逆行性肾盂造影联合输尿管软镜在诊断小肾盏癌中的价值

探讨逆行性肾盂造影联合输尿管软镜在诊断小肾盏癌中的价值。回顾分析5例小肾盏癌临床资料,术后病理检查结果均提示尿路上皮癌I级（Ta-G1）,术后定期行膀胱内灌注化疗药物,且均未出现肿瘤其他部位转移等并发症发生。对5例患者均进行随访,1年期间每3个月行尿常规及B超检查均正常,1年生存率达100％。患者出现血尿症状,虽然常规检查（尿常规、B超、IVU、CT或MRI等）诊断不明确者,都可行逆行性肾盂造影检查。一旦逆行性肾盂造影检查提示异常图像,均可提示肾盏癌,使误诊率及漏诊率降至最低程度,尽可能阻断早期肿瘤的发展。故逆行性肾孟造影联合输尿管软镜可提高早期小肾盏癌的术前诊断率。     

剖宫产术后盆腔血肿6例临床分析

本文探讨剖宫产术后盆腔血肿形成的原因、早期诊断、治疗及预防措施.对我院2010年3月～2011年4月1 800例剖宫产术后发生盆腔血肿的6例患者资料进行回顾性分析,盆腔血肿发生率为0.33%,均通过B超检查确诊,3例保守治疗,3例在B超下穿刺治疗,均治愈.剖宫产后盆腔血肿的形成有多种原因,多在术后一周左右B超检查确诊.早期使用抗生素及局部理疗效果好.     

剖宫产术后盆腔血肿6例临床分析

本文探讨剖宫产术后盆腔血肿形成的原因、早期诊断、治疗及预防措施。对我院2010年3月～2011年4月1800例剖宫产术后发生盆腔血肿的6例患者资料进行回顾性分析,盆腔血肿发生率为0．33％,均通过B超检查确诊,3例保守治疗,3例在B超下穿刺治疗,均治愈。剖宫产后盆腔血肿的形成有多种原因,多在术后一周左右B超检查确诊。早...     

MRI引导下乳腺病灶定位活检的现状与展望

乳腺磁共振(MRI)在乳腺癌早期诊断中具有举足轻重的地位,其能够发现其他影像学方法无法发现的微小病变。乳腺MRI引导下微小病变的定位或活检,为这些病灶做出明确的组织学诊断提供了可能。但由于在亚洲地区的临床应用较少,且乳腺MRI虽然对乳腺癌的检出敏感性较高,但特异性较低等因素使其应用受到了质疑和挑战。本文就近年来国内外MRI引导下乳腺定位活检的相关研究做一系统回顾,分析MRI引导下乳腺定位活检对于乳腺病灶诊断和治疗的意义。     

非哺乳期乳腺炎的现代研究进展

非哺乳期乳腺炎也被称为慢性乳腺炎,是以乳腺内或乳管内残留炎性结节或肿块形成为主要临床表现的一种乳腺迁延性炎症.由于其临床表现缺乏特异性,常易漏诊、误诊,且须与乳腺癌尤其是炎性乳癌相鉴别.B超、钼靶、MRI等是重要的辅助检查方法,但病理检查是诊断和鉴别诊断乳腺疾病的金标准.目前,该病的治疗是以手术为主的包括中西医结合在内的综合治疗.一旦发现乳腺炎性改变,就应考虑到炎性疾病可能,并及早获得病理学的诊断.     

早期乳腺癌治疗中的认识转变

乳腺癌是严重威胁妇女健康的一种疾病 ,也是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一 ,近 2 0年来其发病率呈明显上升的趋势 ,在我国大城市女性中的发病率已占据第 1、2位[1] 。随着我国全面步入小康社会 ,人们自我保健意识的提高和早期乳腺癌的普查 ,使相当一部分乳腺癌得以早期发现。外科治疗是乳腺癌治疗的重要手段 ,195 4年Mcstakalio采用单纯肿瘤切除加放疗治疗早期乳腺癌 ,其 10年生存率、局部复发率及转移率与根治术无明显差别。近年来保留乳房的保守手术和根治性放疗的综合疗法已成为欧美各国早期乳腺癌的主要治疗方法之一。但国内此种治疗模式的…     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在急性脑梗死超早期的应用

