Bilateral Art: Integrating Art Therapy,Family Therapy,and Neuroscience

This paper describes the systemic use of a neurologically-based art therapy modality—bilateral art—that engages both dominant and non-dominant hands in the process of creating images in response to opposing cognitions or feelings. It describes both neuroscience and family therapy perspectives that argue for the use of bilateral art. A specific protocol for bilateral art therapy is provided along with a case study demonstrating integration of the protocol into the systemic treatment of a young family. Carole M. McNamee, PhD, is Research Professor and Clinical Associate, Director of the Arts in Healthcare Project, The Family Therapy Center, Department of Human Development, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 (cmcnamee@vt.edu).     

The Lived Experience of Marriage and Family Therapy Doctoral Graduates: A Phenomenological Study

Abstract

This qualitative study was conducted with nine individuals who have successfully completed a Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) doctoral program. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was employed to explore the experiences of these MFT doctoral graduates and the contributing factors to their success. The four overarching themes that emerged from the data included: (1) Necessity of and dependence on connections and support systems, (2) Becoming adept at overcoming challenges through limited resources, (3) Ability to translate skills and integrate processes, (4) Gratitude and appreciation for the journey. Implications for this field of study are discussed. Future research and implications are explored.     

艺术治疗的概念、发展及教育

综述了国内外近10年来关于艺术治疗的文献资料,回顾了艺术治疗的概念、学科范围界定、应用、发展,比较了中西方艺术文化差异,同时对于艺术治疗与健康和疾病的关系,及其机理等进行了探讨.也对国外艺术治疗在高等院校中的课程设置、讲解内容等进行了阐述.根据作者多年的研究和教育实践,试图探索出中国艺术治疗学科体系的构建框架.     

绘画艺术疗法在临床应用中的广阔前景

绘画艺术疗法在欧美地区已经得到广泛的应用,成为了心理咨询与治疗的主要技术之一,但在我国是近10年来才开始兴起。绘画艺术疗法作为一种独特的心理治疗手段,在精神分裂症、抑郁症、儿童孤独症、癌症等其他临床疾病的治疗过程均有着独特的疗效。本文将从其理论和作用机制、临床应用现状及应用前景等方面进行阐述。     

作为治疗的艺术：绘画艺术治疗的兴起与作用机制的探究

通过文献梳理的方式探索绘画艺术治疗兴起及其疗愈机制,揭示绘画艺术治疗的兴起具有特定的历史基础和实践发展过程。其疗愈功效是多种因素综合发挥作用的过程:人们在绘画过程中能够呈现完整的主体;通过美和创造获取积极的体验;以正念的方式沉浸在当下;非言语和象征化的形式有助于自由地进行表达和重构;其中,高质量的治疗关系是所有因素发挥效用的基础。身心关系理论和大脑可塑性为绘画艺术治疗提供了神经生物学的理论支持。绘画艺术治疗的广泛应用证明了其普适性和有效性,为人文在医疗环境中的复归提供了新的启示。     

The Art Therapy Practice Research Network: Hurdles,pitfalls and achievements

Aim: This article gives an overview of the setting up of the Art Therapy Practice Research Network (ATPRN) in 2000, amidst a culture resistant to research. The authors discuss their experiences in changing this culture and encouraging art therapists to become practitioner/researchers. They identify learning points that may be helpful for other professionals who want to form new practice research networks (PRNs). Context: The research and practice context contemporary to the ATPRN foundation is outlined and identified as a significant influence on its inception and development. Key events in the 14 years of the PRN's life and articles on art therapy and psychotherapy research published at the time of the ATPRN foundation are used to illuminate the historical context. ATPRN newsletters and symposium reports were consulted to identify themes and issues across 14 years of development and growth. Learning points: Several learning points are identified and listed as useful factors to address when setting up and maintaining a PRN and include: shape the culture from the start; review and revise; get practical together; encourage members' presentations; build synergy with professional body; embed the ATPRN around all aspects of research publication. Conclusions: Successful PRNs depend on making practitioners feel included from the start by acknowledging fear and anxiety about research. Providing practical projects helped practitioners to feel less isolated by being part of a meaningful and productive network. Maintaining and developing PRNs is an iterative process that demands constant reviewing and revising.     

