关于西田哲学中的“东洋文化”——以《善的研究》为中心

日本近代哲学家西田几多郎认为西方哲学是一种对象化的逻辑,然而实在并非独立于意识之外的认识对象,而是知情意合一的意识的统一状态,这种主客合一的直觉主义就是东洋文化的本质。西田在《善的研究》中提出了纯粹经验的概念,试图给贯穿于老庄思想、儒学以及大乘佛教根底里的东方式直觉体悟加以哲学化的阐释,并以此与以逻辑学为基础的西方文化相抗衡。同时西田从一即多这一关于实在的分化发展逻辑出发,将作为有形文化的西方哲学与作为无形文化的东方哲学理解为一个普遍逻辑的两种形态,二者的融合可以形成一个更大的世界性文化。     

西田哲学中的现代性问题

现在我们所说的东方研究仅仅意味着把东方作为一个研究的对象.为了形成一种新的思维方式,需要对东方思维方式进行深刻的反思.但是,迄今为止,这种反思还尚未进行.     

西田哲学中矛盾的现代性:与时局的对抗和屈服

在容忍中抵抗,是后期西田对待当时法西斯主义的基本态度。对"世界新秩序之原理"的探讨是西田哲学中现代性追求的重要表现。在这种原理中一方面要论证建设"大东亚共荣圈"的合理性和日本精神的世界性,同时又力图从所谓"世界性的世界形成主义"这种全体主义中分辨出国家主义或民族主义乃至个性自由的意义。西田哲学以独特的辩证方式来弥缝其中的矛盾,正是一种苦闷的象征。     

日本哲学的哲学性难题与我的道路

本文通过深入考察西田哲学,并结合作者自身的经历,探讨了"日本哲学的哲学性难题"和"在日本的哲学的可能性"问题.指出,西田哲学尤其是 "场所的逻辑" 是以"在希腊乃至西欧之外也可能存在哲学"、"不仅能动性有意义,情感即被动性也具有重要意义"、"'存在'和'有'不具有当然性" 等认识为前提、而且是在要澄清其中大部分问题的方向上进行的思索.在思考日本有没有哲学的问题时,西田哲学具有特殊的意义.     

月杰有哲学吗？（专栏）——日本哲学的哲学性难题与我的道路

本文通过深入考察西田哲学,并结合作者自身的经历,探讨了“日本哲学的哲学性难题”和“在日本的哲学的可能性”问题。指出,西田哲学尤其是“场所的逻辑”是以“在希腊乃至西欧之外也可能存在哲学”、“不仅能动性有意义,情感即被动性也具有重要意义”、“‘存在’和‘有’不具有当然性”等认识为前提、而且是在要澄清其中大部分问题的方向上进行的思索。在思考日本有没有哲学的问题时,西田哲学具有特殊的意义。     

金乔觉的禅学思想

自佛陀在灵山拈花微笑，迦叶悟道，以心印心，禅学便开始流传于世。印度禅宗第二十八祖达摩大师东渡来华，将禅学传入中国。二祖、三祖均在中国的安徽建道场，弘扬佛法。后六祖惠能大师创顿教，给中国佛教注入新鲜血液，将佛教中国化，使中国佛教重焕生机，禅宗在中国自此大兴，禅学思想深入人间，兴盛至今。     

反思日本学界在二战时期的现代性讨论（专栏）——西田哲学中矛盾的现代性：与时局的对抗和屈服

在容忍中抵抗，是后期西田对待当时法西斯主义的基本态度。对“世界新秩序之原理”的探讨是西田哲学中现代性追求的重要表现。在这种原理中一方面要论证建设“大东亚共荣圈”的合理性和日本精神的世界性，同时又力图从所谓“世界性的世界形成主义”这种全体主义中分辨出国家主义或民族主义乃至个性自由的意义。西田哲学以独特的辩证方式来弥缝其中的矛盾，正是一种苦闷的象征。     

