坚韧人格量表的编制

通过开放式问卷调查、专家访谈及参考国外同类问卷,结合中国社会文化特点,编制了坚韧人格量表。经过两次施测,对数据分别进行探索性因素分析及验证性因素分析,最终确定坚韧人格量表包含四个维度,共27个项目。数据分析表明,坚韧人格量表具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为人格坚韧性的测量工具。     

应征公民心理选拔的人格评估

应征公民人格评估的目的是对精神分裂症病前人格特征进行预测性评价。采取定性与定量两种研究方法编制征兵专用人格问卷,并对其进行指标验证。结果发现：①量表应答得分区间可较好地区分正常新兵与精神分裂症被试;②二阶因子分析将人格分量表部分划分为3个维度8个因子;③精神分裂症患者人格分量表分数各指标均显著高于正常新兵;④总预测符合率和预测合格符合率均在98%以上,预测淘汰符合率最低为70.13%。上述结果表明,本研究编制的中国士兵人格问卷（CSPQ）具有良好的信度和效度,适用于我国应征公民心理检测以及我军士兵的人格测试     

中文版父母报告高敏感儿童量表的修订

本研究修订编制适合测量学前儿童的中文版父母报告高敏感儿童量表,并在学前儿童家长群体中进行信效度检验。通过文献分析,建构了学前儿童高感觉加工敏感性的结构模型,在参考国外量表题目的基础上,编制了初始量表。按照量表编制流程先后对1633名3～6岁学前儿童家长进行问卷测试,通过项目分析、探索性与验证性因素分析对初始量表进行题目删减与维度确定,最终形成了包括易刺激性、审美敏感性和低感觉阈限三个维度的中文版父母报告高敏感儿童量表。进一步分析表明,中文版父母报告高敏感儿童量表信效度符合统计学要求,能够作为测量我国学前儿童感觉加工敏感性的有效工具。     

孔子思想中的君子人格：心理学测量的探索

君子人格是中国文化(尤其是儒学思想)中的理想的人格特质, 对于理解中国文化心理具有重要意义, 但鲜有实证研究。通过经典文本的理论分析与心理测量的实证分析相结合的方法, 选取《论语》中孔子对君子的论述编制初测条目, 通过探索性和验证性因素分析、效标关联效度分析等实证研究方法(总样本量 = 1916), 对孔子思想中的君子人格的内在结构进行了探索, 并编制了具有良好信效度的测量工具。结果表明, 孔子思想中的君子人格包含了智仁勇、恭而有礼、喻义怀德、有所不为、持己无争5个因素。此外还考察了其与大五人格、中国人价值观、自我和谐、合作与竞争人格倾向、亲社会倾向等效标变量的相关关系。     

普通高校大学生综合国防素质的量表编制

本研究通过初始问卷编制、项目分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析等程序,编制普通高校大学生综合国防素质量表,并进行了相关实证测量。结果显示,量表有8个维度共35个题项。量表的α系数和重测信度均符合心理测量学指标要求,具有良好的结构效度、聚敛区分效度与校标关联效度,可用于大学生综合国防素质的测量。测量结果发现,大学生综合国防素质总体处于中等偏上水平,且存在显著的性别差异与年级差异。     

中国远程学习者学习风格理论模型与验证

为帮助中国远程学习者了解自身的学习风格,选择相应的学习策略,进而提高远程学习质量,根据学习风格的信息加工理论、Kolb的经验学习理论以及荣格的人格特征类型理论,从生理、社会、心理三个维度,构建了我国远程学习者学习风格的理论模型,通过编制量表和实际测量,对该模型进行验证分析和修订完善.结果表明,最初提出的理论模型假设得到验证,修订后的量表具有良好的效度和信度,可以用来测量我国远程学习者的学习风格.     

竞争情境中的人格取向——理论建构及实证

尝试用新的视角——取向研究视角,对竞争情境中的人格进行整合研究,建构一种与社会情境结合更紧密,更具概括性的人格取向理论。人格取向理论的假设建构模型包括四种人格取向维度：社会取向,个人取向,积极取向和消极取向。根据理论模型编制竞争情境人格取向量表,以1399名被试为研究对象,运用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析方法对该理论模型进行实证研究。结果证明了该理论建构的存在,理论建构中各维度的因素负荷和拟合指数良好,竞争情境人格取向量表具有良好的信度和建构效度,既可作为证明该理论建构的有效工具,亦可作为评估竞争情境人     

