共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Axiomathes - According to Brouwer’s ‘theory of the exodus of consciousness’, our experience includes ‘egoicity’, a distinct kind of feeling. In this paper, we (i)... 相似文献
2.
Axiomathes - According to the mixed lexicographic/additive account of ‘better than’ and similar aggregative value comparatives like ‘healthier than’, values are... 相似文献
3.
The Universal Right to Education: Freedom,Equality and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fraternity</Emphasis>
Ylva Bergström 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2010,29(2):167-182
The overall aim of the article is to analyse how the universal right to education have been built, legitimized and used. And
more specifically ask who is addressed by the universal right to education, and who is given access to rights and to education.
The first part of the article focus on the history of declarations, the notion of the universal right to education, emphasizing
differences in matters of detail—for example, the meaning of ‘compulsory’, ‘children’s rights’ or ‘parents’ rights’—and critically
examining the right of the child and the right of the parent in terms of tensions between ‘social rights’ and ‘private autonomy
rights’. Despite differences in detail, the iterations of the universal right to education do share to the full in the idea
of education as such. In the second part the attempt to scrutinize the underlying assumptions legitimizing the consensus on
education, focusing again on the notion of the child. In conclusion I argue that a certain notion of what it is to be a human
being is inscribed within the circle of access to rights and education. These notions of what it means to be a child, a parent,
a citizen or a member of the ‘human family’ are notions of enlightenment and humanity and, to my understanding, aspects of
how democracy is configured around freedom, equality and fraternity. 相似文献
4.
Attempts at meaning-making are considered an integral part of the process of psychological adjustment following the diagnosis
of a major illness. The present study aimed at examining the applicability of Lipowski’s illness meaning framework and the
utility of a card-task and an interview method for the assessment of illness meanings in an Indian sample of cancer patients
(n=100). ‘Challenge’, ‘value’, ‘punishment’ , ‘weakness’ and ‘enemy’ were the five categories from the Lipowski’s framework
that were found to be applicable in the current study sample whereas ‘strategy’, ‘relief’ and ‘loss’ were not applicable in
the sample. Five new categories of illness meanings emerged namely; ‘burden’, ‘part of life’, ‘God’s plan’, ‘fate’ and ‘low
threat’. Subgroups of patients formed on the basis of four broad categories of illness meanings (positive, negative, fate
and low threat) differed significantly on depression, anxiety and quality of life, supporting the convergent validity of the
interview based assessment. The study highlights that the card-task for assessment of meanings has significant limitations
and that Lipowski’s illness-meaning framework requires expansion to capture the breadth of illness experiences in Indian patients. 相似文献
5.
Ming Xu 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2006,35(6):599-619
We prove some embedding theorems for classical conditional logic, covering ‘finitely cumulative’ logics, ‘preferential’ logics and what we call ‘semi-monotonic’ logics. Technical tools called ‘partial frames’ and ‘frame morphisms’ in the context of neighborhood semantics are used in the proof. 相似文献
6.
Pietro Costa 《Res Publica》2011,17(4):317-325
This paper illustrates the main features of Luigi Ferrajoli’s theoretical approach to law, as they are developed in his Principia Juris. These include his opposition to the traditional perspective of natural law; his anti-cognitivist orientation; and, finally,
his fundamentally normative approach. Among the numerous problems discussed in Ferrajoli’s compendious book, the paper focuses
on his definition of constitutional democracy. In particular, the paper discusses the way in which Ferrajoli defines the complementarity
between democracy and rights; Ferrajoli’s own criticism of T. H. Marshall’s idea of citizenship; and the importance that the
distinction between ‘decidable’ and ‘non-decidable’ rights have in Ferrajoli’s own system. Other issues of interests that
are briefly discussed include the constitutionalisation of private law, and the defence of different kinds of liberty-rights. 相似文献
7.
N. Ángel Pinillos 《Philosophical Studies》2011,154(2):301-324
Sometimes two expressions in a discourse can be about the same thing in a way that makes that very fact evident to the participants.
Consider, for example, ‘he’ and ‘John’ in ‘John went to the store and he bought some milk’. Let us call this ‘de jure’ coreference.
Other times, coreference is ‘de facto’ as with ‘Mark Twain’ and ‘Samuel Clemens’ in a sincere use of ‘Mark Twain is not Samuel
Clemens’. Here, agents can understand the speech without knowing that the names refer to the same person. After surveying
many available linguistic and pragmatic tools (intentions to corefer, presuppositions, meanings, indexing, discourse referents,
binding etc.) I conclude that we must posit a new semantic primitive to account for de jure coreference. 相似文献
8.
This paper contributes towards a lay ethics of nanotechnology through an analysis of talk from focus groups designed to examine
how laypeople grapple with the meaning of a technology ‘in-the-making’. We describe the content of lay ethical concerns before
suggesting that this content can be understood as being structured by five archetypal narratives which underpin talk. These
we term: ‘the rich get richer and the poor get poorer’; ‘kept in the dark’; ‘opening Pandora’s box’; ‘messing with nature’;
and ‘be careful what you wish for’. We further suggest that these narratives can be understood as sharing an emphasis on the
‘giftedness’ of life, and that together they are used to resist dominant technoscientific and Enlightenment narratives of
control and mastery which are encapsulated by nanotechnology. 相似文献
9.
