THE TORAH OF LEVINASIAN TIME

The topic of time is central to Levinas's philosophy. By examining aspects of the Biblical stories of Abraham and Moses compared with Greek myths, mainly that of Cronos devouring his children, this paper aims to show that Levinas's view of time, though certainly indebted to the Greek (i.e. philosophical) tradition, contains traces of Biblical experiences. Moreover, Levinas's interpretation of time will serve as a concrete demonstration of the way the Jewish experience enables Levinas to express his criticism of the philosophical‐Greek tradition.     

閃光頻率辨認中的时間知觉問題

一、問題 这項研究是从“閃光信号的頻率选择实驗研究”总課題派生出来的一个問題。在进行上述研究,尤其是有关“閃光頻率辨认和等辨量表”的实驗时,許多被試口头报告曾使用数数法,帮助自己辨认閃光的頻率。經与实驗結果对照,发現在閃光頻率低于30—40周/分时,用数数法确实有效,頻率較高(例如100周/分以上)时,則漸难使用数数法了,其轉折点似在50周/分左右。由于閃光頻率与閃光每周的时距有一定的关系,閃光頻率的辨认,归根結底,主要是以时間知觉为基础的。     

青少年时间管理倾向量表的编制

时间管理倾向是个体在运用时间方式上所表现出来的心理和行为特征,具有多维度多层次的心理结构。参照有关文献并结合国内的广泛调查研究,编制出我国青少年时间管理倾向量表。通过对1027名大中学生的探索性因素分析和507名大中学生的验证性因素分析,结果表明时间管理倾向问卷由时间价值感(社会取向和个人取向的时间价值感)、时间监控观(设置目标、计划、优先级、时间分配和反馈性)和时间效能感(时间管理效能和时间管理行为效能)三个维度构成。该量表的因素结构清晰,信度和效度较好,可以作为评鉴青少年时间管理倾向的有效工具。     

COULD WE EXPERIENCE THE PASSAGE OF TIME?

It is usually taken for granted that we could experience the passage of time. Since it seems to us that we experience the passage of time it is therefore assumed that we have prima facie reason to believe that time passes. But this is false; the passage of time could not be an object of experience because it could not cause, shape or influence temporal experience in any way. After explaining each premise of the argument I discuss several objections that are likely to be raised. I also discuss some related epistemic arguments against the passage of time given by Huw Price and David Braddon‐Mitchell along with objections raised against them by Tim Maudlin and Peter Forrest respectively.     

THE TIME-ORDER ERROR IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SUBJECTIVE TIME SCALE

(1) A method to obtain a scale of subjective time unbiased by the time-order error is suggested. (2) The method gives as by-product some preliminary results on the memory process which gives rise to the time-order error. (3) The method is applied in an experimental study. Two methods, the adjustment method and the reproduction method were used to construct a subjective time scale within the range 1–7 seconds. The former method gave an almost linear R-S curve while the latter resulted in a positively accelerated curve. (4) The time-order error seems to be a very rapid process. The memory curve reaches very near its asymptotic value within a few tenths of a second.     

THE EFFECT OF PERFORMANCE TIME AND RETESTING UPON THE FACTOR STRUCTURE OF INTELLIGENCE TESTS

Changes in the factor structure of intelligence tests between early and later stages of performance and between testing and retesting were studied. In addition to factor analyses, correlations between the test scores of various time periods and the final factor scores were computed. The principal findings were the powerful influence of the verbal ability in the initial stages of most tests, the gradual 'purification' of the factors, and the occurrence of a shift of the highest factor loadings of some tests from one factor to another, particularly in tests with increasing item difficulty.     

THE PARTICULARITY OF JESUS AND THE TIME OF THE KINGDOM: PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY IN YODER

John Howard Yoder's work, while appreciated in many respects, is not generally read in a philosophical register. This essay attempts to alter this situation by proposing a relation between his theology and a philosophy of particularity. The project articulates a logic of Jesus that is independent from and antagonistic towards the Powers. This logic is resolutely secular, revolutionary, and creative. I contend that Jesus' “equality with God” amounts to a radical affirmation of history and temporality. Yoder's work is presented as a zone of interference, a particular vantage from which a simultaneous practice of philosophy and theology becomes possible.     

