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1.
Best friends and better coping: Facilitating psychological resilience through boys’ and girls’ closest friendships
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Rebecca Graber Rhiannon Turner Anna Madill 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(2):338-358
This is a novel investigation of whether, and how, a single close supportive friendship may facilitate psychological resilience in socio‐economically vulnerable British adolescents. A total of 409 adolescents (160 boys, 245 girls, four unknown), aged between 11 and 19 years, completed self‐report measures of close friendship quality, psychological resilience, social support, and other resources. Findings revealed a significant positive association between perceived friendship quality and resilience. This relationship was facilitated through inter‐related mechanisms of developing a constructive coping style (comprised of support‐seeking and active coping), effort, a supportive friendship network, and reduced disengaged and externalising coping. While protective processes were encouragingly significantly present across genders, boys were more vulnerable to the deleterious effects of disengaged and externalizing coping than girls. We suggest that individual close friendships are an important potential protective mechanism accessible to most adolescents. We discuss implications of the resulting Adolescent Friendship and Resilience Model for resilience theories and integration into practice. 相似文献
2.
This study examined how gender, instrumentality, expressivity and dating status were associated with adolescents?? perceived cross-sex friendship quality. Two hundred sixty-two Hong Kong Chinese heterosexual teenagers (117 males, 145 females) aged 14 to 18 rated the levels of companionship, closeness, help, security and conflict in their best cross-sex friendships. Results showed that girls perceived more help but also more conflicts. Instrumentality and expressivity were consistent correlates of closeness and security, but they predicted other features differently in the two genders. Daters reported higher levels of companionship, closeness and help. Dating girls, in particular, perceived these friendships as involving the highest levels of security. These results provide some support for social role theory and interdependency across adolescents?? social relationships. 相似文献
3.
Jamie L. Frala Ellen W. Leen-Feldner Heidemarie Blumenthal Carolina C. Barreto 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(2):237-247
This study examined the associations among perceived control over anxiety-related events, worry, and both symptoms and diagnoses
of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The sample was comprised of 140 adolescents (60 girls) between the ages of 10 and 17 years
(M
age
= 14.6 years; SD = 2.25) recruited from the general community. Findings were consistent with hypotheses. Self-reported perceived
control over anxiety-related events related negatively to worry as well as symptoms and diagnoses of GAD even after accounting
for variance associated with age, gender, and negative affectivity. Results are discussed in terms of the theoretical implications
that perceived control over anxiety-related events may have for understanding GAD symptomatology among youth. 相似文献
4.
Jelle J. Sijtsema Siegwart M. Lindenberg René Veenstra 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(6):803-813
In this study a homophily selection hypothesis was tested against a default selection hypothesis, to answer whether preferred
and realized friendships of highly aggressive boys differed. In a large peer-nomination sample, we assessed who highly overt
aggressive, low prosocial boys (n = 181) nominated as friends (preferred friendships) and who among the nominated friends reciprocated the friendship (realized
friendships). These preferred and realized friendships were compared with those of less aggressive (n = 1,268) and highly aggressive but also prosocial boys (bi-strategics; n = 55). Results showed that less aggressive boys preferred peers low on aggression, whereas highly aggressive and bi-strategic
boys preferred peers not particular high or low on aggression. In line with default selection, highly aggressive boys ended
up with aggressive peers even though that was not their preference. In general, received support proved an important determinant
of highly aggressive, bi-strategic, and less aggressive boys’ preferred and realized friendships. Especially highly aggressive
boys preferred emotionally supportive friends, but ended up with the least supportive peers. In sum, for friendships of highly
overt aggressive boys, the evidence favors default selection over homophily selection. 相似文献
5.
