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1.
Г. Капиновски 《Studia Logica》1953,1(1):183-184
, : ... () ..., ... () ..., ... () ... , ... () ..., — . - . 相似文献
2.
. 《Studia Logica》1967,20(1):36
Резюме Настояшая работа не солержнт никаких новых опреденнй понятий окстенсии и интесни выражений в семантических системах. Мы рассматриваем
два отношения
экстенсинальной и интенсональой оквивалентноси, которые имеют место между выражениями, а также функцни
и
вынолняющие условия:
где
,
являютея выражениямн. Каждая пара такнх функций
и
является иекоторым представленне экстесии и интесии выражений В статье рассматри-ваются общие свойства представния экстенсии
и интенсии выразеный и даются примеры таких представлений.
В статье выделено так называемое объективное предетавление экстенсии и введе-но понятне так называемтого семантического замыкания
модели.
В статье показывается, что зкстению и интесию термов можно привести к зкстенсии и интенсии предложений.
Рассатриваются отношения экстенсиональной и интенсиональной структураль-ной эквнвалентности быражений. Отншения эти в случае
так называемых нормаль-ных семантических систем приводятся к синтактической эквивалентности выраже-ний. Суцествует некоторая
связь этих отношений с понятием коденотации введен-ным К. Айдукевичем. 相似文献
3.
Justin D'Ambrosio 《Philosophy and phenomenological research》2023,106(1):196-220
Prior's puzzle is standardly taken to be the puzzle of why, given the assumption that that-clauses denote propositions, substitution of the proposition that for that within the complements of many propositional attitude verbs is invalid. I show that Prior's puzzle is much more general than is ordinarily supposed. There are two variants on the substitutional form of the puzzle—a quantificational variant and a pronominal variant—and all three forms of the puzzle arise in a wide range of verbal complements, rather than merely in the complements of propositional attitude verbs. The generalized puzzle shows that a range of proposed solutions to the original puzzle fail, or are radically incomplete, and also reveals the connections between Prior's puzzle and debates over the nature of semantic types and higher-order quantification. I go on to develop a novel, higher-order solution to the generalized form of the puzzle, and I argue that this higher-approach is superior to its first-order alternatives. 相似文献
4.
Physically active lessons have been shown to enhance academic achievement. However, the effects on cognitive function and gross motor skill development remain unknown. The present study examined how the incorporation of physical activity bouts within Mathematics lessons affects cognitive function and gross motor skill development across 2 years in primary school children. Eighty-two children (6.6 ± 0.3 y) were allocated to an intervention (n = 36; completing 8 h/wk of physically active lessons) or control (n = 46) group. A battery of cognitive function tests was completed, alongside the TGMD-3 to assess gross motor skills. Physically active Mathematics lessons led to greater improvements across all measures of cognition, when compared to the control group (digit span forwards, p < 0.001, d = 1.5; digit span backwards, p = 0.017, d = 1.0; free word recall: p < 0.001, d = 1.3; selective visual attention: p < 0.001, d = 0.3; verbal fluency: p < 0.001, d = 0.9; arithmetic: p < 0.001, d = 1.8). Furthermore, the intervention group demonstrated greater improvements in overall score on the TGMD-3 (p < 0.001, d = 1.7), as well as the locomotion (p < 0.001, d = 1.1) and object control (p < 0.001, d = 1.5) sub-scales. The physically active Mathematics lessons intervention appears to offer synergistic benefits in relation to cognitive and motor development, which are critical for optimal development in the early years. 相似文献
5.
J. Słupecki 《Studia Logica》1953,1(1):40-41
Streszczenie
Zmienn istotn wyraenia rachunku zda nazywam zmienn, której warto przy pewnym ukadzie wartoci innych zmiennych wpywa na warto caego wyraenia. 相似文献
6.
7.
