L’évaluation thérapeutique et collaborative : preuves empiriques

This paper covers the empirical research that addressed utility and effectiveness of therapeutic assessment or of its components (i.e., providing individualize feedback to clients). Studies vary in terms of methods and problems addressed but provide the consistent picture of therapeutic assessment as a brief approach which increases process variables related to subsequent treatment and has direct effects of symptoms reduction for a variety of psychological problems. Future directions of studies in this are finally provided.     

Modèle systémique de l'alliance thérapeutique

This article presents Pinsof's (1995) systemic model of therapeutic alliance. Pinsof's systemic model of alliance sees the therapy as an interaction between the systems of the client and those of the therapist. This model is composed of two primary dimensions: an interpersonal system dimension and a content dimension. The first focus on four levels of the alliance between and within the therapist and patient systems. The dimension of content includes three qualities of alliance that cut across the four interpersonal dimensions. We studied the notion of alliance profiles, institutional alliance and the notion of split alliance because the alliance is born and evolutes inside the interaction between the systems of the client and those of the therapist. Thus clients develop an alliance not only with their own therapist but also with the systems in which the therapist operate.     

Évaluation de deux stratégies de régulation émotionnelle : la suppression expressive et la réévaluation cognitive

The main purposes of this study were first to validate a French version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire [Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85 2003 348–362], and second to access whether there are some interindividual differences on emotion regulation (sex and anxiety profile differences). A sample of 591 male and female adults completed a French translation of the ERQ, the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In the same way as in the original version, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that a two-factor model explained the data collected with the French version. Internal reliability scores (Cronbach’s alpha) were 0.76 for the cognitive reappraisal and 0.72 for the expressive suppression. In addition, the findings confirmed that men used more suppression than did women. For anxiety, high suppression and low reappraisal was related to trait-anxiety. Studying these two emotion regulation strategies have a strong interest for several domains such as health, work or education.     

Jardin thérapeutique,outil de prévention du burnout

The aim of this research was to study the effect of the presence of a garden in a hospital care sector on caregiver burnout. Eighty-eight nurses and caregivers from 9 care sectors answered a questionnaire constructed from the theories and scales of Karasek and Theorell. Three types of services were compared (cognitive behavioral unit, palliative care, post-acute and rehabilitation care) with a garden adapted for therapeutic activities versus with a regular garden versus with no garden. The main result was a lesser incidence of burnout in care services with a garden that those without a garden, irrespective of the type of care service, along with an amplification of the benefit with specially-designed gardens. The feeling of strength, both physical and psychological, was less present when the care services did not have a garden. A trend toward an increase in musculoskeletal disorders in services with a therapeutic garden versus no garden was observed. Upon analyzing the results, the authors recommend particular attention in the designing of hospital gardens in order to facilitate the ergonomics of nursing work. The overall results advocate the use of the garden as a systemic structure conducive to work interactions in a specially-designed area.     

Les représentations mentales de l’enfant chez les parents : situation,illustrations et réflexions sur les catalyseurs de changements en évaluation thérapeutique de l’enfant

Therapeutic assessment of the child (TA-C) is a model of psychological assessment that allows for collaborative work with parents and child on their reasons for consultation, a collaboration that breaks away from a traditional double separation (parent/assessor, and assessor/therapist) in child assessment. This paper, grounded in a contemporary psychodynamic viewpoint, presents clinical illustrations to support a conceptualization of change processes in TA-C. It is argued that, in order to revitalize empathy in parents, work focusing on the parents’ mental representation of their child is central. We propose a hierarchy of assessment/therapeutic goals that allows for a better distinction between TA-C and standard assessment in work with children.     

