循证医学与临床诊断学教育改革

探讨在临床诊断学教育中,导入循证医学的理念和方法,改变传统的经验医学教育模式,实现教学相长.以期提高医学生的理论知识水平和临床技能,提高临床实践能力,培养具有临床循证思维和创新思维的新一代医学人才.     

用循证医学证据丰富经验医学内涵——谈临床医生如何面对医学实践模式改变

从具体病例分析入手谈临床医生实践循证医学既需要思维模式转变、又要求掌握实际应用方法,即要敢于分析循证医学证据的实用性、又要善于用循证医学证据丰富经验医学内涵。新医学模式的普及将是临床医生群体认识史上一次具有深度和广度的飞跃。     

用循证医学证据丰富经验医学内涵--谈临床医生如何面对医学实践模式改变

从具体病例分析入手谈临床医生实践循证医学既需要思维模式转变、又要求掌握实际应用方法,即要敢于分析循证医学证据的实用性、又要善于用循证医学证据丰富经验医学内涵.新医学模式的普及将是临床医生群体认识史上一次具有深度和广度的飞跃.     

正确理解和应用循证医学的思维方法

循证医学(Evidence-based Medicine,EBM)是遵循证据的医学,经验医学的特点则是凭个人经验或上级高年资医生的指导、教科书与医学刊物上零星的研究报告为依据来处理病人.为提高临床疗效,必须克服经验医学中存在的问题,科学地应用循证医学的思维方法来指导医学实践.     

循证医学发展中的辩证思维观

介绍循证医学的起源、概念、研究方法及其对现代临床医学的指导意义.对如何从辩证法的角度看待循证医学的发展与传统的经验医学、医学基本训练、创造性思维和人文素质的提高之间的关系进行了阐述.     

循证医学在神经外科临床决策中的应用

在神经外科复杂的诊治实践中,需要循证医学的方法不断提高临床决策水平。本文从神经外科的角度对循证医学在临床决策中的应用进行了分析和探讨。     

辽宁省临床医师认知和使用循证医学情况调查

为了解临床医师使用循证医学(Evidence-Based Medicine)的知晓度,获得基线资料,为卫生部门提供决策依据,课题组对辽宁省三级甲等医院的243名临床医师采用问卷调查。结果显示,临床医师受经验医学的束缚,未能将循证医学运用到医疗实践当中。为提高我国临床医学水平,在临床医师中推广循证医学非常必要。     

GATA4在心肌肥厚中的作用

循证医学的诞生改变了几千年沿袭的医学实践模式。医学工作者通过应用循证医学的思路和方法指导医学研究和临床实践工作,进一步促进了临床决策的科学性,从而提高了医疗质量。随着循证医学的发展,其外延和内涵不断延伸。鉴于其在临床医学等领域的成功,卫生管理学者开始将循证医学的思想和方法应用于公共卫生决策和医院管理,即在卫生管理领域进行循证实践,改善公共卫生决策和医院管理水平,提高卫生资源利用效率和分配的公平性。     

辽宁省临床医师认知和使用循证医学情况调查

为了解临床医师使用循证医学(Evidence-Based Medicine)的知晓度,获得基线资料,为卫生部门提供决策依据,课题组对辽宁省三级甲等医院的243名临床医师采用问卷调查.结果显示,临床医师受经验医学的束缚,未能将循证医学运用到医疗实践当中.为提高我国临床医学水平,在临床医师中推广循证医学非常必要.     

论循证医学的兴起及其思维模式与方法

循证医学是 2 0世纪 90年代才引入临床医学领域的新概念 ,近 10年来已发展成为一种临床医学实践的新模式和医疗决策的新思维 ,成为国际临床学界倡导的学科发展方向 ,成为世界医学领域关注的热点。循证医学的迅速兴起 ,必将使临床思维模式、临床研究和临床实践发生深刻的变革。1　循证医学的兴起循证医学即“以证据为基础的医学”。 1992年 ,作为“一种临床实践新范式 (ｐａｒａｄｉｇｍ)”出现在世界医学领域。国际著名临床流行病学家达维德·萨克特 (ＤａｖｉｄＬ·Ｓａｃｋｅｔｔ)将其定义为“慎重、准确和明智地应用所能获得的最好的研究…     

Recognizing Racit Knowledge in Medical Epistemology

The evidence-based medicine movement advocates basing all medical decisions on certain types of quantitative research data and has stimulated protracted controversy and debate since its inception. Evidence-based medicine presupposes an inaccurate and deficient view of medical knowledge. Michael Polanyi’s theory of tacit knowledge both explains this deficiency and suggests remedies for it. Polanyi shows how all explicit human knowledge depends on a wealth of tacit knowledge which accrues from experience and is essential for problem solving. Edmund Pellegrino’s classic treatment of clinical judgment is examined, and a Polanyian critique of this position demonstrates that tacit knowledge is necessary for understanding how clinical judgment and medical decisions involve persons. An adequate medical epistemology requires much more qualitative research relevant to the clinical encounter and medical decision making than is currently being done. This research is necessary for preventing an uncritical application of evidence-based medicine by health care managers that erodes good clinical practice. Polanyi’s epistemology shows the need for this work and provides the structural core for building an adequate and robust medical epistemology that moves beyond evidence-based medicine.An erratum to this article can be found at     

