德性与伦理规范刍议

道德都是历史的、具体的,但并不意味着人类不存在某种道德的普适性,也不表明当今社会毋须对普适伦理的寻求.康德的道德既是德性又是规范性;既是道德主体之自觉,又含有道德本体之意味,两者是内在统一的.然而,西方社会因历来政治、法律重于伦理道德,更多的表现为外在的规范伦理.中国传统伦理思想与之不同,是以内在规范和道德自觉之统一为其特征.传统的规范性道德理论,面临现代社会纷繁复杂的价值观和道德无序的局面,已无能为力.德性伦理的复兴,并不排斥伦理规范,而是要在新的历史条件下化外在规范为内在规范,使德性和规范在更高的层面得到内在统一.     

浅谈儒家伦理对网络伦理建设的几点启示

一、前言 网络是指由电子计算机借助远程通讯等技术连接世界各个国家、部门及个人的高速信息交换系统.它以前所未有的速度扩展到社会生活的各个领域,对社会发展起到了极其重要的推动作用.然而网络在以其平等、自由、兼容、共享的基本精神推动社会伦理道德进步的同时,也引发了一系列网络伦理问题,如道德相对主义、自我中心主义、道德冷漠和人际情感疏远、侵犯个人隐私权以及网络犯罪等道德失范现象.     

人类性行为的伦理"真、善、美"

人类既是一种自然存在物.又是一种社会存在物.因此,人类的性行为必须符合自然规律和社会规律的要求.这些要求表现为人类性行为的"伦理真"、"伦理善"和"伦理美".     

和谐伦理的现代需求与组织伦理

现代社会的伦理危机是由现代性伦理需求的供给不足所导致的.传统道德哲学不能满足有机团结的、远距离的现代社会及其行动结构所提出的伦理需求.伦理视阈中的组织,是实体性的道德责任主体和创生性的伦理实体.组织所具备的这两大伦理特征,能较好地承担现代社会的伦理需求.组织伦理的研究可以帮助解决现代社会的伦理危机,实现伦理和谐.     

经济伦理与伦理经济--兼论经济伦理学的方法问题

经济伦理研究和伦理经济研究有共同的论域,即经济学与伦理学相交的范围;这种研究必须面对现实的经济生活和社会道德状况,并从中引申出经济与伦理交互作用的规律性;作为经济学与伦理学的交叉学科,经济伦理学既是一门实证科学,又是一门价值学科;经济伦理学的研究必须遵循实事求是的原则、历史与逻辑相统一的原则和价值学的原则.     

和合经济与儒家伦理

21世纪是一个经济全球化、科技一体化、网络普及化、政治多极化、文化多元化的时代,世界的一些政治家、思想家、谋略家自觉与不自觉地都在思考人类怎样才能活得幸福、安全和美好;探索人与自然、人与社会、人与人,以及民族与民族、国与国、地区与地区之间的关系,应以什么新理念、新原则、新方式来建构新关系、新秩序,使人人都能安身立命.     

网络时代的牧养思考

毋庸置疑,人类在二十一世纪最大的特点就是进入了网络时代。在这样一个一“网”打尽天下的时代,因着网络,人与人之间的距离开始缩短;因着网络,社会的信息和资源得到有效地共享;因着网络,教会得以拓展她福音和牧养的空间。但同时网络也带来了一系列意想不到的问题：低俗、色情内容的泛滥,不负责任的虚假信息的传播,使人在虚拟世界中不能自拔而在现实社会中却备感孤独……网络对于教会牧养事工来说,既是挑战,也是机遇。可以说,今天任何一个肩负着牧养使命的教会,都不能不正视网络存在的现实。一个不懂得如何面对网络和使用网络的教会,是一个固步自封、落伍于时代的教会。     

人格尊严保护:网络文明和网络伦理建设的价值内核

网络文明和网络伦理建设是与网络化、信息化共生的时代课题,其目的和意义在于保障和维护网络空间信息生产、社会生活以及社会交往的优良秩序和风清气正的网络环境。网络文明和网络伦理建设的首要问题是厘清其价值指向与价值诉求的问题。由于网络空间中的一切活动都是现实的人在虚拟空间中的活动,所以人格尊严保护就逻辑地成为网络文明和网络伦理建设的价值内核和价值诉求。事实上,在实践中,尤其在法律实践中,保护人格尊严已经成为世界上许多国家的立法理念与法律活动的重要组成部分,并且有逐步向网络空间虚拟化延伸的趋势。因此,加强网络空间人格尊严的法律保护,建设文明的具有伦理秩序的网络社会,尊重和保护网络空间中每一个公民的"虚拟人格尊严",对于构建和谐的网络空间氛围并推动中国特色社会主义的发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

制度公正的伦理资源初探

制度公正既是人们实现社会公正的有效途径,又是人们追求社会公正的必然结果。制度公正的建立、维护与发展,不仅需要制度本身的设计,更需要制度背后起到关键性、基础性作用的背景文化与社会资源。这种背景文化与社会资源主要由人的理性、公正文化、公正的客观条件构成,它们作为推动制度走向公正的基本要素,在伦理的维度与视域中,被称作制度公正的伦理资源。这些伦理资源为推动制度走向公正,提供了真正的主体、力量与条件,是制度公正的根本动力与坚实基础。     

医学科学数据共享的伦理问题研究

医学科学数据既是医学科学研究的成果,又是一种重要研究资源.针对医学科学数据共享所面临的伦理学问题,如医学科学数据的所有权、医学科学数据共享与知识产权保护等,提出相应的举措,对促进和规范医学科学数据的共享、最大化科学数据的价值具有现实和长远的意义.     

