Integrating Psychotherapeutic Processes with Cognitive Behavioral Procedures

There has been a recent focus on the processes that underlie intervention delivery for children and adolescents throughout the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) literature. Certain process variables have been associated with treatment outcome among youth receiving CBT. Data for these process variables including: the therapeutic alliance or therapeutic relationship, child and parent involvement, other child and therapist variables, and issues of diversity, are reviewed. Based on this data, specific clinical recommendations are made. The treatment relationship as a very important process (VIP), and the facilitation of CBT so that it is real and relevant to youth are emphatically discussed. Process issues in modular CBT are identified. Ultimately, genuine collaborative empiricism and guided discovery preserve the therapeutic relationship as a VIP, and foster the customization of therapeutic tools and the treatment trajectory.     

Assessment Center Procedures: Cognitive Load During the Observation Phase

This study explores the traditional procedure of observing assessment center exercises while taking notes vs. an alternative procedure where assessors merely observe and postpone note‐taking until immediately after the exercise. The first procedure is considered to be cognitively demanding due to the requirement of simultaneous note‐taking and observing. Also, dual task processing (concurrent observing and note‐taking) is considered to be especially demanding for assessors without rating experience. The procedures are evaluated using a 2 × 2 design (with note‐taking/without note‐taking × experienced/inexperienced). Some 121 experienced and inexperienced assessors rated videotaped candidates, observing either with or without taking notes. Results showed that experienced assessors yield significantly higher differential accuracy than inexperienced assessors. We did not find an effect of observation procedure on accuracy, interrater reliability or halo. Implications for future research are described.     

Execution architectures for program algebra

We investigate the notion of an execution architecture in the setting of the program algebra PGA, and distinguish two sorts of these: analytic architectures, designed for the purpose of explanation and provided with a process-algebraic, compositional semantics, and synthetic architectures, focusing on how a program may be a physical part of an execution architecture. Then we discuss in detail the Turing machine, a well-known example of an analytic architecture. The logical core of the halting problem—the inability to forecast termination behavior of programs—leads us to a few approaches and examples on related issues: forecasters and rational agents. In particular, we consider architectures suitable to run a Newcomb Paradox system and the Prisoner's Dilemma.     

Acceptance of Labels for Behavioral Response-Reduction Procedures and the Users of Those Procedures

The Psychological Record - The acceptability of labels for behavioral response-reduction procedures and the users of those procedures was evaluated. Introductory psychology students read a lesson...     

超高龄患者外科手术治疗的思考

80岁以上需要手术的超高龄患者日益增多,但他们合并症多,手术风险大,手术后易发生并发症。做好围手术期的处理及选择简单、有效的手术方式是保证患者生命安全的重要因素。超高龄患者虽然有权利决定是否接受手术,但主要的决定权是由家属掌握。因此,医生与家属的充分沟通也非常重要。     

Procedures for computerized testing

The concept of tailored testing is defined in general terms and in terms of its major components: item calibration, item selection, and ability estimation. Each of the components is described and the available methods are summarized. The end result is a 12-category classification scheme based on the component parts. Four specific procedures are described. References are presented to suggest that the more adaptive procedures are capable of more precise measurement.     

超高龄患者外科手术治疗的思考

80岁以上需要手术的超高龄患者日益增多,但他们合并症多,手术风险大,手术后易发生并发症.做好围手术期的处理及选择简单、有效的手术方式是保证患者生命安全的重要因素.超高龄患者虽然有权利决定是否接受手术,但主要的决定权是由家属掌握.因此,医生与家属的充分沟通也非常重要.     

"认知革命"与"第二代认知科学"刍议

以计算隐喻为核心假设的传统认知心理学以及联结主义心理学均不能克服离身心智（disembodied mind）的根本缺陷,当代认知心理学正面临着新的范型转换．以具身性和情境性为重要特征的第二代认知科学将日受重视,并促使认知神经科学进入新的发展阶段。作者认为在身心关系上应该坚持生理只是心理的必要条件,而非充分条件的赢场,克服生理还原论的危险;应该重新审视基于二元论的生理机制这种说法;心理学传统中的科学主义和人文主义有可能在第二代认知科学强调认知情境性的基础上达成某种融合;第一代认知科学对意识的研究是不成功的,因为对知觉、注意、记忆、思维等心理过程的研究不能代替意识的研究,同时还应避免以意识内容的研究取代心理学研究的倾向、第二代认知科学中的动力系统理论关于变量（因素）之间的偶合（coupling）关系完全不同于变差分析巾的变量之间的交互作用关系,其动力系统模式可能更有助于破解意识的产生（涌现）之谜,并引发心理学研究的方法论的变革新潮,第二代认知科学的兴起将启发人们对身心关系、生理还原论、意识研究在心理学中的地位、人工智能对心智完全模拟的可能性等重夫问题重新思考。     

