佛教中国化实践与思考——以北京延庆区佛教为例

坚持宗教中国化是在以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,高举爱国爱教旗帜的前提下,我国宗教的发展方向。坚持宗教中国化是党的宗教政策在管理与落实中的具体体现。佛教中国化是坚持宗教中国化方向的一部分。佛教中国化是坚持以戒为师、以法为依、正信正行、清净庄严的佛教本色,是在适应时代进步的过程中全面加强和创新佛教自身建设,持续推动中国佛教现代转型,不断增强佛教界坚持中国化方向的理论自觉、思想自觉和行动自觉。佛教中国化是历史的必然,也是时代所趋。     

道教思想及民间信仰对佛教疑伪经的影响

道教对中国民众的影响至深且远,它对中国化过程中的佛教疑伪经同样有着重要的影响,部分佛教疑伪经中融摄了道教的思想内容,形成了中国佛教疑伪经经典.此外,有的疑伪经还吸收了一些民间信仰的思想,演变成不同于印度佛教的新的信仰内容,这些融合有中国道教、民间信仰的疑伪经经典为佛教在中国的进一步发展提供了便利条件.     

民间佛教基本结构解析

20世纪80年代以来,与“民间佛教”具有相似含义的“民众佛教”、“民俗佛教”、“世俗佛教”、“庶民佛教”、“信仰型佛教”、“香火型佛教”等研究取得了一定的成果,但其论述的重点主要在于敦煌世俗佛教和明清的民间秘密宗教,研究方法局限于文献学和田野调查两种。因而,很难窥探民间佛教的基本体系。现在应用唐宋笔记小说、石刻碑文、方志、敦煌文献等资料的基础上,厘清唐宋民间佛教的基本结构,以此进一步认识民间佛教的基本特性及其在佛教史中的地位。     

藏传佛教中多面多臂的观音菩萨图像研究

观音菩萨属于佛教中最富盛名的菩萨,因为有普度众生的慈悲心而被广大信众尊崇。从唐代开始,汉地民间信仰中出现观世音菩萨四臂观音、六臂观音这种化身,而观音菩萨的化相在藏传佛教中更加丰富多姿。藏传佛教中的菩萨造型相对于汉地更加复杂、繁多,这源自民族信仰的区别。藏传佛像中的所有形象都是一种象征,一种民族信仰的体现。在中国佛教的两大系统,即汉传佛教与藏传佛教信仰中,观音菩萨都是一个重要的佛教尊神。随着佛教信仰的民间化,     

晚唐五代宋初敦煌佛教信仰特点初探

晚唐五代宋初归义军统治时期,敦煌佛教空前兴盛并日益世俗化,民间佛教信仰成为敦煌佛教的主流,广泛地影响着民众日常生活。本文利用敦煌文献和石窟艺术资料,通过对敦煌民众佛教功德活动的分析,指出在佛教中国本土化、社会化、民间化的大环境下,敦煌佛教信仰具有广泛的普遍性和兼容性,且带有鲜明的实用性和功利性特点。     

略论高句丽的佛教及其影响

在其传入之初,佛教就得到高句丽政权的庇护而平稳发展,后经民众的崇信和知识精英的义解而大为兴盛。对于高句丽来说,佛教不仅仅具有文化上的、宗教上的、信仰上的意义,同时也具有政治上的、外交上的、军事上的意义。     

从佛经翻译审视佛教的中国化历程 以《药师经》为例北大核心

在我国的外来宗教中,佛教是完成中国化较为彻底、成功的范例之一。佛教中国化在形式上表现为佛教经典的翻译与研习读诵、经典和教义的判释与圆教义理的阐发、佛教宗派和山门祖谱的确立等;在实质内容上则表现为佛教义理的心性化、佛教信仰的大众化、普遍化。本文中笔者将以《药师经》的翻译为视角,以探析佛经在翻译过程中佛教中国化的历程。     

佛教伦理及其中国化发展

印度佛教在其创立之初即有着人本化的意蕴,而大乘佛教普度众生的菩萨人格则彰显了佛教的伦理特色。佛教传入中国,与中国本土伦理相冲突、调适、融合,则真正实现了佛教伦理的大发展。佛教伦理中国化或者是彰显佛教原有的伦理文化因素,或者是与中土伦理相融合,作为其结果,中国佛教伦理形成了自身的基本理念和行为规范,它不仅在佛教徒中有重要规范作用,而且对中国伦理文化亦产生了广泛的影响。     

基层佛教的现状、问题及现代转型:绵阳市个案研究

对绵阳市基层佛教的调研发现,基层佛教的现状及存在的主要问题主要是寺庙引导力薄弱,僧尼老龄化、低素质化,部分寺庙活动停滞于忏焰经济驱动下的仪式化,僵滞于农耕社会的民俗信仰型态,由此导致"非寺院化"佛教渐成强大潜流,即脱离合法寺院引导的城市"精英佛教"和乡村小庙、念佛堂所摄"民俗佛教"信众已占佛教信众半数以上。疗此痼疾,标本兼治之方惟在痛下决心推动佛教向文化型、法治型、公益慈善型的现代转型,当前应着重建设市、县、乡镇三级上下呼应、师资互动、资源共享的教育、培训网络体系。应采取"疏堵结合、打防并重、以大领小、扶正祛邪"的方略应对乡村小庙、民俗信仰及邪教问题。     

