系列再生法:探讨刻板印象的新思路

系列再生法最早起源于Bartlett(1932)对记忆的研究。在信息传递过程中,该方法旨在寻找被试之间的信息如何传递和变形,其传播变形背后的意义和规律何在。目前应用该方法的最新研究围绕以记忆探测为出发点,寻求记忆链条的传播规律对刻板印象的解释,对该领域的研究起到了积极的推动作用。在评述了系列再生法的基本原理和具体实施方法后,分析了该方法在刻板印象研究中的最新研究证据和未来的应用与展望。     

The Family Rorschach with families of schizophrenics: replication and extension

Using a modified version of procedures outlined by Shapiro and Wild (9), this study evaluates the use of a Family Rorschach technique as a means of distinguishing families of schizophrenic patients from those of psychiatrically hospitalized, nonschizophrenic individuals. The patients were diagnosed using Research Diagnostic Criteria, and families were matched for age, intelligence, and socioeconomic characteristics. Results showed that the families with schizophrenic offspring scored significantly lower (that is, they had more communication and attentional difficulties) than those with nonschizophrenic offspring; offspring gender and family constellation had little effect on scores. Subsequent analyses indicated that lower scores were not simply a reflection of the psychoticism of the patient. These findings suggest that families of schizophrenics have interpersonal communication difficulties that compromise their ability to maintain a shared focus of attention. The findings are consistent with the suggestion that deviant patterns of family communication in interaction with genetic vulnerability in an offspring may result in the development of a schizophrenic disorder.     

The Significance of the Rorschach Method for Consulting Psychology

Abstract

A round-table discussion of the Rorschach test was held at Albany, New York, on May 8, 1937, in connection with the eighth annual meeting of the Association of Consulting Psychologists. There were 32 persons present at this conference with Dr. Bruno Klopfer, of Teachers College, Columbia University, presiding. Dr. Klopfer opened the discussion with a brief survey of the development of the Rorschach method. He presented figures to show the growth of the Rorschach Research Exchange which started with 14 subscribers in the Summer of 1936 and has now reached a total of more than one hundred subscribers in the United States and Europe. He then introduced the various speakers.     

Family Consulting: A New Role for Therapists

A new model for psychological practice entitled, "Family Consulting" is proposed. It is defined as a long-term, intermittent approach to working with families based on a developmental/non-pathological perspective. The specific format of intervention is described in detail. A brief review of the life-span perspective of development, the family life-cycle literature, and object relations family therapy, which serve as the building blocks of the model is provided. The role that family consulting can play in today's managed mental health care environment is discussed.     

Sequential Patterning in Family Interaction: A Methodological Note

Participation rates have traditionally been used to indicate certain aspects of family and group structure. A recently reported indicator is the predictability of sequences of speakers in ongoing interaction; investigators have assumed that the greater the predictability the greater the rigidity, organization or structure of the group. We have examined one method, reported by Haley, for analyzing participation sequences and have shown that findings from the sequential analysis mix the effects of aggregate participation rates with the clustering of participation in time. We suggest an alternate method for measuring the predictability of sequences of speeches that can be more clearly interpreted and that, in combination with other measures, can provide findings which are more complex and more directly relevant to theories of family organization.     

Adult attachment theory and Rorschach Inkblot Method: A systematic literature review

This critical appraisal and synthesis review explores the literature on the evidence of Rorschach Inkblot Method variables as measures of the attachment theory. We searched for publications making use of EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) which included 41 databases of which Academic Search Premier, ScienceDirect, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO yielded the most results. Inclusion criteria were published studies concerning Rorschach and attachment theory where participants were older than 18 years. Non-academic literature and studies not published in English were excluded. We synthesised the evidence following the narrative approach of Petticrew and Roberts (2006 Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (Eds.). (2006). Systematic reviews in social sciences: A practical guide. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470754887[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). Findings suggest texture, oral responses, and Rorschach oral dependency strongly associated with attachment security, with other variables indicating weaker associations with attachment.     

Studying Stepfamilies: Four Eras of Family Scholarship

Historically, there have always been stepfamilies, but until the early 1970s, they remained largely unnoticed by social scientists. Research interest in stepfamilies followed shortly after divorce became the primary precursor to stepfamily formation. Because stepfamilies are structurally diverse and much more complex than nuclear families, they have created considerable challenges for both researchers and clinicians. This article examines four eras of stepfamily scholarship, tracing the development of research questions, study designs and methods, and conceptual frameworks from the mid‐1970s to the present and drawing implications for the current state of the field.     

The Rorschach and Intelligence: A Note of Caution

Abstract

(Goldstein, K. Human Nature. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1940. Pp. 258.): Reviewed By Peter Hampton     

Response Style: A Basis for Rorschach Construct Validity

The Rorschach test situation was defined as an ambiguous power relationship in which the S could respond either by moving away from (Recognition), moving toward (Reaction) or moving against (Proaction) the E. Construct validity was approached by predicting both to a trait (trait validity) and to a different theoretical system (nomological validity). To evaluate trait validity it was predicted that yielders would have more Reactive responses than non-yielders and that non-yielders would have more Proactive responses than yielders. Nomological validity was investigated by predicting into Schachter's (1959) theory of affiliation. First born and only children should produce more Reactive scores than late born children and late born children should produce more Proactive responses than first and only children. The prediction that the non-yielders would produce more Proactive scores than yielders was not sustained. However, the hypotheses about yielding and Reaction, first and only children and Reaction, and late children and Proaction were sustained.