A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Family Therapy

Although cognitive behavioral spectrum approaches with individual children are plentiful and demonstrate effectiveness, cognitive behaviorally oriented clinicians are frequently left to their own devices when it comes to treating families. Cognitive behavioral family therapy is a relatively recent development and there are precious few reports of its clinical use. This article presents a conceptual foundation and clinical rubrics for the practice of cognitive behavioral family therapy. Basic theoretical background information is presented and places the therapeutic processes and procedures in a proper context. Session structure in cognitive behavioral therapy is illustrated and the way it propels therapeutic momentum and adds focus to each session is explained. Rudimentary processes of self-monitoring, self-instruction, rational analysis, and behavioral enactment are described and augmented with case material. Finally, the conclusion offers directions for further theory building, research, and clinical practice.     

Natural Reflection,Phenomenological Reflection and Hyperreflexivity

This paper examines critically the notion of reflection as self-objectification and points out its insufficiency in accounting for the pathological phenomenon of hyperreflexivity. It proposes an understanding of reflection as situated and motivated from within a world and having a normative aspect that concerns the very life of the reflecting person. On this account, the paper argues, on the one hand, that both phenomenological reflection and hyperreflexivity can be viewed as forms of reflection characterized by loss of the world. On the other hand, by construing the phenomenological loss as imaginative vis-à-vis the real loss of hyperreflexivity, the paper emphasizes a difference between the two domains.     

Narrative Representation and Phenomenological Knowledge

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that narrative representations can provide knowledge in virtue of their narrativity, regardless of their truth value. I set out the question in section 1, distinguishing narrative cognitivism from aesthetic cognitivism and narrative representations from non-narrative representations. Sections 2 and 3 argue that exemplary narratives can provide lucid phenomenological knowledge, which appears to meet both the epistemic and narrativity criteria for the narrative cognitivist thesis. In section 4, I turn to non-narrative representation, focusing on lyric poetry as presenting a disjunctive objection: either lucid phenomenological knowledge can be reduced to identification and fails to meet the epistemic criterion, or lucid phenomenological knowledge is provided in virtue of aesthetic properties and fails to meet the narrativity criterion. I address both of these problems in sections 5 and 6, and I close with a tentative suggestion as to how my argument for narrative cognitivism could be employed as an argument for aesthetic cognitivism.     

The Process of Systemic Change in Filial Therapy: A Phenomenological Study of Parent Experience

This phenomenological study represents the first qualitative exploration of parents’ experiences of the process of filial therapy from a systemic lens. Filial therapy is a treatment approach that teaches parents how to conduct weekly thirty minute play times with their target child at home in an effort to improve the parent–child relationship. Previous research has focused almost exclusively on the impact of this model on this relationship; however, the results from this focus group study (n = 8) indicate several relational shifts that occur within the greater family and societal contexts and suggest potential reasons for treatment gain maintenance over time.     

艺术教育的精神保健功能

艺术治疗是一个古老的话题,向我们揭示了艺术活动在促进人类的精神成长和心理健康方面的意义和价值.学校中的艺术教育作为教育制度中最能体现人文关怀的学科,不应回避青少年对于精神保健和心理卫生的需求.从艺术治疗中汲取有益的经验,探索艺术活动如何为青少年提供长期而稳定的心理支持,是艺术教育在现代社会应该承担的职责.     

Wittgenstein and the Phenomenological Movement: Reply to Monk

Abstract

Monk’s ‘The Temptations of Phenomenology’ examines what the term ‘Phänomenologie’ meant for Wittgenstein. Contesting various other scholars, Monk claims that Wittgenstein’s relation to ‘Phänomenologie’ began and ended during 1929. Monk only partially touches on the question of Wittgenstein’s relation to the phenomenological movement during this time. Though Monk does not mention this, 1929 was also the year in which Ryle and Carnap turned their critical attention toward Heidegger. Wittgenstein also expressed his sympathy for Heidegger in 1929. Furthermore, though in 1929 Wittgenstein agrees with the early Husserl on relating logic and science to phenomenology, it is not clear that they mean the same thing by either logic or phenomenology, or that they agree on what the relation between the two should be.     

