THE ESCHATOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF OUR KNOWLEDGE OF GOD

In this essay, I show how Thomas Aquinas circumscribes epistemological questions concerning both the possibility and character of our knowledge of God within a larger eschatological framework that acknowledges the beatific vision as the ultimate good that we desire as well as the ultimate end for which we were created. Thus, knowledge of God is possible and actual on Aquinas's view because it is eternally rather than merely temporally indexed—that is, properly attributable to the blessed in heaven and only derivatively attributable to persons of faith. I further argue that interpreting Aquinas's account of faith in the light of his account of the beatific vision allows us to carve out polemical space for the theologically realist claim that there can be and in fact is objectivity in our knowledge of God, whether that knowledge comes through faith (in this life) or the beatific vision (in the next life).     

汉字分解组合的表象操作与汉字字形学习的关系

该研究的目的,在于探讨影响汉字字形学习效果的主要汉字形体因素和心理因素以及两者之间的关系。实验结果表明:(1)汉字分解组合的视觉表象操作速度和准确性与汉字字形学习水平具有密切关系,学习水平优良者明显优于低水平者,且上、中、下三个学习水平组别之间具有显著性差别;(2)并非任何汉字字形学习水平的不同都可以造成相应表象操作速度方面的显著性差别,只有当其前者达到一个相当程度的差异状况时才会如此;(3)不同汉字字形学习水平者在汉字分解组合的表象操作错误类型方面不尽相同:低学习水平者以顺序错误为主,中、上学习水平者则以部首替换错误较多。对此,应当注重培养学习者汉字视觉表象的操作能力,从而改善汉字教学和学习效果。     

汉字识别中部件的频率效应

用整字识别、整合识别和部件识别任务探讨部件频率在汉字显示识别中的作用．实验一发现第一部件频率促进低频两部件合体字识别;实验二先后呈现合体字两组成部件并识别整字,第二部件频率有干扰作用;实验三识别合体字中的部件,部件频率有易化作用．部件在汉字识别中的易化和干扰作用受整字频率和结构类型的影响．     

汉字整体和笔画频率对笔画认知的影响

为考察笔画在汉字认知中的作用,探讨了汉字整体和笔画频率对笔画认知的影响。结果表明：（1）和部件识别类似,笔画认知存在着显著的字劣效应：识别汉字中的笔画比识别单独呈现的笔画反应时明显地长,错误率也大幅度增加,显示了汉字整体对笔画认知的抑制性影响。（2）识别汉字中的笔画的反应时也受背景汉字笔画多少的影响。识别少笔画汉字中的笔画比识别多笔画汉字中的笔画容易。（3）笔画频率对笔画认知也有重要影响,频率高的笔画比频率低的笔画容易识别     

语音在维——汉双语者汉字识别中的作用

采用语音启动技术,以第二语言为汉语的46名维吾尔族大学生为研究对象,考查了语音在维-汉双语者汉字识别中的作用.结果发现,维吾尔族被试在命名任务和词汇判断任务中都获得了语音启动效应,语义启动效应只出现在词汇判断任务中.结论:语音在维吾尔族大学生汉字识别中是自动激活的,而且语音的自动激活参与了语义通达.     

THE CHARACTER OF VIRTUE: ANSWERING THE SITUATIONIST CHALLENGE TO VIRTUE ETHICS

Neo‐Aristotelian virtue ethics makes essential reference to the notion of a stable, robust character‐trait. It also claims to be constrained by at least a minimal degree of psychological realism. Recent developments in empirical psychology have drawn into question the evidence for the existence of such robust traits, arguing that it rests on what has been called a ‘fundamental attribution error’. Virtue ethics has thus seemingly been made vulnerable to criticisms that it is essentially dependent on an erroneous, folk‐psychological, notion of character and, so, must either abandon their characteristic notion of virtue or forego any pretensions to psychological realism. I develop a two‐pronged response to this objection. First, I argue that there is reason to question much of the empirical evidence and that such evidence as does exist can easily be accommodated by virtue ethics. Next, I argue that even if we allow that neo‐Aristotelian virtue ethical theories does sometimes presuppose a stronger conception of character‐traits than is warranted by the evidence, this does not significantly undermine the virtue ethicist's project.     

汉字识别中部件组合的频率效应

用整字识别、整合识别等任务研究部件组合频率在汉字识别中的作用。发现部件组合频率可促进高频两部件合体字的识别（实验一）;在先后呈现两组成部件时这种作用仍然存在（实验二）;但在识别高频三部件左右型合体字时（实验三）,位于左边的部件组合表现出易化作用（田型字）;位于右边的部件组合表现出干扰作用（田型字）。部件组合有与部件类似的频率效应。     

在班集体影响下学生道德品质形成过程的心理学分析

这篇初步的研究报告有很值得重视的意义。所介绍的不仅是很可宝贵的教育工作经验,并同样是可以很富有成效的一种发展心理学和教育心理学研究方法,只是所作的心理学考察还可以更深入一些。这样的研究可以由教育工作者自己做,也可以由心理学工作者和教育工作者一起做。也可以在后者的协助之下进行。     

对汉字字形识别层次模型的实验验证

该研究采用Ｊｏｈｎｓｔｏｎ和ＭｃＣｌｅｌｌａｎｄ的实验范式以合体汉字为实验材料对层次模型进行了实验检验。结果表明,以假字掩蔽模式代替特征掩蔽模式使字目标对部件目标的字优效应明显下降。这一结果支持了层次模型,即合体汉字的字形加工以部件识别加工为中介。但本实验还发现了真字掩蔽模式下的字优效应量比假字掩蔽模式下明显减少,这一结果表明,在字加工水平中存在着觉察器间的相互竞争。因此,合体汉字字形识别的部件中介模型有待进一步完善。