中国人善良人格量表的编制及信效度检验

中国的心理学研究充满了道德色彩,研究以善良人格概念及结构为基础,编制了中国人善良人格量表。研究根据已有的善良人格词汇对应编写具体条目,经过分析整合后初步保留29个善良人格条目,在此基础上研究招募960名被试,分别进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,并建构了善良人格的二阶四因子结构。研究结果表明善良人格量表具有良好的信效度,是测量中国人善良人格的有效工具。     

大学生无聊倾向问卷的初步编制

在文献分析基础上,结合国外常用的无聊倾向量表,通过开放式问卷、访谈等方法,编制适用于我国大学生的无聊倾向问卷。并对972名大学生进行测查,采用探索性因素分析对无聊倾向性的结构进行剖析。结果表明:(1)问卷分为两个维度:外部刺激和内部刺激;(2)这两个维度由6个因子组成:单调性、约束性、孤独感、紧张感、自控力和创造力;(3)问卷具有较好的信效度,是测量大学生无聊指数的有效工具。     

MBTI—G人格类型量表中文版的修订

MBTI(Myers—Briggs Type Indicator)是代表Jung心理类型理论的测量工具之一,编制的目的是通过测量内外倾、感觉一直觉、对事一对人、认知一判断等四种人格维度的量,以了解人格类型的偏好倾向。MBTI经过50多年使用和完善,证明其是具有很好信、效度的人格量表,已经发展成为具有广泛影响和应用前景的国际著名人格量表,并已广泛应用于职业指导、人事咨询、管理人员评估及团体动力学分析等方面,其测验题仅有97道,简便易行。1994年,我们与美国东卡罗莱纳大学合作,对MBTI-G量表进行系统的翻译和修订,经过近六年的工作,基本完成了中文版MBTI人格测验量表的修订工作。     

Toward a Tripartite Model and Measurement of Proactive Personality

Although proactive personality (Bateman & Crant, 1993), as a relatively stable disposition to bring about change in one's environment, is a central construct in the management and organizational behavior literature, questions have arisen about its definition and structure. To answer these questions, we present a tripartite model of proactive personality consisting of 3 dimensions: perception (i.e., perceiving opportunities for change), implementation (i.e., planning and executing change), and perseverance (i.e., persisting until the change is realized). Exploratory factor analysis informed the construction of a 14-item scale, and confirmatory factor analyses supported the validity of the scale. The new scale demonstrated satisfactory reliability and accounted for significant variance in task performance above that of original proactive personality, personal initiative, conscientiousness, and social desirability. Tripartite proactive personality might provide a more nuanced view of dispositional proactivity and greater predictive power than the original unidimensional proactive personality.     

The factor structure of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory

In the first study, we administered the 40-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin & Terry, 1988) to 843 female and 843 male college students, most of whom were Euro-American, to comprehensively assess the NPI factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis. Initial exploratory common factor analyses (N = 724) revealed a 2-factor model (Leadership/Authority and Exhibitionism/Entitlement). Subsequently, we used confirmatory factor analysis in a separate sample (N = 724) to evaluate the Emmons (1987) 4-factor model, the Raskin and Terry (1988) 7-factor model, the Kubarych, Deary, and Austin (2004) 2- and 3-factor models, and our 2-factor model. Finally, we assessed construct validity by correlating the scale scores with the Five-factor model of personality in an independent sample (N = 238). The 2-factor models for the NPI we obtained in this study and by Kubarych et al. (2004) appeared to be the most parsimonious models, with both a good fit to the data and satisfactory internal consistency values; so they are recommended for use. However, additional NPI research is needed to rescale, modify, or omit several NPI items and develop gender-equivalent items.     

Individual differences in processing styles: validity of the Rational-Experiential Inventory

In Study 1 (N= 203) the factor structure of a Swedish translation of Pacini and Epstein's Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI-40) was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis. The hypothesized model with rationality and experientiality as orthogonal factors had satisfactory fit to the data, significantly better than alternative models (with two correlated factors or a single factor). Inclusion of "ability" and "favorability" subscales for rationality and experientiality increased fit further. It was concluded that the structural validity of the REI is adequate. In Study 2 (N= 72) the REI-factors were shown to have theoretically meaningful correlations to other personality traits, indicating convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, scores on the rationality scale were negatively related to risky choice framing effects in Kahneman and Tversky's Asian disease task, indicating concurrent validity. On the basis of these findings it was concluded that the test has satisfactory psychometric properties.     