Stephen Finlay 《Philosophical Studies》2009,143(3):315-340
This paper advances a reductive semantics for ‘ought’ and a naturalistic theory of normativity. It gives a unified analysis
of predictive, instrumental, and categorical uses of ‘ought’: the predictive ‘ought’ is basic, and is interpreted in terms
of probability. Instrumental ‘oughts’ are analyzed as predictive ‘oughts’ occurring under an ‘in order that’ modifer (the
end-relational theory). The theory is then extended to categorical uses of ‘ought’: it is argued that they are special rhetorical
uses of the instrumental ‘ought’. Plausible conversational principles explain how this end-relational ‘ought’ can perform
the expressive functions of the moral ‘ought’. The notion of an ‘ought-simpliciter’ is also discussed.
相似文献
Stephen FinlayEmail: |
10.
11.
Michael Blome-Tillmann 《Philosophical Studies》2008,138(1):29-53
Epistemic contextualism—the view that the content of the predicate ‘know’ can change with the context of utterance—has fallen
into considerable disrepute recently. Many theorists have raised doubts as to whether ‘know’ is context-sensitive, typically
basing their arguments on data suggesting that ‘know’ behaves semantically and syntactically in a way quite different from
recognised indexicals such as ‘I’ and ‘here’ or ‘flat’ and ‘empty’. This paper takes a closer look at three pertinent objections
of this kind, viz. at what I call the Error-Theory Objection, the Gradability Objection and the Clarification-Technique Objection.
The paper concludes that none of these objections can provide decisive evidence against contextualism. 相似文献
12.
The paper defends a combination of perdurantism with mereological universalism by developing semantics of temporary predications
of the sort ’some P is/was/will be (a) Q’. We argue that, in addition to the usual application of causal and other restrictions
on sortals, the grammatical form of such statements allows for rather different regimentations along three separate dimensions,
according to: (a) whether ‘P’ and ‘Q’ are being used as phase or substance sortal terms, (b) whether ‘is’, ‘was’, and ‘will
be’ are the ‘is’, ‘was’, ‘will be’ of identity or of constitution, and (c) whether ‘Q’ is being used as a subject or predicate
term. We conclude that this latitude is beneficial, as it conforms with linguistic reality (i.e., the multiple uses actually
in place) and also enables one to turn what is ordinarily perceived as a problem for universalist perdurantism viz., a commitment
to all sorts of weird and gerrymandered temporally extended entities, into an advantage, for the richness in questions allows
us to make sense of the many different readings of sentences of the same grammatical form. 相似文献
13.
Axiomathes - The paper’s central theme is the link between phenomenology and the notion of the mathesis universalis, a link articulated by Husserl in the third volume of the Ideas: “My... 相似文献
14.
Eugen Fischer 《Synthese》2008,162(1):53-84
The later Wittgenstein advanced a revolutionary but puzzling conception of how philosophy ought to be practised: Philosophical
problems are not to be coped with by establishing substantive claims or devising explanations or theories. Instead, philosophical
questions ought to be treated ‘like an illness’. Even though this ‘non-cognitivism’ about philosophy has become a focus of
debate, the specifically ‘therapeutic’ aims and ‘non-theoretical’ methods constitutive of it remain ill understood. They are
motivated by Wittgenstein’s view that the problems he addresses result from misinterpretation, driven by ‘urges to misunderstand’.
The present paper clarifies this neglected concept and analyses how such ‘urges’ give rise to pseudo-problems of one particular,
hitherto little understood, kind. This will reveal ‘therapeutic’ aims reasonable and ‘non-theoretical’ methods necessary,
in one clearly delineated and important part of philosophy. I.e.: By developing a novel account of nature and genesis of one
important class of philosophical problems, the paper explains and vindicates a revolutionary reorientation of philosophical
work, at the level of both aims and methods. 相似文献
15.
Srinivasan Venkatesan 《Psychological studies》2011,56(2):206-215
This cross-sectional survey on a sample of parent, teacher and child respondents (n = 195) elicited their perceptions on or
about the ‘reasons/causes’ for academic problems in school students. A semi-structured ‘Demographic Data Sheet’ and another
open ended exploratory ‘Causes of Academic Problems Interview Schedule’ (CAPIS) exclusively developed for this study was used.
A classification of the ‘causes’ for academic problems into four categories by two independent observers revealed preponderance
of ‘child-centered’ causes (N: 937), followed by ‘teacher-centered’ causes (N: 751), ‘parent-centered’ (N: 643) and ‘environment
centered’ causes (N: 362). Analysis of trends show significant statistical differences in reported perceptions between the
three respondents (p: < 0.04); with highest disparity between ‘teacher-centered’ causative perceptions (p: < 0.001). Concordance
rates as measured by Cohen’s Kappa Coefficient is reflected by greater agreements on or about the reasons for academic problems
between parent-teacher respondents (0.34) and least for child-teacher reports (−0.08). The results suggest an attitudinal
triangulation on or about the reasons attributed for academic problems between parents, teachers and the children. This opens
up the need for stepping up measures to de-triangulate or harmonize these varying inter personal perceptions for optimum benefit
of such children. 相似文献
16.
