共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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成瘾相关记忆长期性的脑机制一直是药物成瘾研究领域的难点与热点,该文简要介绍了成瘾记忆长期性分子机制的研究脉络,提示表观遗传学修饰可能是研究药物成瘾的新视角。成瘾药物可以调节染色体不同亚型组蛋白乙酰化水平,不同基因DNA的甲基化程度从而改变染色体的空间结构,进而调节基因的表达导致成瘾,特别是DNA甲基化改变的相对的稳定性可能是成瘾记忆长期存在的分子基础。记忆再巩固过程中学习记忆相关脑区的记忆促进基因与记忆抑制基因的表观遗传学改变可能是未来研究的新趋势 相似文献
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创伤后应激障碍是一种具有复杂病因学的精神疾病,多发生于个体受到重大创伤事件后。创伤后应激障碍的发生发展过程受到环境和遗传易感性的共同作用,存在着较大的个体差异;而表观遗传学作为一门研究多变环境因素调控基因表达的可遗传变化的学科,近年来在创伤后应激障碍的研究中受到越来越多的重视。表观遗传机制之一——组蛋白修饰机制在创伤后应激障碍的发生中起着重要作用,并且由于组蛋白修饰可以受到多种酶的调控,其灵活的可逆化和精细调控为相应的药物研发提供了可能性和便利。因此,深入探讨创伤后应激障碍的组蛋白修饰机制,对于相关疾病的临床治疗及药物研发具有十分重要的意义。当前创伤后应激障碍的组蛋白修饰研究主要使用动物模型,临床研究较少;组蛋白的类型则主要关注组蛋白H3和H4乙酰化;此外,同以往的研究结果一致,组蛋白修饰水平的变化主要发生在前额叶、海马体和杏仁核区域,参与免疫系统、血清素系统和神经肽Y能系统等相关通路的调节。当前PTSD组蛋白修饰的研究结果间还存在较大的异质性,未来的研究应采用更加一致和实用的分析和报道方法,以最大限度地发挥研究的影响。 相似文献
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缰核是哺乳动物神经系统中连接前脑和中脑的重要节点,这一古老的核团因其与抑郁症的密切联系,近来获得国内外研究者的关注.缰核接受来自边缘系统、基底神经节等的传入信号,向下投射到中脑5-羟色胺系统和多巴胺系统.在应激条件下缰核免疫活动增强,向下游的投射信号增强,以此调节单胺类递质释放,参与抑郁症的发病机制,并且参与抗抑郁治疗的起效途径.这些证据提示缰核在抑郁症中具有重要作用,将成为研究和治疗的新途径.未来研究应从缰核与上下游核团的神经联系、与丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的相互影响、以及与免疫激活的交互作用等方面进一步探索,为研究抑郁症病理机制和治疗方法提供线索. 相似文献
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既往研究已证实早期经历与个体成年后的行为密切相关,然而早期经历对个体成年后的行为产生长期影响的分子生物机制并不清楚。近年来越来越多的研究表明表观遗传因素在早期经历调控成年个体行为中发挥了重要功能。表观遗传是研究没有DNA序列变化,但是可遗传和可逆转的基因组功能的调控。本文试图从早期经历参与调控个体成年后行为表现以及基因表达的相关表观遗传学修饰进行综述。 相似文献
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孕前成瘾药物暴露不仅危害使用者的身体健康,而且会对子代的生理行为造成影响,近年来研究发现表观遗传机制在其中发挥重要作用。孕前成瘾药物暴露会对子代的成瘾易感性和焦虑样行为造成影响,引起子代的抑郁样行为和认知受损。这些现象可能是成瘾药物通过引起亲代生殖细胞内表观遗传修饰变化所致,其中包括印记基因、神经递质系统、BDNF三个方面的表观遗传修饰变化。此外,未来除了加强以上三个方面基因的研究,也需要增加其他方面基因的研究,以及寻找能预测子代异常行为的表观遗传生物标志物。 相似文献
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高尔夫球“击落”战斗机的故事发生在1988年。当时在贝宁共和国首都波多若夫的空军机场对面有一个高尔夫球场。一天,高尔夫球场临时工马蒂厄·博尹正在球场上练习打高尔夫球。几乎与此同时,对面机场的跑道上,空军机械师龙宁·艾拉德伊驾驶一架战斗机拔地而起。马蒂厄·博尹“啪”地一棒把高尔夫球击向天空,谁知这只高尔夫球竟击中了一只飞行中的麻雀。这只被击中的麻雀落下来时正好撞在了刚刚起飞的战斗机的挡风玻璃上。龙宁·艾拉德伊看到这突然飞来的“天外来客”大吃一惊。慌乱之中,他将这只被高尔夫球击落的死麻雀当成了“炮弹”或… 相似文献
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“遗传与环境”的争论一直是创造力研究的核心问题, 但目前对于环境以及遗传与环境交互作用对创造力影响的分子生物机制还未有研究涉及。近年来, 随着表观遗传学的兴起, 揭示影响心理行为的表观遗传机制现已成为心理学研究的热点。作为环境与基因组之间的纽带, 表观遗传学研究为揭示环境以及遗传与环境交互作用对创造力影响的分子生物机制提供了机遇。本研究以多巴胺相关基因、家庭环境以及两者对于创造力的交互作用为切入点, 对影响创造力的表观遗传机制进行考察, 并在此基础之上, 对环境以及遗传与环境交互作用对创造力影响的分子生物机制进行探索。具体研究内容包括:(1)通过对多巴胺相关基因甲基化模式与创造力关系的系统考察, 筛选出甲基化模式与创造力有关的基因; (2)对筛选出的基因, 进一步考察其甲基化模式在家庭环境及其遗传多态性与家庭环境交互作用对创造力影响中的中介作用。本研究有助于揭示创造力的表观遗传机制, 深化关于遗传与环境对创造力影响的作用机制的理解。 相似文献
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通过分析锌指蛋白331 (ZNF331)在结直肠癌中的甲基化及表达情况,探讨ZNF331基因的甲基化与结直肠癌的关系,为结直肠癌的早期诊断和治疗提供新的靶点.采用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)检测7株结直肠癌细胞系和66例结直肠癌组织标本中ZNF331基因启动子区的甲基化情况.结果7株结直肠癌细胞系中LOVO、RKO、DLD1和HCT116启动子区完全甲基化,SW620和HT29呈部分甲基化,SW480为非甲基化.LOVO、RKO、DLD1、HCT116细胞系中ZNF331mRNA不表达,经5-Aza处理后恢复表达.在SW480、SW620、HT29细胞系中,5-Aza处理前后均表达,处理后表达量增加.在66例结直肠癌组织中,ZNF331启动子区甲基化率为72.7%(48/66),而正常结直肠组织中无甲基化(0/7). 相似文献
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药物成瘾会导致相关神经环路的结构和功能长期改变.大量新的研究证据表明,在DNA序列不变的情况下,药物成瘾可通过影响不同亚型DNA甲基转移酶(DNMTs)的表达,使脑内多个相关核团发生DNA甲基化以及基因表达的改变,进而导致神经元功能的可塑性变化.因此,DNA甲基化被视作导致成瘾行为长期存在的可能机制之一.结合近几年来的重要发现,本文将重点讨论相关脑区的DNA甲基化在成瘾行为发生发展过程中的作用,以及成瘾药物影响DNA甲基化水平的可能机制,并试图提出可深入的研究展望. 相似文献
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Gender Differences in Depression 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Susan Nolen-Hoeksema 《Current directions in psychological science》2001,10(5):173-176
From early adolescence through adulthood, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. Many different explanations for this gender difference in depression have been offered, but none seems to fully explain it. Recent research has focused on gender differences in stress responses, and in exposure to certain stressors. I review this research and describe how gender differences in stress experiences and stress reactivity may interact to create women's greater vulnerability to depression. 相似文献
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《The Journal of social psychology》2012,152(4):511-526