Safe street crossing is important for older adults' social inclusion. We assessed gait kinematic adaptation under different simulated street crossing conditions in older adults with Parkinson's disease (PD) and made comparisons with older adults without PD to understand how PD interferes in outdoor task performance, helping in the development of strategies to reduce road traffic accident risk. In 20 older adults without PD (control group – CG) and 20 with PD (GPD), we assessed usual gait (C1), gait during street crossing simulation (C2), and gait during reduced-time street crossing simulation (C3). Velocity, step length, and step, swing, stance, and double support time were analyzed. Spatiotemporal differences in gait between groups and conditions were analyzed. The GPD walked 16% slower in C1 and 12% slower in C2 and C3 than the CG. GPD also took 11% shorter steps in C1 and 9.5% shorter steps in C2. The double support time was 8.5% greater in C1. In intragroup comparisons, there were significant differences in all gait conditions. The CG showed increased velocity (C2 15% > C1; C3 13% > C2; C3 26% > C1), step length (C2 8% > C1; C3 5% > C2; C3 13% > C1), and swing time (C2 2% > C1; C3 3.7% > C2; C3 6% > C1), and decreased step time (C2 7.5% < C1; C3 8% < C2; C3 15% < C1), stance time (C2 1.3% < C1; C3 2.5% < C2; C3 3.6% < C1), and double support time (C2 6.3% < C1; C3 10.5% < C2; C3 16% < C1). GPD showed increased velocity (C2 19% > C1; C3 13.5% > C2; C3 29.7% > C1), step length, (C2 6% > C1; C3 7% > C2; C3 16% > C1), and swing time (C2 3% > C1; C3 3% > C2; C3 5.5% > C1) and decreased step time (C2 10.3% < C1; C3 7.7% < C2; C3 17% < C1), stance time (C2 1.7% < C1; C3 1.7% < C2; C3 3.4% < C1), and double support time (C2 7% < C1; C3 9.5% < C2; C3 16% < C1). Kinematic changes observed in the intergroup comparison show that participants with PD had lower velocity in all conditions. However, per the intragroup results, both participants with and without PD managed to significantly modify gait variables to attempt to cross the street in the given time. It is necessary to assess whether this increases fall risk by exposing them to road traffic accidents. 相似文献
8.
Many clients drop out of therapy before reaching their goals (Bohart &; Wade, 2013), though being in therapy produces more change than not being in therapy (Lambert, 1992). To investigate the factors that affect clients’ decisions to persist in therapy, we surveyed a convenience sample of 72 clients of MFTs in individual, couple or family therapy currently in treatment in a community-based therapy center. We tested moderation using regression analysis to determine the extent to which productiveness moderates the relationship between therapeutic alliance and intended persistence. Results showed that productiveness moderated the relationship between therapeutic alliance and intended persistence. Specifically, higher levels of therapy productiveness strengthened the relationship between therapeutic alliance and therapy persistence. Implications for future research and practice are presented and discussed. 相似文献
9.
Plerluigi Minari 《Studia Logica》1986,45(2):207-222
Given an intermediate prepositional logic L, denote by L
–d
its disjuctionless fragment. We introduce an infinite sequence {J
n}n1 of propositional formulas, and prove:(1)For any
L: L
–d
=I
–d
(I=intuitionistic logic) if and only if J
n L
for every n 1.Since it turns out that L{J
n}
n1 = Ø for any L having the disjunction property, we obtain as a corollary that L
–d
= I
–d
for every L
with d.p. (cf. open problem 7.19 of [5]). Algebraic semantic is used in the proof of the if part of (1). In the last section of the paper we provide a characterization in Kripke's semantic for the logics J
n
=I+ +J
n
(n 1). 相似文献
10.
