中学生学习策略应用特点的研究

运用中学生学习策略量表对442名初、高中学生进行测试,考察中学生应用学习策略的一般特点。结果表明：（1）中学生学习策略量表具有良好的信度、效度;（2）中学生在应用学习策略方面有随年级增长而下降的趋势。在调控策略的运用上女生显著多于男生,而在认知策略的运用上男生多于女生。深层加工策略和反馈调节策略存在年级与性别的交互作用;（3）初二和高二年级学习优、差生之间在学习策略上存在显著的差异,其中,深层加工、检索应用策略和反馈调节策略在各年级的优、差生之间都存在显著差异。     

北京地区中学生学习策略水平的调查研究

本研究采用中学生学习策略量表测查了542名中学生的学习策略使用情况。结果表明：(1)中学生学习策略量表有着较高的信度和效度,分量表项目间有良好的一致性。(2)从初三到高三,学生的学习策略水平没有表现出随年级增长而提高的趋势,甚至在时问管理、焦虑、信息加工等分量表方面有下降的表现。(3)女生在态度,动机,学习辅助和自我测试分量表上的得分明显高于男生;男生在信息加工分量表上的得分明显高于女生。(4)优差生在学习辅助和自我测试两个分量表上的得分没有明显差异,在其余分量表上均有显著差异。     

中学生学习策略发展研究

采用调查问卷法,以自编的《中学生学习方式量表》对初一至高三800名学生进行了调查。结果发现：初中生对学习策略的掌握和运用水平尚不稳定,初三学生的学习策略水平出现明显的下降趋势,高中生对学习策略的掌握运用达到自控水平;初中、高中男、女生间学习策略水平存在显著差异,女生学习策略整体水平显著高于男生,随年级的提高,部分学习策略水平的性别差异有逐渐缩小的趋势;学习成绩与学习策略存在显著正相关。     

中学生学习策略的结构与使用特点

本文采用修订的中学生学习策略量表,系统考察了初一到高三1341名中学生学习策略的使用情况。结果表明:①本次修订的中学生学习策略量表具有良好的信度和效度,划分为认知策略、元认知策略和资源管理策略的结构合理;②中学生在认知策略、元认知策略和资源管理策略的使用上有随年级增长而下降的趋势,在资源管理策略上女生得分明显高于男生;③时间管理策略、努力策略和支持寻求策略对初中生的学习成绩有正向预测作用,调节策略和努力策略对高中生的学习成绩有正向预测作用,而支持寻求策略有负向预测作用。     

大学生英语学习策略使用特点及发展趋势研究

采用自编问卷对493名不同背景大学生英语学习策略的调查发现,大学生内隐学习策略显著低于外显策略,表明我国大学生英语学习以外显为主;外显策略中,社会/情感策略水平最高,而元认知策略水平最低;英语学习策略的使用在性别、英语学习难易程度的主观判断以及学业成就水平等因素上呈现出明显的差异性特点,女生的策略使用率总体高于男生,英语学习成就越高以及英语学习认知越积极的学生学习策略使用率越高;大学生英语学习策略的发展呈V型趋势,在大三低至谷底,男生的策略波动幅度显著大于女生。     

大学生的语言学习观念与英语学习策略研究

通过问卷对606名大学生进行调查,考察其语言学习观念和英语学习策略的特点及关系。结果表明:(1)在语言学习观念上,女生比男生的英语学习动机更强,大一女生明显认为英语学习难度大,外语学能观念随年级的升高而增强,文科生比理科生认为英语学习难度大,学习动机更强;(2)在英语学习策略上,性别、年级与6种策略都有一定关系,文科生在元认知、社交、情感、补偿、认知5种策略上的运用都显著高于理科生;(3)语言学习观念与英语学习策略有密切的关系。     

中学生问题行为群体特征的多视角研究

以北京市中学生为被试,自编中学生问题行为自我评定、教师评定和家长评定三视角问卷,研究中学生问题行为的结构和群体特征,结果表明:(1)中学生问题行为评定存在跨评定者的六因子多质多法(multitrait—multimethod,MTMM)结构模型。(2)性别差异分析表明在学业不适、攻击行为和违纪行为上三视角均显示男生都显著高于女生,但是在内倾问题上自评问卷显示在神经质、退缩行为和考试焦虑上女生比男生高,教师评定只有在考试焦虑上女生高于男生,而家长评定内倾问题上性别差异基本不显著。(3)自评问卷在六因子和问题总分上还显示了年级差异,教师评定三个因子有年级差异,家长评定年级差异基本上不显著。(4)三视角对应因子间呈中低水平相关,在学业和破坏性较大的外倾问题上的相关高于在内倾问题上的相关。     