Psychometric properties of driver self-image inventory for Chinese drivers and its associations with personality and driving style

This study aimed to adapt the Driver Self-image Inventory (DSII, Taubman-Ben-Ari, 2008) to Chinese drivers and examine its relationship with personality traits and driving style. Six hundred forty drivers aged 18–55 years agreed to participate in this study. Measurements included the DSII, a personality scale and a validated Chinese version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI). The results of exploratory factor analysis (n = 302) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 305) yielded a three-factor scale with satisfactory reliability. Significant gender differences were found on the DSII factors, with male drivers scoring higher on the impulsive driver factor and lower on the cautious driver factor than female drivers. The validity of the DSII was supported by significant associations between the DSII factors and personality traits, driving style and number of traffic violations and accidents in the previous 12 months. Moreover, drivers with traffic accidents scored significantly lower on the cautious driver factor and higher on the impulsive driver factor than those without traffic accidents. These findings indicate that the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the DSII are acceptable.     

Relational humility: conceptualizing and measuring humility as a personality judgment

The study of humility has progressed slowly due to measurement problems. We describe a model of relational humility that conceptualizes humility as a personality judgment. In this set of 5 studies, we developed the 16-item Relational Humility Scale (RHS) and offered initial evidence for the theoretical model. In Study 1 (N = 300), we developed the RHS and its subscales--Global Humility, Superiority, and Accurate View of Self. In Study 2, we confirmed the factor structure of the scale in an independent sample (N = 196). In Study 3, we provided initial evidence supporting construct validity using an experimental design (N = 200). In Study 4 (N = 150), we provided additional evidence of construct validity by examining the relationships between humility and empathy, forgiveness, and other virtues. In Study 5 (N = 163), we adduced evidence of discriminant and incremental validity of the RHS compared with the Honesty-Humility subscale of the HEXACO-PI (Lee & Ashton, 2004).     

Appreciation of Beauty and Excellence: Relationship with Personality,Prosociality and Well-Being

Appreciation of beauty and excellence (ABE) is one of the least studied character strengths. Therefore, this study aims at advancing the knowledge in this area by (1) developing a scale that measures the three categories of appreciation (i.e., beauty, moral excellence, and non-moral excellence), (2) assessing many of its psychometric properties, and (3) examining the relationship of ABE with personality, prosociality, and well-being. In Study 1, we create and assess an initial set of items measuring ABE. In Study 2, we examine the dimensionality of ABE, and test the internal consistency and validity of the scale. Moreover, we assess the relationships between ABE and personality, prosociality and well-being. In Study 3, we test the temporal stability of the scale. Results revealed that a three-dimensional model of ABE showed the best fit to the data. The scale showed good validity (construct, factorial, incremental) and reliability (internal and temporal). Finally, ABE yielded positive associations with prosociality and well-being, and demonstrated to be more than a linear combination of the Big Five factors of personality.     

Callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of adolescents

This study examined the structure, distribution, and correlates of a new measure of self-reported callous-unemotional (CU) traits in 1,443 adolescents (774 boys, 669 girls) between the ages of 13 to 18 years. The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits was subjected to exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis produced three factors: callousness, uncaring, and unemotional. Fit indexes suggested that the three-factor model, with a single higher-order factor, represented a satisfactory solution for the data. This factor structure fits well for both boys and girls. CU traits correlated significantly with measures of conduct problems and psychosocial impairment. Furthermore, the traits showed predicted associations with sensation seeking and the Big Five personality dimensions, supporting the construct validity of the measure of CU traits.     

The structure of personality disorders: comparing the DSM-IV-TR Axis II classification with the five-factor model framework using structural equation modeling

Earlier factor analytical studies on the empirical validity of the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychological Association, 2000) Axis II classification have offered little support for the current three-cluster structure. In his large-scale meta-analysis of previously published personality disorder correlation matrices, O'Connor (2005) found four factors, corresponding to the neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness domains of the five-factor model of personality. In the present study, this dimensional four-factor model and the categorical DSM three-cluster structure were fitted to the Assessment of DSM-IV Personality Disorders questionnaire (ADP-IV; Schotte & De Doncker, 1994) scale scores using structural equation modelling. The results strongly favored the dimensional model, which also resembled other well-founded four-factor proposals (Livesley, Jang, & Vernon, 1998; Widiger & Simonsen, 2005). Moreover, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that this model was highly invariant and thus generalizable across two large clinical (n = 1,029) and general population (n = 659) samples.     

应聘情境下作假识别量表的开发

在应聘情境中, 被试容易对人格测验作假。应对作假的常用方法是采用社会称许性量表对作假直接测量, 再去校正和识别作假效应。但是采用社会称许性量表测量作假存在很多问题, 因而基于作假的特殊性质开发了《作假识别量表》。采用探索性因素分析证实了量表的单维性, 解释率为54.650%。概化理论检验表明测验信度较好, G系数为0.906, j系数为0.902。采用一个真实的应聘情境检验效度, 发现《作假识别量表》对作假更加敏感, 能够比较充分地测量作假。