Estíbaliz Aragón José I. Navarro Manuel Aguilar Gamal Cerda Manuel García‐Sedeño 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2016,57(6):489-494
Early math skills are determined by higher cognitive processes that are particularly important for acquiring and developing skills during a child's early education. Such processes could be a critical target for identifying students at risk for math learning difficulties. Few studies have considered the use of a structural equation method to rationalize these relations. Participating in this study were 207 preschool students ages 59 to 72 months, 108 boys and 99 girls. Performance with respect to early math skills, early literacy, general intelligence, working memory, and short‐term memory was assessed. A structural equation model explaining 64.3% of the variance in early math skills was applied. Early literacy exhibited the highest statistical significance (β = 0.443, p < 0.05), followed by intelligence (β = 0.286, p < 0.05), working memory (β = 0.220, p < 0.05), and short‐term memory (β = 0.213, p < 0.05). Correlations between the independent variables were also significant (p < 0.05). According to the results, cognitive variables should be included in remedial intervention programs. 相似文献
11.
Considered in this paper is a decision task which has been employed to study multistage betting behavior. When the task commences, a decision maker (DM) is provided with some capital x (x > 0) which he is required to allocate over m (m > 1) mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive alternatives, each of which occurs with probability pi (pi > 0, i = 1,…, m; Σi=1mpi = 1). If the amount yi is allocated to alternative i (yi ≥ 0, Σi=1myi = x) and alternative i obtains, DM's capital for the next stage of the game becomes yiri, where ri (ri > 0) is the return per unit allocated to alternative i. The task consists of N stages.Defining risk in terms of the mean and variance of DM's bets, and assuming that the minimization of risk is DM's objective, decision policies satisfying this objective are derived in closed form and their testable properties are briefly discussed. 相似文献
12.
13.
《Modern Theology》2006,22(1):145-167
Book reviewed: Idolatry and Representation: The Philosophy of Franz Rosenzweig Reconsidered by Leora Batnitzky (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000) x + 281 pp. Reviewed by Charles T. Mathewes Department of Religious StudiesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville, VA 22904‐4126SA Violence, Hospitality, and the Cross: Reappropriating the Atonement Tradition by Hans Boersma (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2004) + 288 pp. Reviewed by Gladstone H. Stevens, S.S. St. Mary's Seminary and University5400 Roland Ave.Baltimore, MD 21210USA The Creativity of God: World, Eucharist, Reason by Oliver Davies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) xi + 210 pp. Reviewed by Matthew Levering Ave Maria University1025 Commons CircleNaples, Florida 34119USA Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity by Larry W. Hurtado (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003) xxii + 745 pp. Reviewed by Stephen Fowl Department of TheologyLoyola College in Maryland4501 N. Charles StreetBaltimore, MD 21210USA Culture and the Thomist Tradition after Vatican II by Tracey Rowland (London and New York: Routledge, 2003) xiv + 226 pp. Reviewed by Joseph Wawrykow Department of TheologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame, Indiana46556USA Spinoza's Revelation: Religion, Democracy, and Reason by Nancy K. Levene (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) xxii + 256pp. Reviewed by Martin Kavka Department of ReligionFlorida State UniversityTallahassee, FL 32306‐1520USA Religion and the Domestication of Dissent: Or How to Live in a Less than Perfect Nation by Russell T. McCutcheon (London: Equinox, 2005) xi + 123 pp. Reviewed by Stefan Skrimshire 75 Rockdove AvenueHulmeManchesterM15 5EHUK Furthering Humanity: A Theology of Culture by Timothy Gorringe (Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2004) vi + 283 pp. Reviewed by J. Matthew Ashley Department of TheologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame, IN 46556USA Flannery O’Connor and the Christ‐Haunted South by Ralph C. Wood (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2004) xii + 272 pp. Reviewed by Frederick C. Bauerschmidt Department of TheologyLoyola College4501 N. Charles StreetBaltimore, MD 21210USA 相似文献
14.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
15.
W. A. Pogorzelski 《Studia Logica》1962,13(1):129-131
Summary The sentential calculiR, under discussion, are axiomatizable and implication is among their primitive terms. The modus ponens and the rule of substitution
are their primitive rules. ByS
r
is denoted the set of sentences obtained from the formulae of the calculusR by substituting sentences of a given language for all variables. The variablesx, y, z ... represent the elements of the setS
r
, the variablesX, Y, Z ... represent the subsets ofS
R
. The formulacxy designates an implication withx as its antecedent andy as its consequent,cxy is always an element ofS
R
δ(X) means, thatX is closed with respect to the modus ponens rule.A
R
designates the class of allS
R
-substitutions of the axioms of the sentential calculusR. 相似文献
16.