中学生成就目标定向与学习策略、学业成绩的关系研究

本研究采取问卷法,选取武汉市283名初一和高二学生为被试,考察了中学生成就目标定向与学习策略、学业成绩的关系。结果表明:(1)掌握目标与深加工、元认知策略以及浅表策略三者都存在显著相关,其中与浅表加工策略相关的显著性水平略低,成绩接近目标与三种学习策略都在呈非常显著相关,而成绩回避目标只与浅表策略显著相关;(2)掌握目标和成绩接近目标有助于学业成绩,成绩回避目标不利于取得良好成绩;(3)与初一年级相比,高二年级中成绩接近目标和掌握目标显著下降,采取深加工和元认知策略的水平也下降;初一和高二年级中,男生比女生更多采取掌握目标和元认知策略;(4)多元目标比单一目标的学生更多地使用深加工和元认知策略,但多元目标者并不必然比单一目标者成绩好。     

中小学生情绪调节策略的发展特点

情绪调节策略近年已成为发展与教育心理学的研究热点.本研究采用问卷法考察了中小学生情绪调节策略的年级、性别、学业水平发展特点.结果表明在认知重评策略上无性别差异,有年级差异,有学业水平差异,高年级较低年级、高学业水平较低学业水平更倾向采用认知重评策略;在表达抑制策略上无年级差异,无学业水平差异,有性别差异,男生较女生更倾向采用表达抑制策略.     

9970名中学生心理素质的研究

对北京市随机抽取的９９７０名中学生进行自编的《中学生心理素质测验》的测试,结果表明：（１）总体而言,中学生的心理素质水平良好。（２）年级越低,心理素质水平越高,年级越高,心理素质水平越低。（３）初中生的心理素质水平好于高中生。（４）在男女性别差异上,年级越低,男女差异越大,年级越高,差异越小。其中,男生在智力和情绪因子上心理素质水平好于女生,女生在注意力和道德感因子上心理素质水平好于男生。在对初中与高中的男女性别考验中也得到了一致的结论。     

Factors Predicting Girls' and Boys' Enrollment in College Preparatory Mathematics

Students ( n = 337) tested in the eighth grade were followed up in the eleventh grade to see what courses in the college preparatory math sequence they had elected. Discriminant analyses for girls and boys were performed on the test scores, predicting those electing one, two, three, or four years of college preparatory math. Scores included math achievement (SRA Math Concepts), vocabulary (Cognitive Abilities Test), spatial visualization (Differential Aptitude Test) and the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitudes Scales II. For girls, the standardized weights of the discriminant function were highest for vocabulary, Confidence in Learning Mathematics, Attitude toward Success in Math, and Effectance Motivation in Mathematics. For boys, they were highest for Confidence in Learning Mathematics, vocabulary, perceived Attitude of Father toward One as a Learner of Mathematics, and Math Concepts. Consistent with results of a previous study, the Confidence in Learning Mathematics Scale emerged as a powerful scriminator of groups differing in mathematics enrollment behavior. Spatial visualization skill was a more important discriminator for females than for males.     

Sex differences in math performance: The role of children's approach to schoolwork

This research examined whether the tendency for girls to outperform boys in the classroom is due to differences in how girls and boys approach schoolwork. In 5th grade and then again in 7th grade, children (N=518) reported on how they approach schoolwork (i.e., achievement goals and classroom behavior), their learning strategies, and their self-efficacy in math; math grades and achievement test scores were also collected. Girls were more likely than boys to hold mastery over performance goals and to refrain from disruptive classroom behavior, which predicted girls' greater effortful learning over time. The sex difference in learning strategies accounted for girls' edge over boys in terms of grades. Girls did not do better on achievement tests, possibly because self-efficacy, for which there was also no sex difference, was the central predictor of performance on achievement tests.     