法医学鉴定循证实践的局限性及其对策

循证法医学实践尚处于起步阶段,存在循证意识薄弱、循证素养有待提高、证据资源匮乏、专业信息共享平台缺乏等局限性.要用发展的眼光看待循证法医学,知其优劣,寻找对策,将其理论辩证地应用于法医学实践中.     

临床决策:医学哲学研究的一个重要领域

临床决策研究已成为临床医学中的一个重要领域.当下的临床决策问题涉及到医学信息学、循证医学、费用-效益评估、卫生技术评估、医学伦理与法律等学科领域.因此在临床决策中单一的经验-描述的研究纲领已不适应当代医学发展的需要,需要引入综合的决策方法.临床决策问题也为医学哲学研究提供了一个极佳的思想实验场所.临床决策的多维度研究,对于打通学科之间的壁垒,架构科学与人文之间的桥梁,更深刻地理解和把握医疗保健的整体性,使临床医疗达到最佳疗效具有重要意义.     

循证医学与喉癌治疗的临床决策

循证医学(Evidence-based medicine,EBM)的飞速发展正逐渐渗透到基础医学和临床医学的各个领域。目前喉癌治疗的临床决策还存在很多不规范和不合理的问题。这要求用循证医学的原则来指导和规范喉癌治疗的临床决策,以期能在目前条件下提高病人的治疗效果、降低医疗费用及提高生活质量。     

Response: Clinical wisdom and evidence-based medicine are complementary

A long-debated question in the philosophy of health, and contingent disciplines, is the extent to which wise clinical practice ("clinical wisdom") is, or could be, compatible with empirically validated medicine ("evidence-based medicine"--EBM). Here we respond to Baum-Baicker and Sisti, who not only suggest that these two types of knowledge are divided due to their differing sources, but also that EBM can sometimes even hurt wise clinical practice. We argue that the distinction between EBM and clinical wisdom is poorly defined, unsupported by the methodology employed, and ultimately incorrect; crucial differences exist, we argue, not in the source of a particular piece of clinical knowledge, but in its dependability. In light of this subtle but fundamental revision, we explain how clinical wisdom and EBM are--by necessity--complementary, rather than in conflict. We elaborate on how recognizing this relationship can have far-reaching implications for the domains of clinical practice, medical education, and health policy.     

医学方法的演进与循证医学

医学方法是医学理论发展的显著标志。随着医学方法由自然观察、科学实验到循证医学的依次演进,医学也由古代医学、近代实验医学日益提升为现代循证医学。客观、辩证地认识医学方法的演变过程,对于更好地掌握和应用先进的循证医学法,促进人类医学事业的发展具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。     

循证医学与医学教育改革

循证医学这一新的医疗模式反映了世界医学的发展趋势,代表了现代医学的前进方向。医学教育必须应这一趋势,按照循证医学的基本精神促进观念更新,推进医疗模式、教学内容、教学方法和继续教育等方面的改革,全面提高医学教育质量。     

循证医学与临床实践

循证医学是９０ 年代诞生的新兴医学科学。其要点是将临床医学领域的研究结果进行系统、全面的综合评价,为临床医疗实践、科研、卫生决策和医学教育提供可靠的科学证据。在发达国家的运用表明它已经对临床实践产生了重大而深远的影响,并将继续在临床医学领域发挥重要的作用。     

Striving to do Good Things: Teaching Humanities in Canadian Medical Schools

We provide the results of a systematic key-informant review of medical humanities curricula at fourteen of Canada's seventeen medical schools. This survey was the first of its kind. We found a wide diversity of views among medical educators as to what constitutes the medical humanities, and a lack of consensus on how best to train medical students in the field. In fact, it is not clear that consensus has been attempted - or is even desirable - given that Canadian medical humanities programs are largely shaped by individual educators' interests, experience and passions. This anarchic approach to teaching the medical humanities contrasts sharply with teaching in the clinical sciences where national accreditation processes attempt to ensure that doctors graduating from different schools have roughly the same knowledge (or at least have passed the same exams). We argue that medical humanities are marginalized in Canadian curricula because they are considered to be at odds philosophically with the current dominant culture of evidence-based medicine (EBM). In such a culture where adhering to a consensual standard is a measure of worth, the medical humanities - which defy easy metrical appraisal - are vulnerable. We close with a plea for medical education to become more comfortable in the borderlands between EBM and humanities approaches.