四大名山信仰佛教中国化的智慧结晶

一在中国佛教史研究中,佛教中国化是一个常问常新的核心课题。如果说宋以前的佛教中国化突出表现为"格义佛教""学派佛教""宗派佛教"等"学理佛教"的话,宋以后则以"民俗佛教"为主,其中最为重要的表现之一,就是建立在四大菩萨信仰基础上的四大名山信仰。     

Omnipotence in the transference and in the countertransference

The concept of omnipotence refers to a primitive fantasy, a mechanism of defense, and a pathological psychic structure. Omnipotence and its derivative defensive operation, omnipotent control, are highly prevalent in borderline personality organization. Three clinical vignettes illustrate these mechanisms in the treatment of patients with borderline, narcissistic, and obsessive personality disorders, respectively. These vignettes illustrate the transference developments when omnipotence and omnipotence control are dominant, and the therapeutic approach to these conditions.     

Information in the Universe and in the Organism

There is a branch of modern medicine that relies on information rather than on biochemical substances to maintain health and cure disease. Known as information medicine, it offers an important complement to the dominant biochemical approach of mainstream medicine. This note offers a few reflections on the potentials of information medicine in reference to what is currently known regarding the role of information in the universe, and in the living organism.     

The patient in the family and the family in the patient

The notion that the family is “the unit of care” for family doctors has been enigmatic and controversial. Yet systems theory and the biopsychosocial model that results when it is imported into medicine make the family system an indispensable and important component of family medicine. The challenge, therefore, is to provide a coherent, plausible account of the role of the family in family practice. Through an extended case presentation and commentary, we elaborate two views of the family in family medicine — treating the patient in the family and treating the family in the patient — and defend both as appropriate foci for care by family doctors. The practical problem that arises when the family is introduced into health care is deciding when to concentrate on the family system. The moral problems that arise concern how extensively doctors may become involved in the personal lives of their patients and families. The patient-centered clinical method provides a strategy for handling both problems. Thus, making the family a focus of care in family medicine can be justified on theoretical, practical, and moral grounds.     

经济全球化与东西方宗教

本文认为,由于科技的高度发展,信息网络技术的普及,经济全球化已成为不可逆转的发展趋势;而经济全球化必然带来东西方宗教的种种变化。作者从传统宗教的复兴、民族宗教的冲突、宗教与政治的结缘。宗教的普世化与本色化、新兴宗教的异军突起及东西方宗教的交流与融合等６个方面分析了当前东西方宗教的这种发展趋势。     

Spontaneity and Self-Consciousness in the Groundwork and the B-Critique

ABSTRACT

According to some influential readings of the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, the view presented there of the kind of spontaneity we are conscious of through theoretical reason and the significance of such self-consciousness is irremediably at odds with the Critical theory, and thus roundly and rightly rejected in the second edition of the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason. This paper argues, on the contrary, that the Groundwork can be read as articulating for the first time the account of self-consciousness and spontaneity that Kant goes on to develop in the B-Critique, especially the B-Transcendental Deduction.     

Muslims and the media in the blogosphere

In the past two decades a virtual Ummah has evolved in cyberspace. While some of these websites are targeted specifically at Muslims, others attempt to provide outreach on Islam or counter Islamophobic bias. As noted by Jon Anderson, in his pioneering work on Islam in cyberspace, Muslims were among the first engineering students to create websites at the dawn of the Internet, before mainstream Islamic organizations posted official websites. There is a wealth of material by Muslims in English and Western languages, some of it archived for research. This article explores the methodological problems posed in studying the range of Islam-content blogs, from private individuals to religious scholars, as well as Muslim websites that feature comments from readers. The focus of the paper is an analysis of blogs about Islam or by Muslims that either act as watchdogs on the media or try to provide alternative views to the mainstream media of competing Muslim groups. Researching these blogs as a form of e-ethnography calls for a rethinking and refining of anthropological methodology as e-ethnography.     

Pavlov and the Pavlovians in the laboratory

The general character of the Pavlovians and their role in the experimental investigation of conditioned reflexes is discussed. From 1897 to 1936, Ivan P. Pavlov had at least 146 co-workers and he was closely involved in their experimental work. The social background, nationality, and gender of the Pavlovians are described together with the daily routine in the laboratories. It is pointed out that, despite Pavlov's authoritarian style, the Pavlovians characterized him as the epitome of a scholar and an admirable human being. It is concluded that the work in the laboratories was truly a cooperative effort between Pavlov and his co-workers.