宽容:宗教自由及宗教对话的前提

"宽容"(tolerance)出现于16 世纪,即在宗教教派分裂的历史语境下,从拉丁语和法语中借用而来.在此种生成语境下,这个词最初的含义比较狭窄,意味着对异己信仰的容忍.在16 和17世纪,宗教宽容渐渐变成了一个法律概念,各国政府颁布了倡导宽容的法律条文,规定官员和守法的信徒们在与宗教少数派的交往中,必须采取宽容态度.这样,从执政者颁布的、要求对另类信仰者及其实践采取宽容态度的法令中,逐渐衍生出一种普世的道德心态与行为准则,它允许一定条件下的充分自由和不同观点的共存,这种道德心态与行为准则就是我们通常所理解的"宽容".     

从佛教立场迈向宗教多元主义与宗教对话

本文主要从佛教思想内部寻找宗教多元主义与宗教对话的智慧,以便为当前文明对话提供思想资源。首先,佛教将佛教以外的一切宗教称为外道,最后以真理观打破自他宗教的界限,充分表现了宗教多元主义的倾向;其次,二谛的思想模式具有终极实在与多元宗教的意义,而且二谛的相即、不二的关系,体现了宗教多元主义的真理观;最后,瑜伽行派的种姓各别与种子熏习思想,表达了宗教对话的必要性与可能性。     

Towards a New Religious Dialogue: Buddhism and Postmodern Theology

This paper proffers an example of a new form of religious dialogue. It subverts, rather than assumes the philosophical tradition of universal reason, upon which religious dialogue has traditionally proceeded. To this end, I call into question the frequently perceived affinity between Buddhism and radical postmodern a/theology. Whereas the latter works within a framework of oppositions inherited from the modern philosophical tradition, Buddhism is innocent of such a framework, and jettisons its 'either-or' antinomies. In this respect, I argue that there is a striking 'coincidence in outlook' between Buddhism and conservative postmodern theology, which also seeks to subvert the modern philosophical framework which it regards as being essentially secular. I suggest that this 'coincidence in outlook', which contrasts with the modern outlook, opens the way for a religious dialogue based on a mutual affirmation of difference, rather than on the distorting universalist quest for affinity at all costs.     

佛教与犹太教比较及宗教对话刍议

全球伦理运动席卷全球,掀起了寻求普遍伦理以及各文明、宗教对话的热潮。学者多重儒、佛、基督教等之间的比较,本文通过对佛教与犹太教的核心教义及律方面的比较探讨宗教对话的可行性,希望可以对宗教与文明对话提供一些有益的借鉴。     

论宗教对话的可行性及其在当代的意义

通过对话来消除因宗教信仰不同而引发的社会矛盾和意见分歧,维护社会和谐,已成为当今社会各界的普遍共识.肯定以往学者探寻各宗教间共性方面所取得的积极成果的同时,人们更应该看到作为宗教对话主体的人所具备的生存智慧在宗教对话中可以起到的重要作用,只有这样才能使宗教对话不至于流于形式,而显得积极富有成效.     

A Psychology of Religious Plurality: From Intra-Religious Dialogue to Intra-Psychic Reality

Panikkar’s (The intra-religious dialogue, 1978) classic, re-issued by Paulist Press in 1999, grapples with the theological challenges in the disciplines of comparative theology and the theology of religions through what he terms, “intra-religious dialogue.” In this psychology of religious plurality, I use works from a variety of disciplines to highlight the achievements of Panikkar’s intra-religious dialogue, as well as to critique his work in the hope of finding categories of understanding that can be profitably used to face the inter-personal crises of the contemporary world, namely religious terrorism.     

雷蒙·潘尼卡宗教对话思想简论

“宗教对话之父”雷蒙·潘尼卡的宗教对话思想极其丰富。他基于“宗教对话必须是真正具有宗教性的对话”这一原则提出宗教对话的八条游戏规则;他对宗教对话的方法本身进行反思,提出“对话的对话”;他还根据他对宗教对话的思考,设想具体的对话过程,我们将之归纳为七个步骤。     

“以中土之汉文,展天房之奥义”——王岱舆关于宗教对话途径的尝试

明未清初,王岱舆出于"不使天下公理废而不传"的目的,在阐释伊斯兰宗教思想时,有意识地将伊斯兰教与中国传统的儒、释、道文化进行比较,辨析它们的同异,揭示二者之间某些范畴学说的相近性并加以融合,从而开启了"以中土之汉文,展天房之奥义"的先河,促进了伊斯兰教在中国的传播和发展,也使中国与阿拉伯国家的联系更加密切,促进了中阿和回汉文化交流,对当代宗教对话有重要启示意义。     

“动态的空”与历程哲学——宗教间创造性的相互转化的一个案例分析

本文首先分析了在耶佛对话的背景下,阿部正雄是如何向西方对话伙伴阐释佛教"空"的思想,并指出阿部诠释"空"的最大特色在于其"动态性"。接着,针对一些学者认为阿部的"空"观沿袭了中国传统佛教对"空"的阐释,本文提出了不同看法,认为阿部对"空"的诠释有其独创性。最后,通过分析怀特海的历程思想与阿部"空"的联系,指出阿部对"空"的创造性阐释受到了其宗教对话的启发,实践了"促进宗教间创造性的相互转化"的理念。     

The Council of Newton: A Pedagogical Exercise for Understanding Conceptual and Historical Difference with Respect to Intra‐Religious Notions of Divinity

In this essay, I examine the following pedagogical question: how can we unlock students' mistaken notions that religious “traditions” are monoliths, and instead help them to recognize, puzzle over, and appreciate the complex multiplicity and vibrant set of doctrinal and ritual conversations that characterize religious traditions? More specifically, how can we teach students to recognize these differences with respect to a religion's notions of god? And how can we do so even when students are particularly stuck on, invested in, or trained to see homogeneity? In answer to these questions, I present an exercise that I have used in my World Religions courses. This exercise – which I call the “Council of Newton” (named for the building in which I first taught it) – is particularly effective because it helps students uncover and wrestle with this diversity at two levels: conceptually and historically.     

多信仰对话与全球责任——保罗·尼特的宗教多元论思想及其当代意义

本文论述了当代著名天主教神学家保罗·尼特的宗教多元论思想及其当代意义.主要论述了四个方面:(1)多信仰对话是否可能?(2)解放神学、信仰间合作和全球负责;(3)宗教对话模式与评价;(4)跨宗教对话标准与合作基础.尼特倡导全球负责的多信仰间对话,尽管富有理想色彩,但他的神学思想关注人类和生态苦难,推动全球诸宗教的合作和对话,促进世界和平,具有人文和积极的意义.     

Religious Fundamentalism,Religious Coping,and Preference for Psychological and Religious Treatment

Religion may not be simply another variable in the assessment of treatment-seeking but an alternative worldview about the nature of suffering and its appropriate treatment. This study examines the relation of religious fundamentalism and religious coping on relative preference for psychological or religious help-seeking in 142 undergraduate students. Higher levels of religious fundamentalism and deferred religious coping were found to be associated with greater preference for religious rather than psychological help-seeking. The results suggest that religious issues need to be included in the investigation of help-seeking.     

梵二会议与宗教对话——兼论神学建设的学术视野

本文包括三部分内容:首先,回顾梵蒂冈第二届大公会议有关宗教对话的两份重要文献;其次,评介天主教思想家不断更新的宗教对话观念;最后,试论前两部分内容对于中国天主教神学建设的理论启发。作者的主要结论为:中国天主教神学的本土化建设理应伴随时代步伐、关注现实问题、具有中国特色。