儿童的检测时与智力

采用三种视觉检测时任务,考察了儿童的检测时的特点以及儿童的检测时与智力之间的关系。结果发现：随着年龄的增长,儿童的检测时有逐步减小的趋势;儿童的检测时依赖于加工任务的类型。儿童的检测时与智力测验分数之间具有中等程度的负相关,并且两者之间的相关程度受加工任务和年龄因素的影响;与检测时快的儿童组相比,检测时慢组的检测时能够更好预测其智力测验分数。     

THE IMPORTANCE OF TIME FOR THE INTROMISSION FREQUENCY IN THE MALE RAT MATING BEHAVIOUR

L arsson , K. The importance of time for the intromission frequency in the male rat mating behaviour. Scand. J. Psychol . 1961, 2 , 149–152.—A prolongation of the intervals separating the intromissions in the male rat mating pattern produces a decrease in the number of intromissions to ejaculate. By comparing the length of the interval effective in inducing a reduction of the response frequency in two groups of subjects, one composed of extremely 'slow' animals and another of extremely 'fast' ones, it was found that the appearance of the reduction effect was dependent on the length of the interco-pulatory interval characteristic of the individual. A reduction appeared in all animals when the interval of enforced rest was longer than the normal inter-copulatory interval.     

OPTIMAL TIME OF DAY AND THE MAGNITUDE OF AGE DIFFERENCES IN MEMORY

Abstract— Across two studies comparing younger and older adults, age differences in optimal performance periods were identified (Study 1), and then shown to be an important determinant of memory differences (Study 2). A norming study showed that while most younger adults were Evening or Neutral types, as determined by a standard questionnaire, the vast majority of older adults were Morning types. A second study compared the recognition performance of younger and older adults tested in the morning or in the late afternoon. Substantial age differences were found in the late afternoon, when younger but not older adults were at their optimal times. However, no age differences in memory performance were found in the morning, when older but not younger adults were at their peak period. Thus, synchrony between optimal performance periods and the time at which testing is conducted may well be a critical variable in determining group differences in intellectual performance, particularly between older and younger adults.     

AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF AN UPWARD FEEDBACK PROGRAM OVER TIME

Despite the growing popularity of upward feedback programs, there has been very little research on the effects of upward feedback on changes in managerial performance over time. We examined the effects of implementing an upward feedback program in which subordinates' ratings were collected for 238 first-through fifth-level managers in a large corporation at two points in time about 6 months apart. Research questions drawn from goal-setting, control, and social cognition theories guided our investigation of the effects of (a) receiving feedback, (b) completing self-ratings, (c) managers' initial level of performance, and (d) subordinate's familiarity with the manager on changes over time in the level of ratings and reported opportunity to observe managerial behaviors. Ratings were provided on a 33-item behavioral observation scale that focused on areas such as the manager's commitment to quality, communications, support of subordinates (encouraging participation, coaching), and fairness. Based on subordinates' ratings, managers whose initial level of performance was moderate or low improved over the 6-month period, and this improvement could not be attributed solely to regression to the mean. Also, both managers and their subordinates became more likely over time to indicate that the managers had an opportunity to demonstrate behaviors measured by the upward feedback instrument.     

双眼视差融合允许的延迟时限

用微机化的伪随机点立体图对发生器产生动态随机点立体图对(RDS),显示在左右两个示波器上。每一对RDS图形呈现给左右两眼的时间之间有延迟。具有正常立体视觉的14名被试通过立体镜观察这些图形,检测双眼融合产生鲜明立体图形知觉所允许的延迟时间。设计了三个实验用以检测改变RDS图形的空间参数对延迟时限的影响。第一个实验,改变RDS图形的大小;第二个实验,改变视差的类型和视差的值;第三个实验,改变RDS图形在示波器上的显示位置。结果表明,双眼立体知觉能容许大约50毫秒的延迟,改变RDS图形的空间参数对所允许的延迟时限有一定程度的影响。这些结果提出了,双眼立体视觉信息加工依赖于瞬时视觉信息的存贮,在立体知觉过程中并不涉及双眼视觉信息的短时和长时记忆。