冯友兰中国哲学视域中的《大乘起信论》研究

在冯友兰的中国哲学视域中,中国佛教哲学特色鲜明,义理深刻。在梳理中国佛教"格义""教门""宗门"三个发展阶段的基础上,他重点分析了印度佛教与中国佛教在哲学思想上的根本差异。在他看来,印度主流佛教及其传入中国后衍化而成的三论宗、唯识宗乃至神秀禅宗,其哲学思想属于"主观唯心主义";而具有鲜明中国化特征且为中国佛教发展主流的佛教宗派——天台宗、华严宗、慧能禅宗等,其哲学思想则属于"客观唯心主义"。中国化佛教宗派的哲学思想之核心,几乎都奠基于《大乘起信论》之"众生心"即"宇宙的心"概念及其思辨结构。这一"宇宙的心"的哲学思想及其展开对后来宋代理学的兴起也产生了重要影响。     

黄檗禅学智慧及其现代意义

黄檗希运（？-855年），闽人，是南宗禅史上地位极其重要的一位禅学宗师。他的以《传心法要》、《宛陵录》为代表的禅学思想，是继《肇论》、《大乘起信论》之后佛教中国化的又一座理论丰碑，对中国禅学思想的发展产生了重要影响。     

论佛教文化体系的结构与核心

人类的文化,从一定意义上说,可以分为宗教文化和世俗文化两大类型。在宗教文化中,佛教文化占有极其重要的地位。本文试图以中国汉地佛教文化体系为例,就佛教文化体系的结构与核心作一初步的探讨。我想这对于深入把握佛教文化的内在特质、基本精神、特定功能和未来走向,是有意义的。探讨佛教文化体系,首先要对什么是佛教、文化和佛教文化作出明确的界说。     

禅宗的佛性论及其意义

中国禅宗对于整个佛教的贡献不仅仅是成佛的顿悟方法,而且是为这个方法寻找到了佛性论的根据,这就是在继承印度佛教佛性本寂的基础上,又强调了佛性本觉的思想,突出了佛性的主体性和能动性,将佛教的本体论和人生观统一起来,客观地诠释了佛性自觉、反省体悟和顿悟成佛这三者中间的内在逻辑关联性.     

Koan Zen and Wittgenstein's Only Correct Method in Philosophy

Koan Zen is a philosophical practice that bears a strong family resemblance to Wittgenstein's approach to philosophy. In this paper I hope to show that this resemblance is especially evident when we compare the Zen method of koan with Wittgenstein's suggestion, towards the end of his Tractatus, about what would constitute the only correct method in philosophy. Both koan Zen and Wittgenstein's method set limits to the reach of philosophical discourse. Each rules metaphysical speculation out of bounds. Neither, however, represents a rejection of the metaphysical. Where Wittgenstein enjoins silence in the face of the unsayable, a silence that allows the metaphysical to show itself, koan Zen calls for concrete demonstrations of that which cannot be captured in rational discourse. I attempt to illustrate this through discussion of a number of koans that serve as reminders that the philosopher (and Zen master) should say nothing except what can be said.     

The Significance of Jewishness for Wittgenstein's Philosophy

In this paper I consider one of the influential challenges to the notion that perceptual experience might be completely conceptually structured, a challenge that rests on the idea that conceptual structure cannot do justice to the fineness of grain of perceptual experience. In so doing, I canvass John McDowell's attempt to meet this challenge by appeal to the notion of demonstrative concepts and review some criticisms recently leveled at McDowell's deployment of demonstrative concepts for this purpose by Sean D. Kelly. Finally, I suggest that, though Kelly's criticisms might challenge McDowell's original presentation of demonstrative concepts, a modified notion of demonstrative concepts is available to the conceptualist that is proof against Kelly's criticisms.     

Career Development Concepts: Significance and Utility

Trustees of four appropriate professional associations determined the relative value of significant career-development concepts from a preselected list. Comparisons among the trustee groups are made, composite data are reported, suggestions for using the rank-ordered concepts in research as an external criterion are provided, and ideas for incorporating the concepts as topics for group guidance classes are given.     

