共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Viktor Frankls Logotherapy and Albert Elliss Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) are at seemingly opposite ends of the psychotherapeutic spectrum. However, a close review of the assumptions and philosophy of each school of therapy reveals that these two systems are compatible. We propose that a Logotherapy-enhanced REBT can increase human achievement and happiness by balancing the individual discovery of meaning with the pursuit of reason. This integrated and enhanced therapy will help human beings participate in positive life experiences and take greater responsibility for change. Fruitful and beneficial aspects of a Logotherapy enhanced-REBT are explored with respect to cognitions, emotions, and the reduction of rumination. Conclusions are drawn, limitations are discussed, and future recommendations are outlined. 相似文献
2.
摘 要: 考察意义治疗的团体辅导对于戒毒者复吸倾向的干预效果。选择生命意义感较低的被试18名进入实验组,并选择与其分数匹配的18名被试组成对照组。后测结果表明,与控制组相比,实验组被试的价值感、效能感、成就感和生命意义感均有显著提升,复吸倾向显著降低。结论: 意义治疗的团体辅导能够显著提高戒毒人员的创造性价值类生命意义源和生命意义感,显著降低其复吸倾向。提升创造价值与对苦难的理解是提高生命意义感的有效途径。 相似文献
3.
Robyn Carston 《Synthese》2008,165(3):321-345
Most people working on linguistic meaning or communication assume that semantics and pragmatics are distinct domains, yet
there is still little consensus on how the distinction is to be drawn. The position defended in this paper is that the semantics/pragmatics
distinction holds between (context-invariant) encoded linguistic meaning and speaker meaning. Two other ‘minimalist’ positions
on semantics are explored and found wanting: Kent Bach’s view that there is a narrow semantic notion of context which is responsible
for providing semantic values for a small number of indexicals, and Herman Cappelen and Ernie Lepore’s view that semantics
includes the provision of values for all indexicals, even though these depend on the speaker’s communicative intentions. Finally,
some implications are considered for the favoured semantics/pragmatics distinction of the fact that there are linguistic elements
(lexical and syntactic) which do not contribute to truth-conditional content but rather provide guidance on pragmatic inference. 相似文献
4.
L. Kay Metzger 《Journal of religion and health》2006,45(1):130-146
Successful health assessments are ongoing and rely on a clinician/client interaction, which is influenced by both the client’s and the clinician’s beliefs about their bodies. These beliefs about the human body arise out of religious and cultural contexts. Theories often explain cultural context by comparison of differences and similarities between the client and the clinician and/or between the client and the dominant culture. This approach can carry a bias inherent in the comparison to dominant beliefs held by those with the most power and economic advantage. The author suggests an existential approach in which client and clinician bodies interact each as adept, autonomous individuals with a conglomerate of beliefs about body and health.The author is an Interdisciplinary PhD candidate in Music Therapy and Health Psychology at the University of Missouri-Kansas City Conservatory of Music. Her research goals include the interrelationship of music, spirituality, and cardiovascular health. She is a Board Certified music therapist and has served in that capacity since 1980 in mental health facilities, hospice, and private practice. 相似文献
5.
Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen 《Axiomathes》2005,15(4):513-540
Charles S. Peirce’s pragmatist theory of logic teaches us to take the context of utterances as an indispensable logical notion
without which there is no meaning. This is not a spat against compositionality per se , since it is possible to posit extra arguments to the meaning function that composes complex meaning. However, that method
would be inappropriate for a realistic notion of the meaning of assertions. To accomplish a realistic notion of meaning (as
opposed e.g. to algebraic meaning), Sperber and Wilson’s Relevance Theory (RT) may be applied in the spirit of Peirce’s Pragmatic
Maxim (PM): the weighing of information depends on (i) the practical consequences of accommodating the chosen piece of information
introduced in communication, and (ii) what will ensue in actually using that piece in further cycles of discourse. Peirce’s
unpublished papers suggest a relevance-like approach to meaning. Contextual features influenced his logic of Existential Graphs
(EG). Arguments are presented pro and con the view in which EGs endorse non-compositionality of meaning. 相似文献
6.
Bolt LL 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2007,28(4):285-300
Our knowledge of the human brain and the influence of pharmacological substances on human mental functioning is expanding.
