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尼采的查拉图斯特拉,尼采的恩培多克勒
我在这里试图通过一度极受欢迎的萨莫萨塔的琉善将尼采的《查拉图斯特拉如是说》解读为恩培多克勒难懂的《净化》(Katharmoi)所引起的共鸣。琉善是公元2世纪的一位讽刺作家, 相似文献
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选取36名大学生,运用眼动技术,探讨不同结构类型文章在重复阅读时主题转换效应的变化特点。被试阅读的材料有两类:一是段落内部各个句子之间为平行关系(平行材料);一是每段第一个句子为该段落主题句(总分材料)。结果发现,两类材料在第一遍阅读过程中均出现了显著的主题转换效应,但在重复阅读时,主题转换效应消失,说明读者在第一遍阅读时已构建了文章的主题结构表征,并以此来指导后面的阅读。该结果支持共同策略假设理论,说明无论文章中是否存在标记,读者在阅读时都会构建一定完善的主题结构表征。 相似文献
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本研究采用自编大学生特质焦虑问卷和斯皮尔伯格特质焦虑问卷测查了497名1至4年级大学生的特质焦虑.结果表明:①自编特质焦虑问卷可以提取五个因子,分别命名为学习焦虑,就业焦虑,人际焦虑,健康焦虑和惧怕否定评价焦虑;②自编问卷有较好的信度和效度,其克伦巴赫a系数、各维度与总分的相关以及与Spielberger焦虑问卷的相关均达到了心理测量学所认可的标准;③在学习焦虑上,有显著的年级差异,年级越高焦虑水平越低;在就业焦虑上,有显著的城乡差异和性别差异,农村学生的焦虑水平高于城市学生,女生高于男生. 相似文献
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结构需求是个体对简单结构、清晰有条理的事物与环境的偏爱和需要,其本质是一种动机,个体通常会以结构严密、有条理或简化复杂信息的认知加工方式将其表现出来。结构需求存在着个体差异性。高结构需求水平的个体能够简化复杂的信息和环境,以清晰和简单的表征与描述去理解、建构他们的世界,从而减少认知资源的支出和消耗,提高认知操作的效率,维持认知与行为倾向的内在稳定。研究者梳理了结构需求的概念内涵、理论基础,介绍了两种主要的结构需求测量工具(PNS-12量表,PNS-11量表),以及结构需求的相关研究,分别从结构需求的前因变量、结果变量的角度对其相关研究进行了阐述。未来研究应深入探究结构需求的概念与结构,拓展其研究方法,研发更加有效的测评工具,深入探讨其影响机制,开展结构需求的中国化研究。 相似文献
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本研究采用问卷法,对南充市3所普通中学的500名初中生进行了调查,考察其抑郁、焦虑的结构和发展特点。研究发现:(1)初中生的抑郁、焦虑都具有一定的内在结构,抑郁包括无助与孤独感、绝望与无价值感、能力减退感、不良心境和生理症状五个维度,焦虑则包括担忧与过敏倾向、对人不安、恐惧倾向、生理症状四个因素;(2)初中生的抑郁与焦虑的总体水平表现出明显的年龄特征,即随年龄的增长,其抑郁与焦虑的水平不断提高,初中二年级是重要的转折期。(3)初中生的抑郁和焦虑情绪有显著的性别差异。 相似文献
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此前,已有西方学者着意探i寸了尼采与庄子的哲学共鸣,如安乐哲(Roger.T.Ames)与Graham Parkes.该文则是在他们研究的基础上,继续从比较哲学视角探讨庄子与尼采的对话,更意在强调:尽管二者之间的"和音"很多,却仍不乏"不谐"之处.庄子与尼采的差异更接近于法语词"differance",是有"从"(defer)有"异"(differ).也正是禀从此一意旨,该文集中通过以下主题--视角(perspective),灵魂意识(sense of soul),欲望(desire)在达致"存在"之启化状态所起作用与地位,自我克服(self-overcoming)相对于自成(self realization).一个内含超越维度文化跟与之相反文化传统的比照,以及水流水深双向"分流"(differance)之隐喻等,进而条析庄子与尼采哲学的合分. 相似文献
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On Speaking Thus: the Semantics of Indirect Discourse 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jane Heal 《The Philosophical quarterly》2001,51(205):433-454
Indexical predication is possible as well as the more familiar indexical reference. 'My curtains are coloured thus' describes my curtains. The indexical predicate expression it contains ('coloured thus') stands to possible non-indexical replacements ('red') as a referring indexical ('he') does to possible non-indexical replacements ('Tom'), in that it calls upon the context of utterance to fix its semantic contribution to the whole. Indexical predication is the natural resource to call upon in talk about skilful human performances, where we exhibit considerable know-how but little explicit know-that. Speech is among such performances. Both direct and indirect speech reports may be illuminated by seeing them in the light of this thought. A corollary of the approach is that the prospects of providing a formal semantic treatment of indirect speech do not look good. 相似文献
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Louis Wekstein 《The Journal of psychology》2013,147(2):341-346
This paper considers the effects of an initial period of “forced” nonconformity on commitment to an independent position in later trials of an Asch-type experiment. Nonconformity was “forced” in the sense that experimental subjects' choices were made to appear deviant by manipulation of the choices of the fictitious discrepant majority who “responded” after experimental subjects. Compared with control subjects who did not experience initial forced deviation, experimental subjects conformed significantly less during a subsequent block of trials where response order was reversed, thereby allowing them to know the choices of the fictitious majority before giving their choice. When the experiment was interpreted within a symbolic interactionism framework, it was hypothesized that two forms of commitment to an independent position, self-commitment and group-commitment, might follow initial “nonconforming” behavior in the group. Data from postsession interviews suggest self-expectations to be more important than imputed group-expectations in the development of a commitment to an independent position. 相似文献
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J. Keeping 《European Journal of Philosophy》2012,20(Z1):E73-E85
Nietzsche's critical stance toward morality appears to support some version of moral relativism. Yet he praises some actions and attributes while condemning others. Are these evaluations expressions of his moral prejudices, or is there a basis for them in his thought? Through a close reading of key passages from Thus Spoke Zarathustra, I attempt to demonstrate that morality for Nietzsche is the historically situated working‐out of will to power and therefore subject to critique on that basis. 相似文献
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早期研究者如Adler、Homey和Ellis认为完美主义是一种单维的人格结构。后来的研究者如Hewitt、Frost等多持多维观点,认为完美主义是由不同因素组成的复杂结构。目前越来越多学者认同完美主义的二维观,认为完美主义有积极和消极之分。今后研究应考虑完美主义的文化因素,同时应从心理咨询、心理治疗和心理健康教育效果的角度来佐证某种结构观的合理性。 相似文献
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《新多明我会修道士》2002,83(980):459-471