Murphy's Law and Counseling

Counselors like anyone else need to find as much humor as possible. Following are some humorous laws encountered by counselors.     

Cardiac pacing and the law of initial value in rhesus monkeys

A cardiac pacemaker was used to produce a wide range of pre-CS heart rates in Pavlovian conditioning, and correlations were computed between pre-CS and CS heart rates. Two rhesus monkeys were presented trials in which 30 sec of light (CS) was followed by a brief electric shock (UCS). Pacing rates during the inter-trial intervals were varied from 150 to 350 bpm. Pacing was discontinued during CS. Unpaced control sessions showed that the maximum heart rate in CS on each trial was proportional to the pre-CS heart rate. Following pacing, however, heart rate in CS did not depend on the pacing rate; rather, the rates were not different from those of the unpaced control sessions. Pacing at high rates shifted the maximum heart rate toward the end of CS.     

医疗安全之“墨菲定律”和“海恩法则”

医疗安全既是医学专业问题,也是人文社会问题.保证医疗安全,避免医疗意外、差错、事故的发生,是医务工作者的主要职责和面临的重大课题.“墨菲定律”和“海恩法则”是安全产生领域的重要安全法则,它揭示了事故发生的偶然性与必然性.本文结合“墨菲定律”和“海恩法则”探讨医疗安全问题,认为医疗安全问题是无法避免的,但又是可以预防的,这一看似矛盾的命题,给我们深深的思索和无穷的启迪.     

Toward a reconceptualization of the law of initial value.

The traditional model of the law of initial value (LIV), "the higher the initial value, the smaller the response to function-raising, the larger the response to function-depressing stimuli" (Wilder, 1967, p. viii), is critically reviewed. Statistically, the usage of rDX, bDX, and bYX as the indices of LIV contains a spurious X(Y-X) effect. Moreover, defining initial value as a synonym of baseline is too narrow to cover an organism's various states. The parameter of structural relationship beta e value and a null hypothesis test (beta e = 1) are recommended to examine initial-value dependency for different levels of initial value and trends of change. Data suggest that LIV should be revised as follows: The higher the initial value, the greater the organism's following reactivity, although a tendency to reversed responses may occur when the initial value reaches its upper extremity. Both phenomena are probably due to constitutional and homeostatic mechanisms, respectively.     

服刑人员重塑法治价值观过程的质性探索

采用扎根理论方法,通过深度访谈、查询检索,收集服刑人员谈话派生资料(n=13),通过三级编码分析、构建理论, 探索服刑人员从犯罪到守法的重塑法治价值观过程。结果显示,服刑人员心理变化分四阶段：1）接受期,认清身份,端正态度;2）积累期,学法习德,修正扭曲;3）转变期,反思总结,守法自新;4）拓展期,延伸法治,规划未来。通过管教民警引导,服刑人员联系亲情逐渐修正扭曲价值观,实现守法自新的转变。     

Breaking the rules,not the law: The potential risks of counterproductive work behaviors among overqualified employees

The extent to which overqualified employees may engage in counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) remains unclear. This study investigated the relationships between objectively measured overqualification (OOQ), perceived overqualification (POQ), and combinations of four lower‐order facets of CWB. The results found OOQ to be associated with POQ, which was in‐turn associated with minor‐CWB and organizational‐oriented CWB, but not with serious‐ or interpersonal‐oriented CWB. This is one of the first studies to examine CWB as a consequence of OOQ, and one of the few studies to differentially predict serious versus minor CWBs.