从社会智力到情感智力--对社会智力与情感智力理论的探讨

在智力的研究中,社会智力(social intelligence)和情感智力(emotional intelligence)是先后被心理学家提出的概念。本文试图对这两个概念出现及其相关研究进展过程进行回顾、总结和简单的评价,并提出以下一些未来可以进行探讨的问题：(1)就概念而言,社会智力和情感智力相互的关系究竟如何?(2)在智力的这一领域的研究中,概念的内涵究竟大一些好还是小一些好?(3)概念的提出,是重理论严谨性还是重应用性?(4)如何解决好的概念和研究思路与困难的理论构建和实际测量之间的矛盾?     

文化智力量表信效度检验及与大五人格的关系

目的:考察在中国文化背景下,文化智力(C)I的结构是否符合四因素模型以及探索其与大五人格各维度的相关性。方法:采用问卷调查法,通过使用往返翻译出的CIQ问卷中文版对140名在校中国大学生、研究生进行施测,并对结果进行了相关分析、探索性因素分析。结果:文化智力中文版的各维度α系数为0.794-0.877。探索性因素分析得出原有模型一致的三个因素:认知、动机、行为共可解释55.5%的变异,因素负荷范围为0.314-0.849。结论:文化智力四因素模型在中国大学生与研究生被试中不具有跨文化的一致性;初步证明了文化智力中文问卷的构思效度。中国文化智力量表与大五人格各维度相关关系不显著。     

略论智力测验发展的现状与趋势

智力是心理学的重要研究领域之一,智力测验的发展也有近百年的历史。受智力理论和测验理论发展的影响,当代智力测验的发展呈现出一些新特点和新趋向。     

智力分布纵论

智力分布本是心理测量的一项重要内容,但众多心理测量教材往往对此论述不足。因此,本文详述有关智力分布的4个论题:(1)正确理解智商组别的组距和组限的表述;(2)4种智力中等标准之比较;(3)3种智力超常标准之比较;(4)如何计算智力分布类别的理论百分比。     

智力及其测量研究的新进展

本文论述了有关智力测量及智力理论研究的最新发展.从智力的测验到智力本质有各种不同的见解,但人们普遍接受智力的多样性的观点.正是这种多样性的智力使人们以符合环境要求的方式适应、选择和改善环境.     

Fluid insight moderates the relationship between psychoticism and crystallized intelligence

To elucidate potential relationships between personality and intelligence it is necessary to move beyond the ad hoc reporting of correlation coefficients and focus instead on testing deductions from well-established theories. To this end the present paper references Eysenck’s (1995) theoretical work linking the dimension of psychoticism to both psychosis and creative genius. Drawing on this theory it was argued that the relationship between psychoticism and crystallized ability will be conditional on the level of fluid intelligence. Participants (N = 100) completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT). Moderated multiple regression revealed a significant interaction effect. Crystallized ability (K-BIT vocabulary) was negatively related to psychoticism at low levels of fluid ability (K-BIT matrices) and positively related to psychoticism at high levels of fluid ability. These findings highlight the potential importance of psychoticism within GfGc investment theory.     

智力开发的基本理念与实践

以高度分化的g因素研究为理论基础,智力开发活动形成了神经潜能开发、心理管理与反省经验开发、专家技能开发、多元智力开发、社会分布式认知开发、知识表征重组开发、环境重组开发等智力要素开发理念以及一些代表性的实践。随着对智力结构的整合研究的出现和不断深入,智力开发理念和模式将由分化的要素开发向整合开发转变,以智力与其他心理结构、智力与内部世界和外部世界系统关系为基础的智力开发将是理论和实践研究的重点内容     

实践智力、社会智力、情绪智力的概念及其教育价值

传统智力测验的单一性和其预测的有限性为其它类型智力概念的提出留下了空间。实践智力、社会智力和情绪智力分别从实际解决问题,与人相处及情绪知觉、调节和情绪对思维的促进等不同角度对智力概念进行了强调和扩展。它们与传统的智力理论并不矛盾,只是各有侧重。此外,不同智力概念的提出对教育观念和教育模式的改变亦会有所启发。     

智力理论的新进展及其教育涵义

当代智力研究取得了不少新的进展：从静态智力观走向动态智力观、从纯智力观走向文化智力观、从单维智力观走向整合的智力观。这些新进展给予教育新的启示：智力开发能成为教育的现实的目标;正确认识个别差异,实施多元评价;要在具体的情境中开发智力;将智力开发当作系统工程。     

Validity evidence for the situational judgment test paradigm in emotional intelligence measurement

To date, various measurement approaches have been proposed to assess emotional intelligence (EI). Recently, two new EI tests have been developed based on the situational judgment test (SJT) paradigm: the Situational Test of Emotional Understanding (STEU) and the Situational Test of Emotion Management (STEM). Initial attempts have been made to examine the construct‐related validity of these new tests; we extend these findings by placing the tests in a broad nomological network. To this end, 850 undergraduate students completed a personality inventory, a cognitive ability test, a self‐report EI test, a performance‐based EI measure, the STEU, and the STEM. The SJT‐based EI tests were not strongly correlated with personality and fluid cognitive ability. Regarding their relation with existing EI measures, the tests did not capture the same construct as self‐report EI measures, but corresponded rather to performance‐based EI measures. Overall, these results lend support for the SJT paradigm for measuring EI as an ability.     