Oh W Rubin KH Bowker JC Booth-LaForce C Rose-Krasnor L Laursen B 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(4):553-566
Heterogeneity and individual differences in the developmental course of social withdrawal were examined longitudinally in
a community sample (N = 392). General Growth Mixture Modeling (GGMM) was used to identify distinct pathways of social withdrawal, differentiate
valid subgroup trajectories, and examine factors that predicted change in trajectories within subgroups. Assessments of individual
(social withdrawal), interactive (prosocial behavior), relationship (friendship involvement, stability and quality, best friend’s
withdrawal and exclusion/victimization) and group- (exclusion/victimization) level characteristics were used to define growth
trajectories from the final year of elementary school, across the transition to middle school, and then to the final year
of middle school (fifth-to-eighth grades). Three distinct trajectory classes were identified: low stable, increasing, and decreasing. Peer exclusion, prosocial behavior, and mutual friendship involvement differentiated class membership. Friendlessness, friendship
instability, and exclusion were significant predictors of social withdrawal for the increasing class, whereas lower levels of peer exclusion predicted a decrease in social withdrawal for the decreasing class. 相似文献
6.
Randy P. Auerbach Nicole K. Eberhart John R. Z. Abela 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(1):57-68
The goal of the current study was to compare diathesis-stress and transactional models of cognitive vulnerability to depression
in samples of Canadian (n = 118) and Chinese (n = 405) adolescents. We utilized a six-month multi-wave, longitudinal design in order to examine whether (a) perceived control
moderated the association between the occurrence of dependent interpersonal stressors and subsequent increases in depressive
symptoms (i.e., a diathesis-stress perspective) and (b) dependent interpersonal stressors mediated the association between
perceived control and subsequent increases in depressive symptoms (i.e., a transactional perspective). Results from idiographic,
time-lagged, hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that for Canadian adolescents both diathesis-stress and transactional
models were significant predictors of depressive symptomology. When examining the diathesis-stress model, boys, but not girls,
who reported lower perceived control, reported higher levels of depressive symptoms following the occurrence of dependent
interpersonal stress. Gender differences, however, were not present in the transactional model. In contrast, transactional,
but not diathesis-stress, models were significant in Chinese adolescents, and gender differences did not emerge. Overall,
these results may reflect culturally-relevant differences in the etiology of depression in Canadian and Chinese adolescents. 相似文献
7.
Friendships differ in terms of their quality and participants may or may not agree as to their perceptions of relationship quality. Two studies (N = 230 and 242) were conducted to identify distinct and replicable categories of friendship among young adolescents (M = 11.6 years old) using self and partner reports of relationship quality. Same-sex friendships were identified from reciprocated friend nominations. Each friend described perceptions of negativity and social support in the relationship. Cluster analyses based on reports from both friends yielded 4 friendship types in each study: a high quality group, a low quality group, and two groups in which friends disagreed about the quality of the relationship. High quality friendships were most apt to be stable from the 6th to the 7th grade. Participants in high quality friendships reported the highest levels of global self-worth and perceived behavioral conduct and the lowest levels of problem behaviors. Dyads reporting discrepant perceptions of quality differed from dyads who agreed that the friendship was high quality in terms of stability and individual adjustment, underscoring the advantages of person-centered strategies that incorporate perceptions of both partners in categorizations of relationships. 相似文献
8.
Two studies examined the effects of cross-group friendships on heterosexuals' attitudes toward gay men. In Study 1, the authors tested the effects of cross-group friendships with gay men on out-group attitudes, meta-attitudinal strength, and attitude accessibility. The authors simultaneously explored mediational effects of intergroup anxiety. Path analysis showed that cross-group friendships were associated with meta-attitudinally stronger and more accessible out-group attitudes, and the effects on all 3 criterion variables were mediated by intergroup anxiety. In Study 2, the authors sought to replicate the basic results of Study 1, while additionally exploring mediational effects of closeness of cross-group friendship and moderational effects of perceived group typicality. Structural equation modeling showed that cross-group friendships were associated with meta-attitudinally stronger and more accessible out-group attitudes; friendships had indirect effects on all 3 criterion variables, via closeness of friendship and intergroup anxiety. Closeness of friendship only predicted lower intergroup anxiety, however, when the out-group friend was perceived as highly typical. The authors emphasize the importance of considering the nature of out-group attitudes more completely when evaluating the effectiveness of intergroup contact in reducing prejudice. 相似文献
9.