This creates new possibilities to enhance personality and character traits. Psychopharmacological enhancers, as well as other
enhancement technologies, raise moral questions concerning the boundary between clinical therapy and enhancement, risks and
safety, coercion and justice. Other moral questions include the meaning and value of identity and authenticity, the role of
happiness for a good life, or the perceived threats to humanity. Identity and authenticity are central in the debate on psychopharmacological
enhancers. In this paper, I first describe the concerns at issue here as extensively propounded by Carl Elliott. Next, I address
David DeGrazia’s theory, which holds that there are no fundamental identity-related and authenticity-related arguments against
enhancement technologies. I argue, however, that DeGrazia’s line of reasoning does not succeed in settling these concerns.
His conception of identity does not seem able to account for the importance we attach to personal identity in␣cases where
personal identity is changed through enhancement technology. Moreover, his conception of authenticity does not explain the
reason why we find inauthentic values objectionable. A broader approach to authenticity can make sense of concerns about changes
in personal identity by means of enhancement technologies. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging》2013,25(3-4):119-140
SUMMARY The diagnostic categories of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are expanded psychotheologically in a model which includes not only the biological and psychological symptoms but also those emerging in the dimensions of personal meaning and continued being. Frankl's Logotherapy assists in elucidating what a crisis of meaning looks like clinically and Tillich's formulation of the anxiety of non-being is adapted for describing the ontological crisis in MDD. A case study applies the model to one individual's approach to eldership. The ontological dimension is identified as the particular concern of Pastoral Counseling. 相似文献
8.
Great ape gesture has become a research topic of intense interest, because its intentionality and flexibility suggest strong
parallels to human communication. Yet the fundamental question of whether an animal species’ gestures carry specific meanings
has hardly been addressed. We set out a systematic approach to studying intentional meaning in the gestural communication
of non-humans and apply it to a sample of orangutan gestures. We propose that analysis of meaning should be limited to gestures
for which (1) there is strong evidence for intentional production and (2) the recipient’s final reaction matches the presumed
goal of the signaller, as determined independently. This produces a set of “successful” instances of gesture use, which we
describe as having goal–outcome matches. In this study, 28 orangutans in three European zoos were observed for 9 months. We
distinguished 64 gestures on structural grounds, 40 of which had frequent goal–outcome matches and could therefore be analysed
for meaning. These 40 gestures were used predictably to achieve one of 6 social goals: to initiate an affiliative interaction
(contact, grooming, or play), request objects, share objects, instigate co-locomotion, cause the partner to move back, or
stop an action. Twenty-nine of these gestures were used consistently with a single meaning. We tested our analysis of gesture
meaning by examining what gesturers did when the response to their gesture did not match the gesture’s meaning. Subsequent
actions of the gesturer were consistent with our assignments of meaning to gestures. We suggest that, despite their contextual
flexibility, orangutan gestures are made with the expectation of specific behavioural responses and thus have intentional
meanings as well as functional consequences. 相似文献
9.
The Epigenetic model of understanding marital expectations of Bhatti focuses on the domains of (a) expectations from the partner,
(b) expectations from marriage, (c) expectations of and from the partner’s family of origin, (d) expectations of the institution
of marriage, and (e) the concept of an “ideal partner,” and helps in understanding how martial expectations are influenced
by various factors in the person’s life. The underlying assumption is that the spouses enter the marriage with expectations
(on all the above mentioned domains), which are facts and exist at a conscious level in the social reality. These indicators
further evolve, refine, and change across the span of the marriage. This model has formed the framework for marital therapy
and other interventions. This paper highlights the application of this model in marital therapy with couples with marital
dysfunction. 相似文献
10.
Peter Fraenkel 《Family process》2019,58(3):569-594
This article presents an integrative approach to the special challenges of therapy with couples on the brink of dissolution or divorce—who often describe this therapy as their “last chance.” In some, one partner is considering ending the relationship, and in others, both partners are considering ending it. Often, these couples have had prior dissatisfying experiences in couple therapy. Four types of last chance couples are described: high‐conflict couples; couples in which partners have differing goals for their lives or different timelines for reaching shared goals; couples in which one or both partners have acted in a manner that violates the values, expectations, emotional comfort, or safety of the other; and couples in which there has been a gradual loss of intimacy. The Therapeutic Palette, a multiperspectival, theoretically eclectic integrative approach, is enlisted as a general framework for selecting and sequencing use of particular theories and their associated practices, based on the three “primary colors” of couple therapy: time frame/focus, level of directiveness, and change entry point. An additional complementary framework, the creative relational movement approach, is proposed to provide an integrative frame encompassing both language‐based and action‐based practices, suggesting that meaning is held and expressed as much through interaction or “relational motion” as it is through language. Principles of change are described. Due to the couple's level of crisis and desire for immediate evidence of possible improvement, priority is given to action‐based interventions in early stages of therapy, by engaging couples in “experiments in possibility.” Typical action approaches are described. An extended vignette follows. 相似文献
11.