儒家哲学的人文意义

儒家哲学以“仁”为核心之概念。孔子以“仁”为诸德之首、诸德之全,一方面是为人格之养成建构一个足以涵摄道德实践意义的系统,“苟志于仁,无恶矣!”(《论语·里仁》)仁的意义几乎等同于“善”,而“善”乃人格成全之美善——唯有在人格得以满全的情况下,“善”的意义才可能彻底地被实现出来。     

精神家园:马克思哲学的当代意义

马克思哲学在今天还有没有意义?今天我们为什么还要咀嚼一个生活在100多年前的哲学家的著作?问题并不是对一名普通哲学家的思想的评价,而是对一种作为指导思想的哲学的理解,是一群信奉者的"自我反思".它们所折射的是这些信奉者们在生活变迁面前的"迷惑",反映的是哲学、特别是马克思主义哲学回归现实生活的努力,映证的是马克思哲学所提供的对人生价值和意义的理解在解决现代消费社会的问题时依然有效.     

Thick Ethical Concepts in the Philosophy and Literature of Iris Murdoch

Although thick ethical concepts have been neglected in Murdochian scholarship, this article argues that they were central to the thought of Iris Murdoch. In the first section, the article provides a sustained account of thick ethical concepts in Murdoch's philosophy, demonstrating how these concepts align with and illuminate familiar aspects of her philosophical essays. The first section also explores the ways in which Murdoch's alternative account of moral concepts was at the heart of her overall attack on the noncognitivism of her day. In the second section, the article provides a reading of The Black Prince and considers the ways that thick ethical concepts offer new insight into Murdoch's literary activity. It concludes by suggesting that studying Murdoch's philosophy and literature in light of thick ethical concepts reveals a deep unity between her two intellectual projects.     

Physicalism and Phenomenal Concepts: Bringing Ontology and Philosophy of Mind Together

Though physicalism remains the most popular position in the metaphysics of mind today, there is still considerable debate over how to retain a plausible account of mental concepts consistently with a physicalistic world view. Philip Goff (Australasian Journal of Philosophy 89(2), 191–209, 2011) has recently argued that physicalism cannot give a plausible account of our phenomenal concepts, and that as such, physicalism should be rejected. In this paper I hope to do three things, firstly I shall use some considerations from ontology to rebut Goff’s argument and consider some objections and replies. Secondly, I shall outline a version of a posteriori physicalism about phenomenal consciousness which draws on this particular ontology. Thirdly, I shall give support to this version of physicalism by arguing that it marries well with prominent theories in cognitive science, and has important advantages over other versions of a posteriori physicalism.     

Zen and the Art of Living Mindfully: The Health-Enhancing Potential of Zen Aesthetics

Amidst the burgeoning enthusiasm for mindfulness in the West, there is a concern that the largely secular ‘de-contextualized’ way in which it is being harnessed is denuding it of its potential to improve health and well-being. As such, efforts are underway to ‘re-contextualize’ mindfulness, explicitly drawing on the wider framework of Buddhist ideas and practices in which it was initially developed. This paper aims to contribute to this, doing so by focusing on Zen Buddhism, and in particular on Zen aesthetic principles. The article concentrates on the seven principles identified by Hisamatsu (1971) in his classic text Zen and the Fine Arts: kanso (simplicity); fukinsei (asymmetry); koko (austere sublimity); shizen (naturalness); daisuzoku (freedom from routine); sei-jaku (tranquillity); and yūgen (profound grace). The presence of these principles in works of art is seen as reflecting and communicating insights that are central to Buddhism, such as non-attachment. Moreover, these principles do not only apply to the creation and appreciation of art, but have clear applications for treating health-related issues, and improving quality of life more generally. This paper makes the case that embodying these principles in their lives can help people enhance their psychosomatic well-being, and come to a truer understanding of the essence of mindful living.