Esma Esen Ciftci Manuela Barreto David Matthew Doyle Jolien van Breen Safi Darden 《European journal of social psychology》2020,50(6):1157-1172
This article examines the role of organisational climate in women's social responses to sexism at work. We argue that after experiences of sexism, women “draw together” with other women when they perceive that the organisational climate is intolerant of sexism. We assess the role of organisational climate at three levels: peer-, manager-, and policy-level. We conducted a correlational study (Nstudy1 = 405) and two experimental studies (Nstudy2 = 377, Nstudy3 = 391), in which we examined women's experiences of sexism at work (measured in Study 1; manipulated in Studies 2 and 3). We also measured perceived tolerance of sexism at the peer-, manager- and policy-level in all studies. The main DVs were women's workplace friendships with other women in Studies 1 and 2, and closeness to female co-workers in Study 3. Results showed that perceived tolerance of sexism from peers was especially important in shaping women's social relationships following experiences of sexism; tolerance from managers or at the policy level had less consistent effects. Specifically, experiences with sexism were positively associated with female participants' reported friendship (Studies 1 and 2) and closeness (Study 3) with their female colleagues, but only when peers were perceived not to tolerate sexism. When peers were perceived to tolerate sexism, female participants did not respond to sexism by drawing together. 相似文献
10.
Robert F. Valois Keith J. Zullig E. Scott Huebner J. Wanzer Drane 《Applied research in quality of life》2009,4(4):315-331
This study explored associations between youth developmental assets (i.e., support by parents/other adults; accountability
to adults; empowerment; school support; values regarding risk behaviors; quantity of other adult support; empathetic relationships)
and adolescents’ perceptions of overall life satisfaction. Public high school students (N = 3,477) completed a self-report questionnaire. Analyses were conducted to examine relationships between developmental assets
and perceived life satisfaction while controlling for socioeconomic status. Results indicated that significant (p ≤ .05) associations were established for perceived support by parents/other adults for all four race/gender groups, self and peer values regarding risk behavior for black females, quality of other adult support for black males and white females and life satisfaction for adolescents. Significant (p ≤ .05) associations were also established for perceived support by parents/other adults for White males and Black males, accountability to parents/other adults for White females, quality of other adult support for White males and Black females and for empathetic relationships for all four race/gender groups. Results suggest that perceived life satisfaction is related to youth developmental assets,
although moderated by gender and race differences. Further research is necessary to identify the particular characteristics
of youth and specific aspects of adolescent life satisfaction associated with youth developmental assets in order to develop
gender appropriate and culturally sensitive health promotion programs. 相似文献
11.
Cross‐group friendships and outgroup attitudes among Turkish–Kurdish ethnic groups: does perceived interethnic conflict moderate the friendship‐attitude link?
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We investigated associations between cross‐group friendships, perceived interethnic conflict, and outgroup attitudes in the context of intractable Turkish–Kurdish conflict in Turkey. Measures of cross‐group friendship quantity, perceived conflict, outgroup attitudes, multiculturalism, and outgroup responsibility for conflict were completed by Turkish (N = 320) and Kurdish (N = 153) participants (Mage = 21, 156 males, 317 females). Both cross‐group friendships and perceived conflict were related to outcome variables. While cross‐group friendships were beneficial for both groups’ outgroup attitudes when perceived conflict was lower; when perceived conflict level was higher, positive associations between friendships and attitudes became non‐significant for the Turkish group and negative for the Kurdish group. Implications of the findings for the intergroup contact theory have been discussed. 相似文献
12.
The goal of this study was to examine the ability of friendship to moderate the association between behavioral risk and peer
victimization for girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 140) and comparison girls (n = 88) in a 5-week naturalistic summer camp setting. Participants were an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse group of
girls ages 6–12. Parents and teachers reported on pre-summer internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior, and social competence.