Latent semantic analysis (LSA) serves as both a theory and a method for representing the meaning of words based on a statistical
analysis of their contextual usage (Foltz, 1996; Landauer & Dumais, 1997). In experiments in the domains of psychology and
history, we compared the representation of readers’ knowledge structures of information learned from texts with the representation
generated by LSA. Results indicated that LSA’s representation is similar to readers’ representations. In addition, the degree
to which the reader’s representation is similar to LSA’s representation is indicative of the amount of knowledge the reader
has acquired and of the reader’s reading ability. This approach has implications both as a model of learning from text and
as a practical tool for performing knowledge assessment. 相似文献
12.
意义疗法是以存在积极心理学为理论基础,以构建个体生命意义为目的,实现生活正负两极性的动态平衡,从而解决其心理困扰获得心理治愈与成长的一种整合性心理咨询与治疗方法。起源于Frankl意义学说的意义疗法是通往人类美好生活的路径,它源于对苦难生活所隐含意义的本质认识。在理论上,意义疗法以意义定向看世界为中心,以意义管理理论和双系统模型为支架; 在方法上,为保障意义获得,应遵循8个基本问题和12条原则,充分发挥意义源的作用,实现意义获得的双路径统一; 在技术上,灵活采用趋向性(PURE)策略、回避性(ABCDE)策略、以及双视角双通道策略或其它策略的整合。意义疗法因包含了精神成分而超越了心理动力学和个体心理学等传统心理治疗方式。未来研究还需明确意义疗法整合了哪些流派的具体方法和技术,细化意义疗法主要的技术与策略的操作步骤,考察成熟幸福感量表在中国文化下的适用性,以及充分整合质性与量化研究方法检验意义疗法在中国的适用性 相似文献
13.
Jure Zovko 《Synthese》2008,162(3):425-438
In this article, I discuss the manner in which Dieter Henrich’s theory of subjectivity has emerged from the fundamental questions
of German Idealism, and in what manner and to what extent this theory effects a reinstatement of metaphysics. In so doing,
I shall argue that Henrich’s position represents a viable refutation of the attempt of the physicalist explanation of the
world to prove the concept of the subject to be superfluous. Henrich’s metaphysics of subjectivity is primarily focused on
the ‘ultimate questions’ which also compose “the deep levels of our subjectivity” and concern the factors that should promote
stability in our emotional, moral and intellectual life. I argue with Henrich that the indisputable facticity of our conscious
life is worthy of our special consideration and interpretation, explanation and clarification, just as the deeper meaning
(the individual and collective subconscious structure) hidden beneath the layers of apparent comprehensibility calls for urgent
investigation. Such interpretation and elucidation of life’s meaning has a tripartite character: first, it consists of clarification
of the totality of human experience together with the realities playing a part in it; second, it builds on the process by
which the contents of experience are cognized, and the knowledge thereof which results; thirdly, it embraces the transcendental
precondition enabling each and every one of us to consciously lead our lives—for life, in a human sense, does not merely happen to one. Henrich’s metaphysical foundation of subjectivity is
compared with Kolak‘s position, according to which individual consciousness is not insular, but integrated into the totality
of overall unity that some have called “the Universal Self”, “the Noumenal Self”. 相似文献
14.
Gregg Andrew Hurwitz 《Sexuality & culture》2002,6(3):3-73
This essay applies a Freudian psychoanalytic and Jungian archetypal narrative analysis to Shakespeare’s first and oft-criticized
romance. The author argues that key structural and thematic elements ofPericles are best illuminated when viewed through a psychological interpretative lens, and that the play is best comprehended when
examined in the context of its associative, rather than linear, richness. Masculinity and femininity, central themes of the
narrative, are explored both in relation to the Oedipal complex and psychological individuation.Pericles also provides an excellent basis to examine key differences between Freud’s and Jung’s approach, particularly Jung’s widening
of the primarily sexual psychoanalytic approach to encompass broader archetypal meaning. 相似文献
15.
Wim Dekkers 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(5):335-349
The notion of home is well known from our everyday experience, and plays a crucial role in all kinds of narratives about human
life, but is hardly ever systematically dealt with in the philosophy of medicine and health care. This paper is based upon
the intuitively positive connotation of the term “home.” By metaphorically describing the goal of palliative care as “the
patient’s coming home,” it wants to contribute to a medical humanities approach of medicine. It is argued that this metaphor
can enrich our understanding of the goals of palliative care and its proper objectives. Four interpretations of “home” and
“coming home” are explored: (1) one’s own house or homelike environment, (2) one’s own body, (3) the psychosocial environment,
and (4) the spiritual dimension, in particular, the origin of human existence. Thinking in terms of coming home implies a
normative point of view. It represents central human values and refers not only to the medical-technical and care aspects
of health care, but also to the moral context. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Stone Carlson Christi R. McGeorge Sarah Halvorson 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2007,29(1-2):25-37
The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which AAMFT clinical members can accurately diagnose Asperger’s Syndrome.