大学生学习策略的发展特点

采用《大学生学习策略问卷》,对364名大学生进行了调查.结果发现:(1)大学生的学习策略总体水平并没有随着年级的增长而相应地提高;(2)不同年级大学生使用学习策略的特点不完全一致,在元认知策略和情感策略上,一年级学生优于其他年级,而在认知策略和资源管理策略上一年级学生最低;(3)女大学生的认知策略和资源管理策略水平显著高于男大学生;(4)文科大学生的认知策略和资源管理策略水平显著高于理科大学生.     

学龄前儿童情绪调节策略的发展研究

运用自编问卷对学龄前儿童情绪调节策略的发展状况进行研究,结果发现:学龄前儿童的情绪调节策略存在显著的年龄差异,总体的情绪调节能力随年龄增长而提高。在挫折情境中,发泄策略的运用存在显著的性别差异。     

Sex differences in relational and overt aggression in the late elementary school years

Sex differences in relational and overt aggression among 3rd (n=176), 4th (n=179), and 5th graders (n=145) from three public schools (n=500; 278 girls) were examined. Nominations of relational aggression increased over time among 4th and 5th grade girls, but not among boys or 3rd grade girls. Among 3rd graders, boys received more nominations for relational aggression than girls. By the end of the 5th grade, girls received more relational aggression nominations than boys. There was also a significant rise in nominations of overt aggression among 5th grade girls, but not among 5th grade boys or younger boys and girls. As expected, boys were more likely than girls to be nominated for overt aggression at all grade levels. The findings are helpful for explaining inconsistencies of earlier research pertaining to sex differences in relational aggression and for advancing our understanding of the causes of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 36:282–291, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

中学生英语学习策略水平及其与英语学业成绩的相关研究

本研究运用《学生学习策略评价表》对安徽省两所中学的239名学生进行调查,考察中学生的英语学习策略水平及其与英语学业成绩的关系.结果发现:(1)中学生英语学习中经常使用的学习策略多集中于认知和调控策略.(2)省示范高中与一般中学学生在英语学习策略存在显著差异.性别上则不存在显著差异.(3)中学生的英语学习策略及其认知和调控策略与学生学业成绩之间呈显著正相关,交际和资源策略与学生的学业成绩则没有显著相关.     

Hemisphericity, locus of control, and grade point average among middle and high school boys and girls

The Learning Style Questionnaire and the Children's Nowicki-Strickland I-E Control Scale were given to 128 boys and girls in Grades 8 and 11 in the La Grande (Oregon) School District. Each subject's previous year's grade point average was obtained to determine the relationships among hemisphericity, locus of control, and achievement. Also assessed, including interactions, were differences in hemisphericity, locus of control, and achievement by sex and grade. There was a significant relationship (of low practical value) between locus of control and GPA only. The difference in hemisphericity scores with respect to grade was significant.     

CONCEPTIONS ET STRATEGIES D'ADAPTATION DES ADOLESCENTS FACE A LA DEPRESSION*

The purpose of the study is to investigate how adolescents perceive and face depression. Two questionnaires, the Beliefs about Behaviour (BAB; Rippere 1977a) and the Coping Strategies Scales (COSTS; Beckham and Adams 1984), were given to 221 boys and 65 girls, with an age ranging from 11 to 18 years and from two different schools (Collège St-Alexandre and High School Erablière, both in Gatineau, Québec). Adolescents have a well-defined picture of depression. They face depression with strategies as given in COSTS and the strategies are more and more homogeneous as a function of increasing age.     

The predictive power of first-grade peer and teacher ratings of behavior: Sex differences in antisocial behavior and personality at adolescence

Peer and teacher assessments of aggression, social withdrawal, and likability using the Pupil Evaluation Inventory were recorded for 104 French Canadian girls and boys in grade 1. Self-reported delinquency and personality measures were administered to these children when they were in junior high school 7 years later. Linear regression analyses revealed significant predictive differences between the grade 1 assessment of girls and boys: For antisocial behavior, teacher and peer assessments of boys were equally good predictors, and the combination of the two assessments did not improve prediction; for girls, peer and teacher assessments taken separately were weak predictors, but, taken together, they were better predictors for girls than for boys; for personality, peers were better predictors than teachers both for girls and for boys. When categorical analyses were used to predict extreme antisocial behavior, peer and teacher assessments were equally good predictors for girls and boys. The use of peer and teacher ratings together, however, decreased the number of false positives. The implications of these findings for research and clinical work are discussed.