Participants reported on friendships and peer victimization through a peer report measure at the summer camps; friendship
was scored via mutual nominations. Pre-summer externalizing behavior, internalizing behavior, and low social competence predicted
peer victimization at the summer camps. Friendship moderated the association between behavioral risk and victimization for
the entire sample, such that the presence of at least one friend reduced the risk of victimization. Additional analyses suggested
that girls with ADHD were no more or less protected by the presence of a friendship than were comparison girls. Finally, preliminary
analyses suggested that girls having only friends with ADHD were not significantly less protected than girls with at least
one comparison friend. Future directions and implications for intervention are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Miranda Sentse Siegwart Lindenberg Annelies Omvlee Johan Ormel René Veenstra 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(1):119-130
In a large sample of early adolescents (T2: n = 1023; M age = 13.51; 55.5% girls) it was investigated whether the effects of parental and peer acceptance and rejection on psychopathology
(externalizing and internalizing problems) remain when taking into account both contexts simultaneously. Moreover, we examined
whether acceptance in one context can buffer rejection in the other. It was found that when analyzing peer and parent effects
simultaneously (1) the protective effect of parental acceptance and the risk effect of peer rejection were diminished; (2)
the protective effect of peer acceptance and the risk-effect of parental rejection remained strong; and (3) peer acceptance
buffered parental rejection but parental acceptance did not buffer peer rejection. The results imply that the parent and peer
contexts are interdependent. Implications and directions for future research are given. 相似文献
14.
Francesca Shipp G. Leonard Burns Chris Desmul 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(4):557-564
Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the construct validity of an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention,
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional defiant disorder toward adults, academic
and social competence factor model with teacher ratings of Thai adolescents (n = 872) with the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory. The five-factor model resulted in an adequate fit in
an absolute sense (i.e., CFI = .960; TLI = .985; RMSEA = .065; and WRMR = .883). All the items had significant and substantial
loadings on their respective factors (i.e., > .78) with the five-factors showing discriminant validity. The five-factor model
also resulted in similar results for boys and girls separately as well as younger and older adolescents. The current findings
with the teacher version of the measure in conjunction with earlier research with mothers’ and fathers’ ratings of Brazilian,
Thai, and American children (Burns et al., Psychological Assessment, 20, 121-130, 2008) and Thai adolescents (Burns et al., Psychological Assessment, 21, 635-641, 2009) provide increasing support for the construct validity of Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory within multiple
cultures. Procedures are also outlined to improve the content validity as well as test the construct validity of forthcoming
parent and teacher DSM-V ADHD/ODD rating scales. 相似文献
15.
Studies of adults with depression point to characteristic neurocognitive deficits, including differences in processing facial
expressions. Few studies have examined face processing in juvenile depression, or taken account of other comorbid disorders.
Three groups were compared: depressed children and adolescents with conduct disorder (n = 23), depressed children and adolescents without conduct disorder (n = 29) and children and adolescents without disorder (n = 37). A novel face emotion processing experiment presented faces with ‘happy’, ‘sad’, ‘angry’, or ‘fearful’ expressions
of varying emotional intensity using morphed stimuli. Those with depression showed no overall or specific deficits in facial
expression recognition accuracy. Instead, they showed biases affecting processing of low-intensity expressions, more often
perceiving these as sad. In contrast, non-depressed controls more often misperceived low intensity negative emotions as happy.
There were no differences between depressed children and adolescents with and without conduct disorder, or between children
with comorbid depression/conduct disorder and controls. Face emotion processing biases rather than deficits appear to distinguish
depressed from non-depressed children and adolescents. 相似文献
16.