171 AAMFT clinical members were surveyed using a vignette methodology. Participants were asked to read the vignette and provide
a diagnosis for the child in the vignette. Four out of five participants were unable to correctly diagnose the vignette child
with Asperger’s Syndrome. Analyses found that the ability to correctly diagnose Asperger’s Syndrome did not vary based on
the participants: gender, years of clinical experience, or specialized clinical population (e.g., individuals, couples, families,
children).
Thomas Stone Carlson is an associate professor and Christi McGeorge is an assistant professor in the couple and family therapy
program at North Dakota State University. Sarah Halvorson is a graduate of the couple and family therapy program at North
Dakota State University and is in clinical practice in Illinois. 相似文献
17.
Anindita Bhattacharya 《Psychological studies》2011,56(3):280-288
The present study explores the relationship of meaning in life with subjective well-being among a sample of young adults launching
their career. Using a qualitative approach, ten young adults were asked to share their life experiences using a semi structured
interview schedule. A grounded theory analysis revealed that happiness forms a core concern for an individual where it depends
not only on the cultural norm involving an individual where social relationships form an important part, but also goals and
aims (s) he/she wishes to achieve in life. It exists in temporality but is impacted by the larger dimension of meaning in
life which is relatively stable and covers a huge expanse of an individual’s existence. Finding a meaning in life involves
both personal goals such as self growth and attainment of peace, and also professional goals like fulfillment of one’s academic
aim. Meaning in life is also seen as being impacted by an individual’s past happenings, belief in self- worth and social responsibility. 相似文献
18.
Heather L. Ramey Donato Tarulli Jan C. Frijters Lianne Fisher 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2009,31(4):262-279
Externalizing, or separating the person from his/her problem-saturated story, is a central approach in narrative therapy.
Michael White, one of the therapy’s founders, lately revised his map of the externalizing process in therapy according to
Vygotskian theory. In this study we sought to determine whether White’s proposed process was evident in therapy sessions.
Sequential analysis indicated that therapists scaffolded children’s responses according to White’s map, and therapists’ and
children’s utterances tended to advance across the levels of the map over the course of a session, indicating that White’s
model of narrative therapy matched the therapy’s empirical process. 相似文献
19.
Zuzanna Siwek Anna Oleszkowicz Aleksandra Słowińska 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2017,18(2):549-573
The present study was based on two theoretical conceptions—Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory and its characteristic approach to values, and the conception of meaning in life derived from the Logotherapy of Frankl. The aim of the study was to verify the thesis that values realized in personal strivings play a significant role in experiencing meaning in life. The study was also designed to explore the relationships between types of motivation and meaning in life. A semi-open method was used to study values and striving motivations, one based on the Personal Striving Assessment by Emmons and the Purpose in Life Test by Maholick and Crumbaugh. The sample comprised 353 students of Wroc?aw-based universities (159 women and 194 men). The findings of this study demonstrated that meaning in life is related to motivation as well as to certain values that participants reported as realized in their personal strivings. Predictors of meaning in life were the value of financial success for men, and the value of intimacy/friendship for women. Another predictor of meaning for both groups was external motivation. Further interesting results discussed in this paper were obtained by comparing individuals with low and those with high levels of meaning in life. The latter group was found to attribute greater importance to autonomous motivation and to attach greater meaning to their everyday strivings by associating them more closely with both intrinsic and extrinsic values. 相似文献
20.
Robert C. Dykstra 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(3):399-408
This article explores the psychological connections and ambiguities between kindness and desire. The negative effects of the
tendency of Christian discourse to endorse charity and denigrate desire are explored, with particular emphasis on sexual desire.
Examples are drawn from cases and research studies on homosexual desires and psychic impotence among married couples. The
article continues with an appeal addressed specifically to Christians to address the divide between kindness and desire through
concrete expressions of kindness that are reflective of real human desires and not, as is often the case, of its absence.
It concludes with a specific appeal to pastoral theologians to embrace the kindness reflected in Jesus’ response to the implicit
doubts reflected in John the Baptist’s query from prison, a response that recognized the validity of John’s own desires. 相似文献