DESIGNING, PLANNING, AND SELLING PROJECT A

Because of its size and its focus on an entire personnel system, Project A represents an unusual chapter in the support of personnel research and development (R & D) by a funding agency. This paper describes the events that led up to the decision to create such a Request for Proposals (RFP), and the conditions that made it possible. The conditions that seem necessary to maintain such a project over the course of its life cycle are also discussed.     

VAGUE PARTS AND VAGUE IDENTITY

We discuss arguments against the thesis that the world itself can be vague. The first section of the paper distinguishes dialectically effective from ineffective arguments against metaphysical vagueness. The second section constructs an argument against metaphysical vagueness that promises to be of the dialectically effective sort: an argument against objects with vague parts. Firstly, cases of vague parthood commit one to cases of vague identity. But we argue that Evans' famous argument against will not on its own enable one to complete the reductio in the present context. We provide a metaphysical premise that would complete the reductio, but note that it seems deniable. We conclude by drawing general morals from our case study.     

GIRARD AND THE SPACES OF APOCALYPTIC

This article examines the apocalyptic turn evident in René Girard's Battling to the End (2009), which puts an exclamation point on what has been an increasing tendency in Girard's thought. Its general aim is to describe Girard's particular form of biblical apocalyptic. Toward that end, (a) it unfolds Girard's arguments against other apocalyptic contenders, including Hegel and Heidegger; (b) it opens up a space of conversation with other forms of apocalyptic thought (e.g. Johann Baptist Metz and, more controversially, Emmanuel Levinas); and (c) in and through Girard's affirmation of Benedict XVI, raises the question of whether there is a structural symmetry between their thought, and whether both articulate a form of Augustinian apocalyptic.     

格式塔和容限空间

本文讨论了视知觉的组织的本质。整体性的知觉的许多事实表明,视觉系统的一个基本和一般的功能象是对大范围拓扑性质的抽提。运用“容限空间”的数学结构,可以描述在一个离散集合上的大范围性质。因此决定知觉的组织规律性,如象相邻性和相似性这样的格式塔的规律,可以由大范围的拓扑(容限)性质来给与数学的描述。格式塔的本质正是这种大范围容限性质的抽提。     

CONTINGENCY SPACES AND MEASURES IN CLASSICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING1

The contingency between conditional and unconditional stimuli in classical conditioning paradigms, and between responses and consequences in instrumental conditioning paradigms, is analyzed. The results are represented in two- and three-dimensional spaces in which points correspond to procedures, or procedures and outcomes. Traditional statistical and psychological measures of association are applied to data in classical conditioning. Root mean square contingency, ø, is proposed as a measure of contingency characterizing classical conditioning effects at asymptote. In instrumental training procedures, traditional measures of association are inappropriate, since one degree of freedom—response probability—is yielded to the subject. Further analysis of instrumental contingencies yields a surprising result. The well established “Matching Law” in free-operant concurrent schedules subsumes the “Probability Matching” finding of mathematical learning theory, and both are equivalent to zero contingency between responses and consequences.     

PUNJABI THEATRE: SPACES,ICONS AND CULTURE

This paper focuses on the development and growth of Punjabi theatre within the socio-cultural space of Punjab through a study of its different aspects and the directions it has taken under different icons and times. Modern Punjabi theatre which grew with the encouragement of Norah Richards, has not only traversed various genres and styles but also been dominated and defined by iconic personalities such as I.C. Nanda, Balwant Gargi, Gursharan Singh and Neelam Mansingh. The themes have been equally varied ranging from folk legends and stories, the trauma of the partition, the post-independence social reality and the rustic, rural essence of Punjab. This paper deals with the issue of performance and performance spaces through the work of some of these dominant personalities of Punjabi theatre in order to arrive at a deeper understanding of the cohesions and divergences that define and problematize the entity of Punjabi theatre.     

PERCEIVED SUBSTRUCTURES AND EMOTIONAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS A TEST BATTERY AND ITS PARTS

M ogensen , A. Perceived substructures and emotional attitudes towards a test battery and its parts. Scand. J. Psychol ., 1962, 3 , 30–32.—The potential value of an experimental and phenomenological approach for the study of the perception and cognition of ability tests is stressed. Some preliminary results from a pilot study of twelve students are given. The relationship between the subjects' emotional attitudes towards the tests and their perceptions and cognitions of the tests are briefly discussed.     