Julie C. Bowker Kenneth H. Rubin 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2009,27(2):249-267
The correlates between public and private self‐consciousness and internalizing difficulties were examined during early adolescence. Friendship quality was assessed as a possible moderator of the relation between self‐consciousness and maladjustment. One hundred and thirty‐seven young adolescents (N=87 girls; M age=13.98 years) reported on their self‐consciousness, internalizing problems, and the quality of their best friendship. Results indicated stronger associations between private self‐consciousness and internalizing correlates than between public self‐consciousness and internalizing problems, suggesting that private self‐consciousness may be a stronger risk factor during adolescence. Contrary to expectations, evidence revealed that positive friendship quality may exacerbate some difficulties associated with self‐consciousness. Results pertaining to friendship quality add to the growing literature on the ways in which friendships can contribute to adjustment difficulties. 相似文献
17.
《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2013,10(5):634-641
This study evaluated a short friendship questionnaire providing a balanced assessment of positive (e.g., support) and negative (e.g., jealousy) friendship features. In addition, associations with indices of adaptive functioning versus psychopathology were tested. The friendship questionnaire was presented to 548 typically developing children and young adolescents (M age = 11;01 years). Results confirmed validity and independence of the two friendship features, and showed that negative friendship features were uniquely associated with symptoms of psychopathology, whereas both positive and negative features were, in opposite directions, uniquely associated with aspects of socioemotional functioning. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of gender role orientation on factors related to same- and cross-sex friendship formation. Participants (N = 278) completed a version of the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Each participant listed their closest friends, the sex of each friend, and the closeness level of each relationship. They also indicated whether they prefer same- or cross-sex friendship. The results suggest that gender role orientation affects inclination for cross-sex friendship, particularly the relative frequency of cross-sex friendship. Feminine men had a significantly higher proportion of cross-sex friendships than did masculine men, and masculine women had a significantly higher proportion of cross-sex friendships than did feminine women. A significant number of participants indicated that they did not prefer one sex or the other for friendship. Gender role orientation had no impact on levels of closeness in either same- or cross-sex friendship. 相似文献
19.
This study examined transactional associations between responses to peer stress and depression in youth. Specifically, it
tested the hypotheses that (a) depression would predict fewer effortful responses and more involuntary, dysregulated responses
to peer stress over time; and (b) fewer adaptive and more maladaptive responses would predict subsequent depression. Youth
(M age = 12.41; SD = 1.19; 86 girls, 81 boys) and their maternal caregivers completed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires at three
annual waves. Multi-group comparison path analyses were conducted to examine sex and stress-level differences in the proposed
reciprocal-influence model. In girls and in youth exposed to high levels of peer stress, maladaptive stress responses predicted
more depressive symptoms and adaptive stress responses predicted fewer depressive symptoms at each wave. These findings suggest
the utility of preventive interventions for depression designed to enhance the quality of girls’ stress responses. In boys,
depression predicted less adaptive and more maladaptive stress responses, but only at the second wave. These findings suggest
that interventions designed to reduce boys’ depressive symptoms may help them develop more adaptive stress responses. 相似文献
20.
Lore Willem Patricia Bijttebier Laurence Claes Antje Uytterhaegen 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(2):282-292
The present study investigated the associations between temperamental reactivity, drinking motives, alcohol consumption and
alcohol-related consequences. Furthermore, it investigated whether drinking motives mediate the relations between temperamental
reactivity and the alcohol use variables. The sample consisted of 188 adolescents (64.9% boys) between the ages of 13–20 years
(M
age
= 16.9, SD = 1.32). Results revealed that the temperament factors of high BAS fun seeking and high negative affectivity were related
to alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences respectively. Furthermore, high social and enhancement motives and
low conformity motives were associated with alcohol consumption, whereas high coping-depression motives were associated with
alcohol-related consequences. Finally, the relation between BAS fun seeking and alcohol consumption was mediated by enhancement
and social motives and the association between negative affectivity and alcohol-related consequences was mediated by coping-depression
motives. These results highlight the importance of focusing on temperament profiles and their associated drinking motives
in the prevention and intervention of alcohol use problems among adolescents. 相似文献