An Illocutionary Logical Explanation of the Surprise Execution

This paper further develops the system of illocutionary logic presented in ‘Propositional logic of supposition and assertion’ (Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 1997, 38, 325-349) to accommodate an ‘I believe that’ operator and resolve Moore's Paradox. This resolution is accomplished by providing both a truth-conditional and a commitment-based semantics. An important feature of the logical system is that the correctness of some arguments depends on who it is that makes the argument. The paper then shows that the logical system can be expanded to resolve the surprise execution paradox puzzle. The prisoner's argument showing that he can't be executed by surprise is correct but his beliefs are incoherent. The judge's beliefs (and our beliefs) about this situation are not incoherent.     

Selection Procedures in North America

The selection practices of organizations in Canada and the United States are reviewed. These practices are notable insofar as they rarely represent the most valid procedures, nor do they tend to be based on current research knowledge. Some reasons for the current state of selection and assessment procedures include knowledge of appropriate devices, professional competence, and client limitations. The challenge of complying with human rights legislation in North America is viewed by many practitioners as a selection constraint. It is argued, however, that legal requirements support valid selection practices by demanding professional accountability.     

On the Modification of Clinical Procedures

All sciences depend for their progress on the modification of existing procedures and the clinical sciences arc no exception. The question is raised whether the restriction of modifications of clinical procedures, even though legally defensible, is socially and scientifically helpful.     

介入手段与病人安全

卫生保健背景下,影响病人安全有4个基本要素或环节:规范做法、产品、操作和系统.这4个环节中任一出错,都会对病人安全带来直接的损害或不良影响,对它们进行有效控制就会使医疗错误降低到最低限度,使病人获得最大化的安全和收益.探讨介入诊疗手段在这4个方面对病人安全的潜在威胁.     

Procedures for synthesizing ratio judgements

Requirements which seem reasonable for functions synthesizing judgements (quantities or their ratios), in particular separability, associativity or bisymmetry, cancellativity, consensus, reciprocal or homogeneity properties are investigated and all functions satisfying them are determined.     

介入手段与病人安全

卫生保健背景下,影响病人安全有4个基本要素或环节:规范做法、产品、操作和系统。这4个环节中任一出错,都会对病人安全带来直接的损害或不良影响,对它们进行有效控制就会使医疗错误降低到最低限度,使病人获得最大化的安全和收益。探讨介入诊疗手段在这4个方面对病人安全的潜在威胁。     

认知操作、认知方式与外倾性人格特质的关系

对28名外倾被试和28名内倾被试进行实验性认知测试,以考察认知操作、认知方式与外倾性人格特质的关系。结果表明,内外倾被试在含有社会认知操作、非社会认知操作的认知任务的测试总分上没有差异,而在社会认知一非社会认知方式的评价分数上存在显著差异。外倾被试更多地倾向于社会认知型认知方式,内倾被试更多地倾向于非社会认知型认知方式。研究结果支持了外倾性与智力关系的假设：外倾性与社会认知一非社会认知的认知方式存在相关关系,而与认知操作测试总分无关。     

Temperamental Factors in the Execution of Interrupted Editing Tasks

The question investigated in this study is how the temperament traits of strength of excitation (SE), strength of inhibition (SI), and mobility (MO) affect behaviour during the execution of computer tasks and tasks interrupting them. Several hypotheses, partly derived from the regulative theory of temperament, were tested in an experiment in which the natural environment and the types of task commonly performed by secretaries were simulated. The sample consisted of 39 female secretaries (21–64 years old). It was found that individuals high on SE and MO needed less time to resume tasks after an interruption than individuals low on these temperament traits. Interruptions similar to the main task resulted in longer resumption times for low-SE individuals. MO was negatively related to the time needed to perform the main task. A model describing the relationship between the frequency of switches between tasks and the speed of task performance in low-MO and high-MO individuals is presented.