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1.
Bernhard Hommel 《Cognitive processing》2005,6(1):3-14
Perceptual processes play a central role in the planning and control of human voluntary action. Indeed, planning an action is a sensorimotor process operating on sensorimotor units, a process that is based on anticipations of perceptual action effects. I discuss how the underlying sensorimotor units emerge, and how they can be employed to tailor action plans to the goals at hand. I also discuss how even a single action can induce sensorimotor binding, how intentionally implemented short-term associations between stimuli and responses become autonomous, how feature overlap between stimulus events and actions makes them compatible, and why action plans are necessarily incomplete.
相似文献
Bernhard HommelEmail: |
2.
Thinking as the control of imagination: a conceptual framework for goal-directed systems 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper offers a conceptual framework which (re)integrates goal-directed control, motivational processes, and executive
functions, and suggests a developmental pathway from situated action to higher level cognition. We first illustrate a basic
computational (control-theoretic) model of goal-directed action that makes use of internal modeling. We then show that by adding the problem of selection among multiple action alternatives motivation enters the scene, and
that the basic mechanisms of executive functions such as inhibition, the monitoring of progresses, and working memory, are
required for this system to work. Further, we elaborate on the idea that the off-line re-enactment of anticipatory mechanisms
used for action control gives rise to (embodied) mental simulations, and propose that thinking consists essentially in controlling
mental simulations rather than directly controlling behavior and perceptions. We conclude by sketching an evolutionary perspective
of this process, proposing that anticipation leveraged cognition, and by highlighting specific predictions of our model.
相似文献
Cristiano CastelfranchiEmail: |
3.
Phenomenology of the body and the third generation of cognitive science, both of which attribute a central role in human cognition
to the body rather than to the Cartesian notion of representation, face the criticism that higher-level cognition cannot be
fully grasped by those studies. The problem here is how explicit representations, consciousness, and thoughts issue from perception
and the body, and how they cooperate in human cognition. In order to address this problem, we propose a research program,
a cognitive phenomenology of the body, which is basically motivated by the perspective of Merleau-Ponty. We find a substantial clue in developmental psychological
studies on the body and language.
相似文献
Shoji Nagataki (Corresponding author)Email: |
Satoru HiroseEmail: |
4.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
5.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
6.
Enactive appraisal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Giovanna Colombetti 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2007,6(4):527-546
Emotion theorists tend to separate “arousal” and other bodily events such as “actions” from the evaluative component of emotion
known as “appraisal.” This separation, I argue, implies phenomenologically implausible accounts of emotion elicitation and
personhood. As an alternative, I attempt a reconceptualization of the notion of appraisal within the so-called “enactive approach.”
I argue that appraisal is constituted by arousal and action, and I show how this view relates to an embodied and affective
notion of personhood.
相似文献
Giovanna ColombettiEmail: |
7.
Andrei A. Buckareff 《Philosophia》2006,34(2):143-152
Sharon Ryan has recently argued that if one has compatibilist intuitions about free action, then one should reject the claim that agents cannot exercise direct voluntary control over coming to believe. In this paper I argue that the differences between beliefs and actions make the expectation of direct voluntary control over coming to believe unreasonable. So Ryan's theory of doxastic agency is untenable.
相似文献
Andrei A. BuckareffEmail: Phone: +1-716-3533623 |
8.
Thomas Kroedel 《Philosophical Studies》2008,139(1):125-143
The paper argues that mental causation can be explained from the sufficiency of counterfactual dependence for causation together
with relatively weak assumptions about the metaphysics of mind. If a physical event counterfactually depends on an earlier
physical event, it also counterfactually depends on, and hence is caused by, a mental event that correlates with (or supervenes
on) this earlier physical event, provided that this correlation (or supervenience) is sufficiently modally robust. This account
of mental causation is consistent with the overdetermination of physical events by mental events and other physical events,
but does not entail it.
相似文献
Thomas KroedelEmail: |
9.
Associative accounts of goal-directed action, developed in the fields of human ideomotor action and that of animal learning,
can capture cognitive belief-desire psychology of human decision-making. Whereas outcome-response accounts can account for
the fact that the thought of a goal can call to mind the action that has previously procured this goal, response-outcome accounts
capture decision-making processes that start out with the consideration of possible response alternatives followed only in
the second instance by evaluation of their consequences. We argue that while the outcome-response mechanism plays a crucial
role in response priming effects, the response-outcome mechanism is particularly important for action selection on the basis
of current needs and desires. We therefore develop an integrative account that encapsulates these two routes of action selection
within the framework of the associative-cybernetic model. This model has the additional benefit of providing mechanisms for
the incentive modulation of goal-directed action and for the development of behavioural autonomy, and therefore provides a
promising account of the multi-faceted process of animal as well as human instrumental decision-making.
相似文献
Sanne de WitEmail: |
10.
Marjorie Spear Price 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):129-140
According to the Particularist Theory of Events, events are real things that have a spatiotemporal location. I argue that
some events do not have a spatial location in the sense required by the theory. These events are ordinary, nonmental events
like Smith’s investigating the murder and Carol’s putting her coat on the chair. I discuss the significance of these counterexamples
for the theory.