Abufazel Hosseininasab Donald J. Viglione Joni L. Mihura Ety Berant Ana Cristina Resende 《Journal of personality assessment》2019,101(2):199-212
Controlling the number of Rorschach responses (R) as a method to reduce variability in the length of records has stimulated controversy among researchers for many years. Recently, the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R–PAS; Meyer, Viglione, Mihura, Erard, &; Erdberg, 2011) introduced an R-Optimized method to reduce variability in R. Using 4 published and 2 previously unpublished studies (N = 713), we examine the extent to which 51 Comprehensive System–based scores on the R–PAS profile pages are affected as a result of receiving Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2003) administration versus a version of R-Optimized administration. As hypothesized, R—the intended target of R-Optimized administration—showed reliable weighted average differences across each method of administration. As expected, its mean modestly increased and its standard deviation notably decreased. Also as hypothesized, the next largest effects were decreases in the variability (SD) of 2 variables directly related to R, R8910% and Complexity. No other reliable differences were observed. Therefore, because R-Optimized administration does not notably modify the existing CS-based normative values for other profiled R–PAS variables, the data do not support concerns that R-Optimized administration notably modifies the Rorschach task or that existing CS research data would not generalize to R–PAS. However, because R-Optimized administration reduces variability in R, it allows a single set of norms to apply readily to more people. 相似文献
17.
18.
Werner Traxel 《Psychological research》1960,26(2):75-90
Zusammenfassung Es war das Ziel, ein Maß für die Stärke von Gefühlen aus einem ihrer physischen Korrelate, der sog. psychogalvanischen Reaktion, zu gewinnen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Vergleichsurteile über die Gefühlsbetonung von Reizwortpaaren den durch die Darbietung der Wörter ausgelösten Hautreaktionen zugeordnet. Mit den Maßzahlen wurden eine logarithmische Transformation und eine Quadratwurzeltransformation vorgenommen. Die Auswertung erfolgte jeweils gemäß dem Skalierungsverfahren für Vergleichsurteile. Es zeigte sich, daß die auf Grund der Quadratwurzeltransformation erhaltenen Skalenwerte für die Gefühlsstärke in voll befriedigender Weise durch eine Gerade angenähert werden können, während dies mit der logarithmischen Transformation weniger gut gelingt.Um aus der gefundenen Intervallskala der Gefühlsstärke eine Verhältnisskala zu erhalten, wurde die Gefühlsschwelle der galvanischen Hautreaktion zu bestimmen versucht. Es ergab sich, daß der Schwellenwert der emotionalen Veränderung bei der Größe 0 der Hautwiderstandsänderung liegt. Es folgt daraus, daß die Stärke eines Gefühls als der Quadratwurzel der relativen Widerstandsänderung proportional anzunehmen ist.Dieses Ergebnis wird durch ein Anwendungsbeispiel veranschaulicht. 相似文献
19.
20.
Dorothy T. Thayer 《Psychometrika》1983,48(2):293-297
Consider an old testX consisting ofs sections and two new testsY andZ similar toX consisting ofp andq sections respectively. All subjects are given testX plus two variable sections from either testY orZ. Different pairings of variable sections are given to each subsample of subjects. We present a method of estimating the covariance matrix of the combined test (X
1, ...,X
s
,Y
1, ...,Y
p
,Z
1, ...,Z
q
) and describe an application of these estimation techniques to linear, observed-score, test equating.The author is indebted to Paul W. Holland and Donald B. Rubin for their encouragement and many helpful comments and suggestions that contributed significantly to the development of this paper.This research was supported by the Program Statistics Research Project of the ETS Research Statistics Group. 相似文献