Sensibilité développementale théorique et empirique des items de la Batterie d’Évaluation Cognitive et Socio-émotionnelle (BECS) pour l’évaluation du développement psychologique de très jeunes enfants au développement typique

The Social and Cognitive Evaluation Battery (SCEB) is an instrument specifically created for the examination of pre-school and school-aged children with autism and intellectual disability and recommended by the French High Health Authority (HAS, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2018). The SCEB explores 16 functional abilities, in both cognitive and socio-emotional areas and allows the calculation of domains and areas developmental levels and heterogeneity indices for the global, cognitive and socio-emotional areas. Each of the 16 domains of the SCEB includes behavioral items hierarchized into 4 developmental levels corresponding to 4 age periods (level 1: 4–8 months; level 2: 8–12 months; level 3: 12–18 months; level 4: 18–24 months). The child's assessment provides a profile of the 16 levels of cognitive and socio-emotional development that can be interpreted within the framework of Piaget's (1977) and Fisher's (1980) theory. The study tests the developmental sensitivity of level scores and their adjustment to chronological ages and developmental ages assessed with the Brunet-Lézine Scale for 65 young typical developmental French children aged from 4 months to 24 months. The results show high sensitivity of scores and satisfactory adjustment to chronological and developmental age differences. Normative benchmarks are also given for indices of heterogeneity of development profiles, heterogeneity that decreases with age. Thus, the scores are interpretable in reference to theoretical models and can be used for the study of all developmental characteristics in infant and toddlers’ children with and without neurodevelopmental disorder.     

Émotions et stratégies d’adaptation de prestataires de soins suite à des décès maternels dans le Nord-Kivu

This qualitative study describes the emotional structure and coping strategies associated with maternal death in North Kivu. Based on a heuristic approach, the methodology is based on an iterative process of explicating the experience of maternal death as experienced by the care teams. In conjunction with the transactional model of Lazarus and Folkman, the results focus on four themes: openness to spiritual values, telescoping age identification, use of hygiene strategies and rationalization. The study suggests the establishment of psychological support mechanisms for providers after a maternal death.     

L’évaluation thérapeutique : description de quatre modèles

Since its development, therapeutic assessment (TA) has been used in many different settings and adapted accordingly. There are four different TA models: adult, couple, child and adolescent. This article presents the steps of each model and addresses the specific similarities and differences between them.     

Psychanalyse et existentialisme: A propos de la théorie lacanienne de la subjectivité

Sans résumé     

Les cosmogonies modernes et la théorie de la connaissance

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Examen des pratiques d'évaluation en recrutement et en bilan de compétences

Using two empirical studies, this article compare assessment methods and tools used in personnel selection and career counseling. Subjects are requested to point up their methods and assessment tools, on the one hand by 327 recruiters, on the other hand, by 318 competences reports. The results indicated a spread tendency to use interview and personality assessment tools. This spread tendency to use work psychology tools whatever the assessment context raises thought about choices and representations associated with psychometrical methods.     

Effet placebo et valeur de sens dans l’évaluation des psychothérapies

The evaluation of psychotherapies is on the point of constituting a major stake for the actors of the psychic care under the pressure of the public authorities. The scientific reach which we intend to give to these evaluations must be questioned at an epistemological level. The author questions the status of the placebo effect as well as the methodology of the evaluation of the psychotherapies by the technique of test-retest in the interpretation of the results of randomized studies. He criticizes the interpretation of quantitative data when they are treated as natural values, outside any anthropological theory.     

De la question de l’évaluation psychologique et de la psychométrie en douleur chronique

The practice of psychological assessment is an important step in the evaluation of the complex problems presented by patients dealing with chronic pain. We want to discuss here the framework of intervention of the psychologist in the context, but also shed light on the contributions of this practice to the pain clinic. This will include discussing a joint assessment, combining a psychological assessment referred to as classic with a psychological evaluation specific pain.     

Logique et théorie physique

Conclusion On s'occupe de la logique quantique depuis 1935 et pendant cette période beaucoup de résultats ont été obtenus, encore me suis-je abstenu de mentionner les résultats obtenus ces dernières années par les logiciens dans ce domaine. Certains de ces résultats ont un intérêt direct pour les théories physiques. En particulier on voit de quelles conditions impératives on doit tenir compte quand on effectue un changement de théorie pour passer à une théorie meilleure. L'exemple de la théorie fonctionnelle des corpuscules est significatif.