Abstract A sample of 157 Korean immigrants responded to measures of acculturation level, stress from acculturation, and depressive symptoms. The authors hypothesized that adaptive acculturation would depend on assimilation regarding social interactions and the host culture's language as well as on retention of a core identity, including values and traditions of the culture of origin. Consistent with the mediation hypothesis, acculturation, based on a factor representing language use and social relationships, was related to lower acculturative stress and, in turn, lower depression. However, there was no direct support for the integrative, or bicultural, strategy of acculturation. Stress did not mediate the effect of a 2nd acculturation factor, identity and tradition-based acculturation. Rather, this measure of acculturation was directly related to higher depression (i.e., immigrants reporting abandonment of Korean identity, traditions, and values scored higher for depression). 相似文献
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Valerie L. Habif Benjamin B. Lahey 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1980,2(3):167-173
Two hundred and fifty-two undergraduates completed a modified version of the Life Experience Survey (LES), the Beck Depression Inventory (Revised), and a measure of social support. Correlations between negative and total life changes on the LES and the Beck were significant for individuals with high social support (r=.36 and .29), but these correlations were significantly higher for individuals with low social support (r=.67 and .66). In addition, positive LES scores were significantly correlated with the Beck for individuals with low social support (r=.37), and individuals with low social support had higher mean scores on the Beck,F(1,250)=20.72,p<.0001. These findings were interpreted as supporting the theory of Holmes and Rahe and Sarason and Johnson that aversive life changes are related to depression, and provide evidence for the view the positive life changes can also be stressful. These data also support the concept of individual differences in vulnerability to stress and the role of social support in this vulnerability. The use of social support as a moderator variable appears to enhance correlations between the LES and depression to the level of clinical utility. 相似文献
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In this study, we developed a cognitive bias modification procedure that targets inferential style, and tested its effect on hope, mood, and self-esteem. Participants were randomly assigned to training conditions intended to encourage either a negative or a positive inferential style. Participants’ inferences for their failure on a cognitive challenge were congruent with their training condition. Moreover, compared to participants in the positive training condition, those in the negative condition reported less hope and exhibited lower mood and self-esteem following the failure. Finally, the training affected mood and self-esteem indirectly via its effect on participants’ inferences for their failure. These findings provide support for the causal role of inferential style in depressed affect. 相似文献
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Yuji Kuroda 《The Journal of psychology》2016,150(3):358-370
Previous studies have indicated that objective stress—negative events that have actually occurred outside of individuals—is involved in processes of dysfunctional attitudes leading to depression. Subjective stress—individuals' perception of negative events that have not actually occurred outside of them—is also predicted to be involved in these processes. However, few studies have empirically investigated this prediction. The primary purpose of this study was to fill this gap by testing the hypothesis that dysfunctional attitudes lead to depression by generating subjective stress. A longitudinal design was employed and initial depression was controlled. The results supported the hypothesis. It was also found that initial depression fostered subsequent depression by generating subjective stress. This study contributes to the literature on depression mechanisms by elucidating that subjective stress plays an important role in the development and exacerbation of depression. This study also has important clinical implications as it suggests that preventing subjective stress in individuals with dysfunctional attitudes or depression helps to protect the development or exacerbation of their depression. 相似文献