中国心理学会第五届全国学术会议

本文介绍了中国心理学会第五届全国学术会议的情况。包括四个内容:(1)一般情况,(2)分组学术活动,(3)选举事宜及有关委员会的调整,(4)大会总结。     

中国心理学会召开第五届理事会第一次全体会议

本文介绍了中国心理学会第五届理事会第一次全体会议的情况,包括四个部分内容:(1)第四届理事会工作报告;(2)选举常务理事会及有关专业委员会及工作委员会的调整;(3)通过新会章;(4)讨论及制定第五届理事会工作方针和计划。     

WOMEN AND THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

Women have been active in the American Psychological Association (APA) almost from the beginning. In general, however, they did not attain high-level office, editorships, and significant committee posts at the same level as their male counterparts. During one 51-year period, for example, no women were elected to the APA presidency. Despite protests, little changed. Finally, in the 1970s, the climate in the APA shifted. The Committee on Women in Psychology was formed, as was the APA Division of the Psychology of Women. From then on, women's issues have remained an important concern of the association.     

中国心理举会七十年发展史略

本文扼要总结了中国心理学会70年发展历史,它论述了中国心理学会过去及现在的情况及活动,同时指出应加强注意的问题。     

中国心理学会召开第六届理事会第一次全体会议及第一次常务理事会

该文主要介绍中国心理学会第六届理事会第一次全体会议及第一次常务理事会的情况,包括：（１）第五届理事会的工作报告;（２）常务理事会的选举;（３）有关专业委员会、工作委员会的调整和增设;（４）讨论及制定第六届理事会的工作方针和计划。     

THE INFLUENCE OF SEX-ROLE IDENTITY AND OCCUPATIONAL ATTAINMENT ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF ASIAN AMERICAN WOMEN

This study examined the extent to which sex-role identity as defined by Bem's typology is related to occupational attainment, self–esteem, and work satisfaction for 161 employed Asian American women. Three major hypotheses were tested: (a) Masculine and androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of occupational attainment than those with feminine and undifferentiated sex-role identity; (b) androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity; and (c) the higher the level of occupational attainment secured by Asian American women, the greater their work satisfaction and the higher their self-esteem. As predicted, sex-role identity was significantly related to occupational attainment. Androgynous Asian American women and those with a high level of occupational attainment had a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity. The implications of these findings for Bem's formulation of androgyny, its relation to occupational achievement, and its consequences for psychological health and work outcomes are discussed.     

雇员主动离职心理动因模型评述

在介绍雇员离职研究背景和意义的基础上,重点对1980年后雇员主动离职研究中4个有代表性的心理动因模型──Steers 和Mowday(1981)模型、Sheridan(1983)模型、Lee和Mitchell(1994)模型以及Price(2000)模型进行了细致的评述,并对主动离职心理动因模型的发展方向提出了一些看法。     

国外本土心理学研究进展

首先指出本土心理学产生的思想基础是后现代主义思潮和多元文化的理念,其直接的推动力是来自于心理学内部对严格的行为主义的局限的批判和对具有文化契合性的心理学的倡导以及心理学应用方面的需要;其次,阐明了本土心理学与心理学本土化涵义上的区别和本土心理学4种主要研究模式;最后,对本土心理学的积极作用和存在的问题进行了评述。.     

THREE TYPES OF FAMILY STRUCTURE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION: A STUDY AMONG THE JAUNSAR-BAWAR SOCIETY*

The study examines the influence of family structure and family experiences on psychological differentiation in children. Three types of families, viz., monogamous, polyandrous and polygynandrous were selected from the polyandrous society of Jaunsar-Bawar in the Cis-Himalayan region of India. 175 boys and girls of age groups 7-9 and 13-15 years, belonging to the three types of families, were administered the Story-Pictorial EFT, Indo-African EFT and BD tests. Family experiences of the child were assessed through ratings and interview. A 2×3×2 ANOVA performed on differentiation scores revealed significant age and sex effects. Family effect was not statistically significant. But the data suggested a strong trend in the expected direction. The findings have been discussed in terms of the characteristic family patterns of Jaunsar-Bawar and acculturation factors.     

心理模糊性的测量

本文初步得到如下三点结果:1.表征了人类心理概念化具有模糊集(Fuzzy Sets)特征。2.经验地评论了L.A.Zadeh的模糊语义定量的某些算子或运算规则。3.利用模糊熵的概念测量了人类的某些推论过程中的智力差异。     

责任、情感及帮助行为的归因结构模型

责任归因研究将归因理论应用于对他人行为的责任分析之中,为行为责任的推断提供了一个崭新的视角。该研究通过一个真实具有较大社会反响的案例探讨责任归因与帮助行为之间的内在联系。238名管理者和被管理者参与了此项研究,并通过EQS建立了有关归因的控制性、情感反应、期望改变、责任推断以及帮助行为之间关系的结构方程模型。结果提示：责任推断与情感反应具有双向关系,符合心理学中“知”和“情”相互作用的观点;员工与管理者相比更倾向于认为行为者失败的原因是外在的、不可控的并且应承担较低的责任     

ANTIVOLUNTARISM AND THE BIRTH OF AUTONOMY

Traditionalist and radical orthodox critiques of the Enlightenment assert that the modern discourse on moral self‐government constitutes a radical break with the theocentric model of morality which preceded it. Against this view, this paper argues that the conceptions of autonomy emerged from the effort to reconcile commitments within the Christian tradition. Through an analysis of the moral thought of the Cambridge Platonist Ralph Cudworth, this paper contends that distinctively Christian theological concerns concerning moral accountability to God and the character of divine‐human moral relationships produced a theory of moral autonomy which anticipates that of Kant. This paper highlights the role of anti‐voluntarism in the creation of this moral standpoint, and argues that the resultant moral view is an “internalization” of the voluntarist model of sovereignty.     

THE BIRTH OF PSYCHOANALYSIS FROM THE SPIRIT OF TECHNIQUE1

The author aims to demonstrate, through a textual analysis of Freud's work, how the creation of psychoanalysis as a plausible set of understandings of the human mind has a methodological origin that has sometimes been overlooked: in the Greek concept of techne. Freud, an acknowledged pupil of Brentano, was well versed in Aristotelian rhetoric, and selected this instrument of investigation, dependent on language, from the outset of his efforts to describe, understand and treat the world of the unconscious mind. Working in the tradition of techne Freud actually rehabilitated ‘guessing’ (zu erraten) ‐ although it became a largely overlooked concept in Freud's work ‐ and so sought to place conjectural reason as the definitive form of knowledge for the investigation and treatment of the mind. This explains why the 1895 ‘Project’ could not succeed and why technique became irreplaceable as the via regia in ‘The Interpretation of Dreams’. Its model is founded in Aristotelian rhetoric, whose conception of language was first rediscovered by Nietzsche and was used therapeutically by Freud. Freud's view is apparent in his 1923 definition of psychoanalysis which is compared to the current IPA definition, a definition which, the author suggests, gives a misleading prominence to ‘theory’ and which shows how far a questionable rationality has removed conjectural reason from the field, to its detriment. From this point of view it is argued that the ‘precious conjunction’ (Freud) between investigation and treatment has been abandoned, and the concept of historical truth and its significance for psychoanalysis obscured.