Introduction to the Special Issue: Toward Diversity and Cultural Competence in Genetic Counseling

This introduction provides an overview of the professional issues and original research papers in this special issue. The articles address workforce challenges and/or cross-cultural education and communication with culturally and religiously diverse clients. Additional suggestions are made for moving the profession of genetic counseling toward diversity and cultural competence.     

论心理咨询本土化:基于文化的视角

随着心理学文化转向热潮的兴起,心理咨询越来越重视文化的因素,一般从两个途径去探讨文化因素是如何影响心理咨询的。基于对本土研究成果的理解,以及我国心理咨询本土化已取得的成就和不足,本土心理咨询模式的架构应从中国本身的思维特性及对自我的认识入手,发展出本土的心理咨询的理论和模式。     

Toward a Psychological Science for a Cultural Species

ABSTRACT— Humans are a cultural species, and the study of human psychology benefits from attention to cultural influences. Cultural psychology's contributions to psychological science can largely be divided according to the two different stages of scientific inquiry. Stage 1 research seeks cultural differences and establishes the boundaries of psychological phenomena. Stage 2 research seeks underlying mechanisms of those cultural differences. The literatures regarding these two distinct stages are reviewed, and various methods for conducting Stage 2 research are discussed. The implications of culture-blind and multicultural psychologies for society and intergroup relations are also discussed.     

A Preliminary Analysis of Counseling Students' Attitudes Toward Counseling Women and Women of Color: Implications for Cultural Competency Training

In this study, 56 counseling students responded to peer‐generated presentations on counseling women and counseling women of color. Qualitative methodology was used to identify students' racial, ethnic, and gender attitudes in counseling contexts. Implications for cultural competency training are provided.     

心理咨询:存在问题与解决方案

随着社会的发展,心理咨询也得到相应的进展.由于心理咨询本身的特殊性,要求它必须在一些特殊的规范下才能健康发展.然而,心理咨询当前的状况令人堪忧.从主办机构、培训招考和从业监督三个角度分析了当前存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策.     

关于心理咨询和心理健康教育中国化的思考

适应我国经济社会发展的需要,20世纪80年代以来,心理咨询和心理健康教育在中国大地上迅速地发展了起来。我们看到,在20年左右的时间里,中国的心理咨询和心理健康教育从对个别心理障碍问题咨询发展到对广大青少年进行心理健康教育,从少数学者的宣传、实践发展到成为现代教育中不可缺少的内容,从自发的学术活动发展到政府教育部门的一项工作．发展迅速。我们作为这项事业较早的参与者,深感欣慰。同时,我们也感到心理咨询和心理健康教育的中国化对发展中国的心理咨询和心理健康教育必要性和重要性。对此,我们谈谈对这个问题的一些看法。     

Counseling Without Truth: Toward a Neopragmatic Foundation for Counseling Practice

The author presents an overview of contemporary developments in philosophy regarding the status of truth and discusses the implications of these ideas for the practice of counseling. Counseling without truth is presented as a desirable option when a neopragmatic frame of reference is adopted.     

心理辅导的新进展

心理辅导是八十年代从西方引入我国的一门心理学应用学科与服务工作。辅导的英文是ｃｏｕｎｓｅｌｉｎｇ,我国内地译作咨询 ,台湾译为咨商 ,香港译为辅导。笔者经过多年揣摩和实践 ,觉得香港的译法更好。心理辅导在发达国家已有近百年的历史 ,近年来出现了一些新的发展趋势和苗头。在此仅就个人阅历所及 ,择其要者做一概括介绍。因心理辅导与心理治疗 (ｐｓｙｃｈｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ)关系十分密切 ,本文所列各项进展同样适用于心理治疗。1　方法兼容 ,打破学派分立的局面　　在心理学短短百余年的历史中 ,学派林立 ,百家争鸣 ,对心理辅导理论…     

Assessment in Career Guidance: Toward Truly Developmental Counseling

The model of assessment in educational and vocational counseling is the “matching model.” It inhibits developmental counseling. A stage-theory model is proposed instead and is case illustrated.     

幽默在心理治疗中的应用

幽默治疗是将幽默技术引入心理治疗,使当事人获得身心健康且能以幽默的态度看待生活的一种方法或手段.幽默治疗风险与机会并存,但只要遵循其理论基础,选择恰当的时机和形式,考虑到当事人的个体和文化差异,其风险就会降到最低.研究显示幽默治疗的使用存在争论,所以在治疗过程中要谨慎地引入,避免滥用或误用.     

Counseling Muslim Americans: Cultural and Spiritual Assessments

In this article, the authors identify the cultural and spiritual assessments needed to conduct counseling with Muslim Americans and Muslim immigrants to the United States. Assessment processes are outlined that include cultural identity (which subsumes several variables); worldview; spiritual assessment along with acculturation level and migration concerns; impact of languages spoken; social, occupational, and educational status of the client in host culture and in home culture (if the client is an immigrant); and family composition and social supports.     

Research in Consultation: Toward Better Analogues and Outcome Measures

Recommendations for improving consultation research include (a) strengthening consultation analogue research by incorporating “boundary” conditions into research designs and (b) extending the outcome measures used.     

Psychological Aspects of Genetic Counseling: XII. More on Counseling Skills

Three brief excerpts of genetic counseling sessions are analyzed to illustrate difficulties in applying counseling skills. Suggestions are advanced as to how genetic counselors might improve their competence in counseling practices and handle such issues as transference more effectively.     

Psychological Time in Later Life: Implications for Counseling

Psychological time consists of cognitive constructs, images, and symbolic representations. It has different dimensions such as the experience of time, time perspective, attitudes and beliefs toward time, and the individual's behavior relating to time. Psychological time undergoes changes throughout the life span and is an integral part of the psychological developmental processes. In later life, it may be particularly dissonant with environmental rhythms and require re‐integration of the individual's past, present, and future. This article suggests several guidelines for counseling practice that address the many facets of psychological time in later life and their implications for the mental health and well‐being of older people.