STUDIES IN VISUAL PERCEPTION OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACES AND ROOMS

To test the hypothesis that perceived size of space depends on perceived depth, a relation between judged depth and size of space was derived. External spaces were judged from colour photographs by the magnitude estimation method. It was found that judged depth is a power function of physical depth and judged size of space a power function of physical size (rectangular area) or of judged depth times perceived width. The results indicate deviations from the derived relation and some explanations for these are discussed. Further research is needed to verify the proposed hypothesis.     

STUDIES IN VISUAL PERCEPTION OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACES AND ROOMS

G arling T. Studies in visual perception of architectural spaces and rooms. V. Aesthetic preferences. Scand. J. Psychol ., 1972. 13 , 222–227.—Depicted urban spaces were rated by 24 subjects with respect to pleasantness. The results for colour photographs, 'detailed' and 'undetailed' perspective drawings were compared. As a common basis for aesthetic preferences, the factors 'variation', 'umbrageousness' and 'openness' were suggested. These factors accounted for 69 % of the variance in multiple linear regression.     

PATTERN PERCEPTION,CONCEPTUAL SPACES,AND DIMENSIONAL LIMITATIONS ON INFORMATION PROCESSING

A conceptual space was defined as the collection of all linearly inde- pendent psychological dimensions underlying the multidimensional scaling of a set of tasks. When a single subject scaled a sample of random polygons under fifteen different task conditions, a total of ten linearly independent dimensions was obtained. The number of obtained dimensions in individual tasks ranged between 1 and 3. The results suggest the existence o f a dimensional limitation upon information processing in MDS studies.     

整体与部分的关系对汉字的知觉分离影响的研究

采用命名技术探讨了整体与部分的关系对汉字知觉分离的影响。实验一探讨了在由相同构字部件组成的汉字整体中部件从整体中分离出来的情况。结果表明,在由相同构字部件组成的整体中,部件同整体分离的难易与部件数有关,在部件少的整体当中,部件反而更难同整体分离,部件之间结合得更紧密,当命名部件时,整体更难被忽视。实验二探讨了部件从由不同构字部件组成的汉字整体中分离出来的情况,结果表明：（１）部件同整体分离的难易取     

CONTRARY NARRATIVE SPACES AND THE SIKH WOMAN: Imperial aftermaths in Bhisham Sahni's Tamas and Gulzar's Maachis

Public nationalistic discourses construct ideas of national belonging for the privileged few while the minorities and the exilic struggle to find a place within nation-states in the postcolonial world. In the production and construction of the nationalistic discourse and identity, private narratives, often gendered accounts, are elided, and a masculinist and heteropatriarchal construct dominate. In this paper, I will examine private narratives ensuing the 1947 partition of India and the Sikh militancy in Punjab from 1984 onwards in order to incorporate an alternative interpretation regarding ideas of national belonging for the Sikhs, especially for the diasporic Sikh women.     

STUDIES IN VISUAL PERCEPTION OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACES AND ROOMS: I. Judgment scales of open and closed space

G arling , T. Studies in visual perception of architectural spaces and rooms. I. Judgment scales of open and closed space. Scand. J. Psychol ., 1969, io , 250–256.—Eight observers judged open and closed space, viewing spaces from different spots along a street in a small town. The spaces were viewed and judged either as wholes or parts by using a ratio scaling procedure. The observers were found to make reliable judgments of closed and open space. The function relating these judgment to each other approximated, however, a complementary relation as expected for category ratings. Judgments of whole spaces might be predicted from averaged judgments of their parts.     

STUDIES IN VISUAL PERCEPTION OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACES AND ROOMS: II. Judgments of open and closed space by category rating and magnitude estimation

G ärling , T. Studies in visual perception of architectural spaces and rooms. II. Judgments of open and closed space by category rating and magnitude estimation. Scand. J. Psychol ., 1969, 10 , 257–268.—In one experiment, colour photographs of architectural spaces were employed as stimuli and judged with respect to open and closed space. Category scales of open and closed were complementary, magnitude scales were reciprocal. Judged open space correlated positively and judged closed space negatively with physical size of actual spaces. In another experiment, judged size was found to be directly related to judged open space and inversely related to judged closed space. Furthermore, open and closed space judged in situ correlated to a significant degree with corresponding judgments from photographs.