为了评价多层螺旋CT灌注成像(MSCTPI)指导下急性脑梗死超早期溶栓治疗,对60例发病≤3h临床诊断为脑梗死的患者进行常规颅脑CT扫描,对所有入选病例均进行MSCTPI检查。结果提示,MSCTPI可以超早期诊断急性脑梗死,为早期溶栓及个体化治疗提供影像学证据。     

乳腺癌中ING4和MMP-9相关性及临床应用价值

研究乳腺癌中生长抑制因子4(ING4)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)相关性及意义,采用组织芯片免疫组化技术检测83例乳腺癌组织、16例癌旁组织中ING4、MMP-9的表达,阳性表达率分别是56.6%、87.5%和71.1%、37.5%,与组织学分级、淋巴结转移、临床分期有关(P0.05)。两者表达呈负相关,提示ING4和MMP-9在乳腺癌的发生、发展过程中起重要调控作用,临床联合检测可为乳腺癌早期诊断、临床个性化治疗及预后提供一定参考。     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在急性脑梗死超早期的应用

为了评价多层螺旋CT灌注成像(MSCTPI)指导下急性脑梗死超早期溶栓治疗,对60例发病≤3h临床诊断为脑梗死的患者进行常规颅脑CT扫描,对所有入选病例均进行MSCTPI检查.结果提示,MSCTPI可以超早期诊断急性脑梗死,为早期溶栓及个体化治疗提供影像学证据.     

乳腺摄片的计算机辅助诊断技术在乳腺癌诊断中的新进展

在全球范围内,乳腺癌是严重影响妇女身心健康的常见病之一.早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗,是降低乳腺癌死亡率的关键.第二次阅片会明显提高乳腺癌诊断的灵敏度.然而纵观国内外文献,因乳腺图像数据库的来源和计算机辅助诊断系统方法的应用存在很大分歧,所以不同试验结果很难具有可比性.因此,计算机辅助诊断能否作为“第二次阅片者”还没有被证明.乳腺摄片的计算机辅助诊断技术在乳腺癌诊断中具有重要价值,住院医师和放射科医师都将从中受益.     

B超配合在乳腺良性肿块麦默通手术中的作用

探讨B超配合在麦默通微创行乳腺良性肿块切除术中的作用。对569例乳腺肿块进行麦默通微创切除术,分别于术前进行B超定位,术中进行B超引导,术后B超探查及随访,分析B超配合对手术的彻底性、安全性和准确性等所起的作用与意义。结果569例患者的乳腺病灶均被准确切除,B超熟练程度决定手术的准确性、彻底性及手术时间。术中B超配合20次以上者,其一次定位成功并一次完全切除率达87.4%,与初次(B超配合20次以下)配合者相比,两者有显著性差异(P=0.000);手术时间亦比初次B超配合者要短,两者有显著性差异(P=0.000)。熟练的B超配合,有利于麦默通微创旋切技术准确、有效、快速而安全的切除乳腺良性肿瘤。     

乳腺癌诊治过程中的多学科协作

乳腺癌是全身疾病,其治疗和诊断都需要多个学科的积极参与协作才能完成。本文就自身体会认为乳腺专科医生掌握诸如肿瘤外科技术与肿瘤内科治疗措施,熟悉乳腺癌放疗与美容整形的相关技术,并能掌握诸如乳腺B超等检查手段等多个学科知识,同时和病理等相关科室紧密协作,是处理好乳腺癌诊治过程中的多学科协作问题的一种有效方法。     

乳腺癌中4．1N蛋白和E-cadherin蛋白表达的临床意义

研究乳腺癌组织中4．1N 蛋白和上皮型钙黏附素（E-cadherin）的表达情况及临床病理意义。应用免疫组织化学PV-6000法和western blot法检测4．1N蛋白及E-adherin在乳腺癌中的表达。二者在乳腺癌与乳腺良性病变组织的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,在乳腺癌中表达与组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移有关（P＜0．05）,4．1N和E-adherin之间呈正相关。二者与浸润性乳腺癌的发生及发展相关,可为乳腺癌诊断及治疗提供参考。     