This study supports the view that young boys are, to some degree, consistent in their tendency to be influenced by what they
have seen on films. Seventy-two boys were assigned randomly to an ‘aggressive’ film, a ‘constructive’ film, or a ‘mixed’ condition,
in which they saw two ‘aggressive’ films, two ‘constructive’ films or one ‘aggressive’ and one ‘constructive’ film. The number
of acts a boy imitated after seeing one film was positively correlated with the number of acts imitated after viewing the
second film in all three conditions. This tendency is shown to be independent of the initial tendency to act in the way portrayed
in the film. Further research into the question of individual differences in the tendency to imitate filmed behaviour is encouraged. 相似文献
17.
Sean Crawford 《Synthese》2008,160(1):75-96
Quine introduced a famous distinction between the ‘notional’ sense and the ‘relational’ sense of certain attitude verbs. The
distinction is both intuitive and sound but is often conflated with another distinction Quine draws between ‘dyadic’ and ‘triadic’
(or higher degree) attitudes. I argue that this conflation is largely responsible for the mistaken view that Quine’s account
of attitudes is undermined by the problem of the ‘exportation’ of singular terms within attitude contexts. Quine’s system
is also supposed to suffer from the problem of ‘suspended judgement with continued belief’. I argue that this criticism fails
to take account of a crucial presupposition of Quine’s about the connection between thought and language. The aim of the paper
is to defend the spirit of Quine’s account of attitudes by offering solutions to these two problems.
See also chapters four and five of Word and Object (Quine, 1960) and ‘Intensions Revisited’ (Quine, 1977). 相似文献
18.
Jonathan Sutton 《Studies in East European Thought》2006,58(2):107-135
This is an examination of two essays on minimal religion by Mikhail Epstein (1982 and 1999), assessing the usefulness of the
term ‘minimal religion’ for the analysis of religion in contemporary Russia.
An adapted version of a paper delivered at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES), University of London,
on 8 December, 2003. Note regarding Mikhail Epstein’s use of the words ‘religion’, ‘religiosity’ and ‘spirituality’: Epstein
uses the word ‘religion’ to signify ‘mainstream’, church-based manifestations of religion and also the institutional, hierarchical
structures related to those. Although in English usage the word ‘religiosity’ has negative connotations – signifying either
a superficially felt religious sentiment or a somehow false and insincere expression of religious feeling, intended for outward
show – Epstein appears to use the term entirely neutrally. For him it simply serves as a synonym for the word ‘spirituality’.
In the two essays examined in the present article the word ‘spirituality’ signifies the whole inner spiritual life and aspirations
of the individual and her/his reflection on an ethical way of living, whether the person concerned is a committed, church-going
believer, or someone engaged in a personal spiritual or philosophical quest for meaning, or else someone who has experienced
what Epstein refers to as ‘the wilderness’ of the Soviet years and has learnt of a spiritual dimension to life through that
formative experience. 相似文献
19.
Slobodanka Vladiv-Glover 《Studies in East European Thought》2006,58(3):205-238
Mamardašvili’s ‘classical’ paradigm of knowledge is seen to be minimally based on extrapolations from Descartes’ classical
philosophy to which Mamardašvili attributes features that rather anticipate his own post-classical ontology. The latter is
oriented towards the primacy of perception as a subjective process, in which the self-conscious subject constructs the world,
not as illusion, but as a ‘picture’ or ‘model’ (Wittgenstein’s Bild). By examining Mamardašvili’s definition of the ‘phenomenon’ against the␣background of Husserl’s ‘reduction’, Wittgenstein’s
‘object’ and the Freudian and post-structuralist psychoanalytic model of subjectivity, the paper arrives at the inference
that Mamardašvili is essentially a post-Structuralist thinker who appropriates concepts from various critical and philosophical
disciplines to construct his own multi-disciplinary theory of consciousness and perception. 相似文献
20.
Peter C. Farley 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(4):491-503
The metaphorical journeys of GenY missionaries from the United Kingdom towards commitment to long-term, cross-cultural missionary
work overseas were studied using data collected by interview and questionnaire. Lewis Rambo’s ‘stages of religious change’
model describes many aspects of these journeys. The addition of two new dimensions—recognising events that deflect a person
from a straight-line trajectory (‘deflection’) and events that provide the encouragement to go on (‘support’)—produces a model
that describes these journeys more accurately. The model is further improved by adding new aspects to the ‘quest,’ ‘commitment’
and ‘consequences’ dimensions, and by the identification of differences between men and women. The modified model provides
a comprehensive framework for understanding the journey of GenY-ers toward a missionary career. 相似文献