A Phenomenological Calculus for Anisotropic Systems

The phenomenological calculus is a relational paradigm for complex systems, closely related in substance and spirit to Robert Rosen’s own approach. Its mathematical language is multilinear algebra. The epistemological exploration continues in this paper, with the expansion of the phenomenological calculus into the realm of anisotropy.     

依恋安全对自传记忆提取现象学特征的影响

个体在回忆自传记忆时的主观体验特征称为自传记忆的现象学特征,这种个体精神现象学特征的早期推动是个体依恋特征。研究采用依恋故事阅读启动范式,探讨依恋安全对自传记忆现象学特征提取的影响。研究结果显示,安全依恋启动组的自传记忆可得性、清晰性和具体性显著高于对照组,不安全依恋启动组的自传记忆可得性和生动性显著低于对照组,且关系自我构念在依恋安全水平与自传记忆清晰性、具体性、可得性和生动性之间起部分中介作用。研究从新的角度表明,依恋建构着个体关系自我构念,并影响自传记忆现象学特征。     

The evolving self: finding meaning in near-death experiences using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Near-death experiences (NDEs) have become a topic of increasing interest to medical and psychological researchers over the last 35 years. During the course of this research agenda, several studies have focused on the phenomenology of the experience and its after-effects, mostly from a nomothetic stance. The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of having an NDE and what meaning NDErs attribute to that experience and its resultant after-effects by taking an idiographic, phenomenological approach. Three female participants took part in recorded face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis found that to more deeply understand the impact of NDEs it is crucial to consider how the experience fits within the biographical context of an individual's life. Rather than being an overall influence on personal and spiritual growth, individuals may choose elements of an experience which are most personally meaningful for them and take that into their later lives. Each participant in some way came to a new understanding in their lives as a result of their NDE. In addition, the process of integration was helped or hindered by physical and psychological factors concomitant at the time of the NDE. Also evident were the challenges the NDE, or elements therein, have on the individual's sense of self and how they maintain and develop that self in the years succeeding the event.     

Play and Art in Existential Trauma Therapy with Children and Their Parents

In existential family trauma therapy play and art can be utilized during the treatment process to help children and their parents hold, tell, master, and honor their trauma experiences and trauma pain. Clinical material is offered to illustrate this existential treatment process.     

A Solution-Based Approach to Couple Therapy

Abstract

Couples often present for counseling as a last resort. As relationships in crisis may not last it is important that treatment be time-effective. Solution-based therapies have been described as brief and time-effective and applied effectively to working with couples. This article presents a case example demonstrating the application of a solution-based approach to therapy with a married African-American couple entering therapy to resolve their relationship difficulties that lead to the initiation of divorce proceedings. The processes of reducing blame and conflict, creating hope and solution building utilizing solution-based interventions are discussed, as well as the treatment outcomes.     

A Combined-Constructionist Therapeutic Approach to Couples Experiencing Erectile Dysfunction: Part II

This paper is Part II of an exploration of the treatment and conceptualization of Erectile Dysfunction (ED). In the past two decades, there has been a shift in the treatment of Erectile Dysfunction to more medically based approaches. Part I of the paper presented the role of biomedical and organic factors involved in ED. However, although important for the couple therapist to understand, by focusing only on the bio-medical aspects of ED, the couple may face new issues in their considerably different relationship with sex now a part of their lives. The current paper, while respectful of the medical model approach, emphasizes the overall quality of the couple relationship, presenting information on the psychological and systemic therapies and issues that may be related to Erectile Dysfunction, encouraging a combined-constructionist approach.     

詹姆斯心理学的现象学阐释

必须从詹姆斯的人格和他的思想作为整体及其统一性的背景出发,才能有效地理解詹姆斯心理学的真髓。詹姆斯思想的内核是彻底经验主义。他以彻底经验主义为基础的心理学思考,与胡塞尔的现象学思考作为思想态度是同质的,因而表现出明确的现象学特征。文章指出了对詹姆斯心理学进行现象学阐释的根据,并结合心理学史探讨了詹姆斯的思想方法对心理学作为整体而言的理论意义。