Virtue Ethics and Confucian Ethics

This essay focuses on the unity of several virtues in pre-Qin Confucians. Confucius maintains the proper application and coherence of such virtues as benevolence, wisdom, trustworthiness, straightforwardness, courage, and firmness. Further, Confucius takes benevolence and nobility as characteristic of human being. Particular attention is paid to the distinction and relationship between virtuous characters and virtuous actions.     

Feminist Ethics and Religious Ethics

This focus issue is a conversation at and about the interface of feminist ethics and religious ethics, in order to show what these multifaceted fields of intellectual endeavor and practical import have to say to each other, to teach and to learn. The seven essays approach that dialogue from a variety of angles and traditions, reflecting the fecundity of both fields and the wide‐ranging concerns of colleagues in religious ethics who share commitments and methods with feminist ethics.     

语言伦理与媒体伦理

语言与媒体的联系表明语言伦理与媒体伦理具有内在联系;语言与媒体的差异表明语言伦理与媒体伦理之间又存在着巨大区别,从而使得前者构成了自然语言的伦理问题,后者构成了媒体语言的伦理问题。不要说谎(即说真话)既是自然语言伦理也是媒体语言伦理的基本要求,但是,由于媒体语言与自然语言的不对称,以及媒体语言已经成为公共领域的主导语言,所以,媒体语言之不要说谎的重要性远非自然语言不要说谎的重要性所能比拟。应用伦理学应该通过政府主管部门、媒体自律协会和全体社会公众三条监督途径,来解决媒体伦理问题,确保媒体遵循不要说谎的基本道德要求。其中,利用现代网络技术把自然语言提升为媒体语言,完善全体社会公众的监督途径尤为重要。     

传统伦理学的价值伦理学转向

传统伦理学的价值伦理学转向,一是基于研究重心由“应当”问题转换为“德行之所以然”的问题,二是基于研究范式上由目的论、德性论、义务论等转换为价值论。作为传统伦理学的集大成者,康德伦理学一方面因其浓烈的价值论色彩而成为舍勒和N．哈特曼价值伦理学的前奏,另一方面因其“实质”内容缺失而致的形式主义又为后者的拓展提供了空间。舍勒,尤其是N．哈特曼的实质价值伦理学正是在康德伦理学的理论平台上得以建立的。     

Between Christian Ethics and Religious Ethics

By focusing on questions concerning what kind of training graduate students in theology and ethics and religious ethics should receive, I try to initiate a conversation we need to have about the kind of work the JRE should foster.     

Ethics Talk; Talking Ethics: An Example of Clinical Ethics Consultation

This written account of a clinical encounter - depicting fragments of a more extensive array of events - attempts to exemplify many facets and associated complexities of clinical ethics consultation. Within the general telling, I provide more detailed portrayals of several key events. In secion 1, I document briefly my initial interactions at the beginning of the consultation, focusing on the information gained - in the context of those interactions - as I read the medical chart of Mrs. Rose. Next in section 2, I briefly describes my initial conversation with Mrs. Rose's three sons. Section 3 illustrates several questions raised in sections 1 and 2. Then section 4 presents my encounter with Paul, the youngest son, as he was carrying out his vigil at his mother's bedside in the hospital. Section 5 chronicles my interactions with several care providers involved in Mrs. Rose's situation, including two different meetings that occurred with Mrs. Rose's attending physician. I conclude in section 6 by telling about a conversation I had with Mrs. Rose's middle son, Russell, approximately one month after Mrs. Rose died.     

Recentering Christian Ethics as Comparative Religious Ethics

The filial relationship between Christian ethics and Comparative Religious Ethics (CRE) need not be perniciously distortive and can be salutary for comparative work. I suggest that the suspicions about CRE as a disguised form of a “Christian ethical enterprise” are overstated and that we can appreciate the value of the legacy of Christian ethics for comparative work in the focal themes of emancipatory criticism and common morality. Both of these themes, even if influenced by Christian ethics, reflect more universal social‐moral problems that can be discerned in cross‐cultural contexts.     

Christian Ethics,Religious Ethics,and Secular Ethics: A Contemporary Reappraisal

In this essay, I argue that Christian ethicists should not think of themselves as religious ethicists. I defend this claim by arguing that the concept of religious ethics, as it has come to be understood as a discipline that is distinct from secular ethics, is incoherent. In part one, I describe the fraught attempts by theologians in the 20th century to identify the distinctiveness of Christian ethics. In part two, I argue that certain accounts of natural law unwittingly reinforce a problematic conception of secular ethics. Part three examines some trends in religious studies and comparative religious ethics to highlight problematic conceptions of religion. Drawing together these strands of inquiry, I contend that that the secular-religious dichotomy in contemporary ethics should be rejected, but by the same token, I suggest that comparative ethics remains a worthwhile enterprise.