乳腺微乳头状癌的临床病理特征分析

回顾性分析乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌（IMPC）的临床病理特征.选取河北医科大学第四医院乳腺中心手术切除并经病理证实的女性原发性乳腺癌共3 383例,筛选出符合IMPC为实验组,同期乳腺浸润性导管癌（IDC）为对照组.结果显示,本组IMPC 167例,占同期乳腺癌4.94％,年龄29岁～80岁,中位年龄54岁.淋巴结转移者共135例,占80.8％,淋巴结转移数目≥4个共105例,占62.9％,HER2阳性率58.7％,与IDC组相比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.IMPC为一种少见类型的浸润性乳腺癌,具有淋巴管侵袭性强、淋巴结转移率高的生物学行为.应与其他类型肿瘤进行鉴别,明确诊断.     

2009年全球甲型H1N1流感流行病学特征分析

截至8月30日,全球5大洲177个国家或地区共报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例254206例,死亡2837人,病死率1．12％。病例以青壮年为主,无性别差别,年龄中位数12岁～17岁（范围0岁～85岁）,约10％需住院治疗,37％的住院病例和80％的死亡病例有基础性疾病史或妊娠。全球甲型H1N1流感总体较温和,适时将其纳入季节性流感常规监测,掌握其流行病学和病原学变化,研制安全有效的疫苗;提高医务人员重症病例救治能力均能有效地预防控制甲型H1N1流感。     

Life Trajectories, Genetic Testing, and Risk Reduction Decisions in 18–39 Year Old Women at Risk for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

This qualitative study identified four life trajectories that influenced the decision in young women to have genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1/2 and subsequent risk reduction decisions after receiving a positive mutation result. Fifty nine women between the ages of 18–39 years were interviewed in this grounded theory study, 44 of those tested were found to have a mutation in either BRCA1 or BRCA2. Of those with a mutation, 23 had no history of cancer and 21 had a breast cancer diagnosis. Analysis of the 44 participants tested found that risk reducing decisions were related to the life trajectories that preceded genetic testing. These life trajectories included: 1) Long-standing awareness of breast cancer in the family, 2) Loss of one’s mother to breast cancer at a young age, 3) Expression of concern by a health care provider, and 4) Personal diagnosis of breast cancer. Understanding possible influences behind decision making for genetic testing and risk reduction in young women may assist health care providers in offering age appropriate guidance and support.     

Breast Cancer in Men: A Need for Psychological Intervention

Male breast cancer is a serious issue that needs to be addressed more fully by the medical and public community. However, due to a lack of awareness and limited research on the topic, there is a general absence of knowledge concerning the psychological implications of this disease in men as well as a need for greater understanding of the medical diagnosis and treatment of male breast carcinoma. Similarly, there still remains a considerable gender difference between the awareness of female breast cancer and male breast cancer Although breast cancer in men makes up only 1% of all breast cancers reported in the United States, it is increasing in incidence. There are approximately 2000 new cases and approximately 450 deaths due to male breast cancer each year. Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in men is very similar to that described in women, however, it has been shown that men are being diagnosed at a later stage of the disease than women.     

Self-reported psychological stress and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between severe life events and breast cancer risk. This study was based on a case-control examination of 858 Polish invasive breast cancer cases and 1085 controls matched for age and place of residence. Data on life events, sociodemographic characteristic, reproductive factors, family history of breast cancer, current weight and height, and lifestyle habits were collected between January 2003 and May 2007 using a self-administered questionnaire. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated as the measure of the relationship between life event stress and breast cancer risk using unconditional logistic regression analyses. After adjustment for potential breast cancer risk factors, women with four to six individual major life events had 5.33 times higher risk for breast cancer, compared with those in the lowest quartile. Similarly, women with a lifetime life change score greater than 210 had about 5 times higher risk compared to women with corresponding scores in the range 0-70. Several life events (death of a close family member, personal injury or illness, imprisonment/trouble with the law, retirement) were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. These findings suggest that major life events can play an important role in the etiology of breast cancer.