相似文献
Marjorie Spear PriceEmail: |
11.
Franciska Krings Franziska Tschan Sophie Bettex 《Journal of business and psychology》2007,21(4):585-611
162 Swiss employees were surveyed to assess knowledge of and attitudes toward different types of affirmative action programs
(AAPs) for women. Findings show that knowledge of AAPs was limited and AAPs were most frequently associated with child care
measures. Attitudes toward opportunity enhancement programs, especially toward child care, were more positive than toward
preferential selection and positive discriminatory programs. Women held more positive attitudes toward AAPs. However, for
some attitudes, gender differences were entirely mediated by symbolic prejudice toward working women. Independently of gender,
symbolic prejudice was a key predictor of all attitudes. Measures of self-view (self-esteem and gender self-concept) were
largely unrelated to attitudes toward AAPs. Implications for research and organizations are discussed.
相似文献
Franciska KringsEmail: |
12.
Harry M. Collins 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2008,7(2):309-311
My claim is clear and unambiguous: no machine will pass a well-designed Turing Test unless we find some means of embedding
it in lived social life. We have no idea how to do this but my argument, and all our evidence, suggests that it will not be
a necessary condition that the machine have more than a minimal body. Exactly how minimal is still being worked out.
相似文献
Harry M. CollinsEmail: |
13.
Experimental philosophy and philosophical intuition 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
Ernest Sosa 《Philosophical Studies》2007,132(1):99-107
The topic is experimental philosophy as a naturalistic movement, and its bearing on the value of intuitions in philosophy.
This paper explores first how the movement might bear on philosophy more generally, and how it might amount to something novel
and promising. Then it turns to one accomplishment repeatedly claimed for it already: namely, the discrediting of armchair
intuitions as used in philosophy.
相似文献
Ernest SosaEmail: |
14.
Dr. med. Dipl.-Soz. Alf Gerlach 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2004,20(1):7-12
15.
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of the concept of possibility, and not merely that of actuality, for an inquiry into the bodily constitution of experience. The paper will study how the possibilities of action that may
(or may not) be available to the subject help to shape the meaning attributed to perceived objects and to the situation occupied
by the subject within her environment. This view will be supported by reference to empirical evidence provided by recent and
current research on the perceptual estimation of distances and the effects brought about by the use of a tool on the organisation
of our perceived immediate space.
相似文献
Olivier GapenneEmail: |
16.
In this paper we discuss visualizations in mathematics from a historical and didactical perspective. We consider historical
debates from the 17th and 19th centuries regarding the role of intuition and visualizations in mathematics. We also consider
the problem of what a visualization in mathematical learning can achieve. In an empirical study we investigate what mathematical
conclusions university students made on the basis of a visualization. We emphasize that a visualization in mathematics should
always be considered in its proper context.
相似文献
Kajsa Br?ting (Corresponding author)Email: |
Johanna PejlareEmail: |
17.
Bas C. van Fraassen 《Philosophical Studies》2009,143(1):5-24
The story of how Perrin’s experimental work established the reality of atoms and molecules has been a staple in (realist)
philosophy of science writings (Wesley Salmon, Clark Glymour, Peter Achinstein, Penelope Maddy, …). I’ll argue that how this
story is told distorts both what the work was and its significance, and draw morals for the understanding of how theories
can be or fail to be empirically grounded.
相似文献
Bas C. van FraassenEmail: |
18.
miriam cooke 《Contemporary Islam》2007,1(2):139-154
In the 6 years that have elapsed since the events of 9/11 Muslims have become the Other and veiled Muslim women have become
their visible representatives. Standing in for their communities, they have attracted international media attention. So intertwined
are gender and religion that they have become one. I have coined the term the Muslimwoman to describe this erasure of diversity.
Some women reject this label. Others use it to empower themselves and even to subvert the identification. In the process they
are constructing a new kind of cosmopolitanism. This essay asks how women can derive agency from an ascribed identity that
posits their invisibility and silence.
相似文献
miriam cookeEmail: |
19.
Doris G. Bazzini Elizabeth R. Stack Penny D. Martincin Carmen P. Davis 《Motivation and emotion》2007,31(1):25-34
Despite independent evidence that reminiscing about positive events has positive emotional benefits, and that laughter plays
a role in seemingly successful relationships, there is a lack of empirical research examining how reminiscing about laughter
might influence relationship well being. Specifically, the current study assessed whether reminiscing about shared laughter
would increase relationship satisfaction among romantic couples. Fifty-two couples were randomly assigned to one of four reminiscing
conditions and completed pre- and post-manipulation assessments of relationship satisfaction. As predicted, couples who reminisced
about events involving shared laugher reported higher relationship satisfaction at the post-manipulation satisfaction assessment
as compared to couples in the three control conditions. The effect was not attributed to positive mood induction as mood scores
across groups were similar. Results show preliminary support for the notion that reminiscing about laughter may have a more
potent influence on relationship well being than reminiscing about other positive events.
相似文献
Doris G. BazziniEmail: |
20.
This is a critical discussion of a paper on the problem of bootstrapping by Jose Zalabardo.
相似文献
Anthony BruecknerEmail: |