problem in its addiction to nouns and, alongside him, I explore the possibility that the soul's speech is a verb the moods, tenses, and voices of which configure psychological life and its style of discourse in ways that offer an alternative to the dominant scientific paradigm and the mode of discourse in psychology today. This letter in memory of James compliments the article I wrote in memory of my mentor, friend, and colleague, J. H. van den Berg, that appeared in these pages last year. Over a period of 35 years, each has been a companion for me in the dialogue between phenomenology and depth psychology.     

Salvaging the self in a world without soul: William James's The Principles of psychology

This article explores William James's transformation of the religious soul into the secular self in The Principles of Psychology. Although James's views on the self are familiar to many historians of psychology, the article places his treatment of the self within the broader social and cultural context of a secularizing, industrializing society. There were palpable tensions and anxieties that accompanied the cultural shift, and these are particularly transparent in James's Principles. James attempted the project of secularizing the soul in order to promote a natural science of the mind but with marked ambivalence for the project, because it left out some of the moral and metaphysical questions of great interest to him.     

Reviews

M eier , C arl A lfred , M.D. Jung's analytical psychology and religion.
J acoby , J olande . Masks of the soul.
G roddeck , G eorge . The meaning of illness.
J ahoda , M arie . Freud and the dilemmas of psychology.     

Mundus Imaginalis: Bridging Body and Spirit

For thousands of years, humanity has grappled with questions about the nature of the mind, the soul, and imagination, wondering from whence images come. The quest to deepen our understanding of mental images and imagination has, by itself, been instrumental in the development of consciousness. Depth psychology still struggles with fundamental questions about the origins of imagination. The concept of the mundus imaginalis, which was introduced by James Hillman into analytical psychology, has its origins in Sufism, the largest form of Islamic mysticism, and was borrowed from the work of Henry Corbin, a major scholar on Islam. This article brings together some ideas from physics with clinical observations and theoretical ideas on mundus imaginalis from analytical psychology and mysticism, and proposes that depth psychotherapy and analysis often involve a deeper connection to mundus imaginalis, requiring a coniunctio between body and spirit. Furthermore, the complex union between mundus imaginalis, body, and spirit may often lead spontaneously to the activation of synchronicity in the dynamic energetic analytic field, further facilitating individuation, healing, and transformation. These ideas have profound implications for a deeper understanding of various states of reverie, including bodily experiences and psychospiritual images/states in the dynamic transference–countertransference field, as well as in art and creativity.     

Pleasure and Illusion in Plato

Plato links pleasure with illusion, and this link explains his rejection of the view that all desires are rational desires for the good. The Protagoras and Gorgias show connections between pleasure and illusion; the Republic develops these into a psychological theory. One part of the soul is not only prone to illusions, but also incapable of the kind of reasoning that can dispel them. Pleasure appears good; therefore this part of the soul (the appetitive part) desires pleasures qua good but ignores reasoning about what is really good. Hence the new moral psychology of the Republic , not all desires are rational, and thus virtue depends on bringing one's non-rational desires under the control of reason.