浅谈情绪智力与人工智能中的感情计算

基于情绪智力是加工、处理情绪及情绪信息的能力,而人工智能中的感情计算是要赋予计算机与人互动过程中情感信息的加工能力,人脑处理情绪信息的能力与电脑处理情绪信息的能力可以进行类比。近几年来,人工智能专家已经认识到情绪智力在感情计算中的重要作用和意义,把人类识别和表达情感的能力赋予计算机,开发了具有部分感情能力的计算机。新一代感情计算机的研发和应用依赖于人工智能专家与心理学家之间的密切合作,两者的研究成果可以相互借鉴和互补     

An examination of the structural, discriminant, nomological, and incremental predictive validity of the MSCEIT© V2.0

We examined the structural, discriminant, nomological, and incremental predictive validity of a behavioral measure of emotional intelligence, using data from two undergraduate student samples. Covariance structure modeling indicated that the eight subscales of the MSCEIT© V2.0 were best modeled with a solution consisting of three first-order factors, and supported the existence of one higher-order factor of overall emotional intelligence. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the higher-order factor had discriminant validity from personality and conformity. Contrary to prediction, the higher-order factor was more highly correlated to social desirability than to general mental ability or long term affect. Finally, hierarchical regression results indicated that overall emotional intelligence did not predict incremental variance in either GPA or life satisfaction.     

大学生情绪智力特征的研究

本研究采用自编的大学生情绪智力量表．对重庆地区801名本科大学生情绪智力的特征进行了调查和分析。结果表明：大学生情绪智力量表具有较高的信度、效度,能够较客观地测量大学生的情绪智力的结构性特点;大学生的情绪智力总体上表现出积极的趋势,但其结构内部的发展不平衡,情绪的意识因素的发展高于情绪的行为因素;大学生的情绪智力存在显著的性别差异、一定的专业差异和一定的年级差异。     

现代老年人智力的衰退与发展--关于卡特尔晶体智力-液体智力理论的质疑

在比较了传统的老年智力变化观和卡特尔的老年智力变化观后,本文依据现代神经生理研究新成果和智力实验新资料,对卡特尔的晶体智力—液体智力发展理论从四个方面提出质疑,对现代老年人智力的“衰退”与发展的辩证关系进行了解释,为开发现代老年人智力提供依据。     

"语音意识与语音智力同质说"初证

以128名小学一、三年级的学生为被试,以英语语音意识测验和言语智力测验为工具,采用因素分析的技术,初步探讨了“语音意识与语音智力同质说”的合法性问题。结果表明:(1)围绕小学一、三年级的英语语音意识和言语智力测验数据而进行的探索性因素分析,都抽取了唯一的公因子;(2)围绕小学一、三年级的英语语音意识和言语智力测验数据而进行的验证性因素分析也发现,小学一、三年级的语音智力结构模型,都具有出色的拟合度。这些结果都说明:“语音意识与语音智力同质说”具有合法性。     

World Crisis and the Changing Policies of Peace and Patriotic Societies

Abstract

Emotional intelligence is an increasingly popular consulting tool. According to popular opinion and work-place testimonials, emotional intelligence increases performance and productivity; however, there has been a general lack of independent, systematic analysis substantiating that claim. The authors investigated whether emotional intelligence would account for increases in individual cognitive-based performance over and above the level attributable to traditional general intelligence. The authors measured emotional intelligence with the Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS; J. D. Mayer, P. Salovey, & D. R. Caruso, 1997). As measured by the MEIS, overall emotional intelligence is a composite of the 3 distinct emotional reasoning abilities: perceiving, understanding, and regulating emotions (J. D. Mayer & P. Salovey, 1997). Although further psychometric analysis of the MEIS is warranted, the authors found that overall emotional intelligence, emotional perception, and emotional regulation uniquely explained individual cognitive-based performance over and beyond the level attributable to general intelligence.     

成人认知功能的发展与老化：一项控制同辈效应的横断研究

为探索成人认知功能的发展与认知老化轨迹,基于中华成人智力量表常模样本数据,统计控制教育水平和职业构成以部分消除同辈效应,考察智商和智力指数的年龄趋势。结果晶体智力指数(CI)在25~44岁间增加0.69分后缓慢递减,高低差值3.3分;注意记忆指数(AMI)在25~44岁间共减少3.3分,45岁后各组均数以3分左右的速度递减。流体智力指数(FI)和智商的年龄差异模式与AMI类似,幅度缩减。提示中国成人晶体智力在74岁前比较稳定,没有明显老化,流体智力和注意记忆能力可能在45岁开始明显线性老化。     

斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版的特色研究

本研究旨在探讨斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版的特色,以期把握世界上最优秀的个别智力测验的发展趋向。通过对斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版的翻译、修改工作,依据144名被试的测试数据,量表的理论结构,并对分测验的特点作了详尽的分析。研究中共获得了五点关于编制和使用个别智力测验的启示。