An investigation of the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Symptom Impact Scale within an Australian sample

Caring for patients with an eating disorder (ED) is associated with a high level of burden and psychological distress. Currently, the Eating Disorder Symptom Impact Scale (EDSIS) is the only scale that measures the specific impact of caring for a patient with an ED. The initial development study within a British sample of carers indicated that the EDSIS has a four‐factor structure. The aim of the current study was to confirm the factor structure of the EDSIS within an Australian sample of carers. One hundred and fifty‐four carers completed the EDSIS. In contrast to the initial study, a six‐factor structure was derived explaining 69.66% of the variance: guilt, social isolation, confrontational behaviours, binge–purge difficulties, mealtime difficulties, and illness awareness. Reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha range 0.69–0.88). Five of the six factors were moderately correlated with the General Health Questionnaire‐12 (r range = 0.24–0.51). A six‐factor solution may be a valid alternative for the EDSIS.     

Psychometric properties of the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised among Icelandic college students

In the present study, the psychometric properties of the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) (Foa, et al., 2002) were investigated. The OCI-R was administered to a total of 816 Icelandic college students. The Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) were administered to a subsample of 304 students, and the PI-WSUR (Padua Inventory Washington State University Revision), the PSWQ and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) to another subsample of 212 students. Also, 89 students filled in the OCI-R twice with two weeks in between. The factor structure of the instrument was replicated in a confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliabilities of the OCI-R total scale and all subscales were satisfactory. Further, the OCI-R total score showed a significantly higher correlation with the PI-WSUR and the MOCI than with the PSWQ or the MPS. Finally, conceptually similar scales of the OCI-R and the MOCI as well as the PI-WSUR showed higher inter-correlations than the correlations that were observed between conceptually more distinct scales. It is concluded that the Icelandic version of the OCI-R has strong psychometric properties in a student population.     

Psychometric Validation of the Temptation and Restraint Inventory in Two Samples of College Drinkers1

Drinking restraint, commonly measured by the Temptation and Restraint Inventory (TRI; Collins & Lapp, 1992), refers to a cycle of temptation to drink alcohol and attempts to control alcohol use that results in excessive consumption. Recent research has examined college drinkers using the TRI, however, it has been validated only in adult samples. This study validated the TRI in two samples of college drinkers, designated as “hazardous” (n = 480) and “harmful” (n = 231) drinkers. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the previously reported higher order two-factor structure was identified in both samples. In addition, multiple regression analyses using derived component scores demonstrated that TRI performance was associated with degree of alcohol dependence in both samples. These data support the use of the TRI in college samples.These data were previously presented in November 2002 at the 36th annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Reno, NV     

Clinical Validation of the Swedish Version of the Quality of Life Inventory in Crime Victims with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and a Nonclinical Sample

The Swedish version of the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) was cross-culturally validated with a crime victim sample (N = 53) with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a nonclinical group (N = 100) with no lifetime and current psychiatric disorder from the general population in the Stockholm county of Sweden. The QOLI showed excellent internal consistencies in the clinical and the nonclinical sample. In addition, PTSD participants displayed a significantly lower self-perceived quality of life in 13 out of 16 domains of life than the nonclinical individuals. Furthermore, the QOLI was inversely correlated with interview and self-report measures of PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Overall, the results support the utility of the Swedish QOLI version as a potentially useful measure of self-perceived quality of life in Swedish clinical and nonclinical samples. The results are discussed in relation to the Swedish cross-cultural validation of the QOLI, methodological limitations and future directions.     

A comparative assessment of the factor structures and psychometric properties of the GHQ-12 and the GHQ-20 based on data from a Finnish population-based sample

The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is a self-report questionnaire designed to identify psychological distress. Psychometric properties of two versions of GHQ-12 and GHQ-20 were assessed in a large population-based sample of Finnish twins, ages 22 to 27 (n= 4580). Participants were randomized into two subgroups, namely Twin1 (n= 2294) and Twin2 (n= 2286). The GHQ-12 data were assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The factor structure of the GHQ-20 was first assessed with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in the Twin1 dataset, and the results obtained were then subjected to CFA in Twin1 and Twin2 datasets. The CFA of the GHQ-12 indicated that the best fit and the simplest solution were provided by the three-factor solution in both subpopulations. Analyses of the GHQ-20 suggested that the four-factor structure was superior to the three-factor model. This result is also theoretically justifiable. Compared to the 12-item version, GHQ-20 provides additional fourth factor of anhedonia, suggesting some discriminative power.     

Assessment of self-conscious emotions: a Swedish psychometric and structure evaluation of the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA)

The Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA) is a well-established scenario-based questionnaire assessing self-conscious emotions, such as shame and guilt, which have been shown to be differentially associated with a variety of functional, motivational, behavioral and health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and internal structure of a Swedish version of TOSCA in a sample of 361 healthy adults. The psychometric properties and internal consistency of the Swedish version were at level with the original US TOSCA version for shame, guilt and detachment. The internal structure of the Swedish version was acceptable for shame, guilt and detachment but contained shortcomings in assessment of externalization.     

Validation of the Internet-Administered Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) in Different Psychiatric Conditions

The Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) is an established rating scale of self-perceived quality of life across 16 domains. Norms for different psychiatric conditions when rated via the Internet, responsiveness to change following treatment, and the clinical impact of importance-weighting items have yet to be examined. To investigate these unanswered questions, important for the continued and expanded use of the QOLI, we compiled archival screening and post-treatment data from 20 studies featuring Internet-delivered psychological interventions for seven different psychiatric conditions and an undergraduate sample, totalling over 4000 participants. Disorder-specific norms were indicated by between-group analyses and are reported here, item-by-item. The QOLI showed adequate responsiveness to change and construct validity. Discrepancies were found when conducting between-group analyses with and without weighted items (more significant differences when items were not weighted) on both the screening and post-treatment data, suggesting that weighting is a procedure that is likely to have an impact when analysing QOLI results. Limitations and the needs for future research are discussed.     

Development of a Brief Version of the Social Phobia Inventory Using Item Response Theory: The Mini-SPIN-R

The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) is a widely used measure in mental health settings and a 3-item version (mini-SPIN) has been developed as a screening instrument for social anxiety disorder. In the present study, we examined the psychometric properties of the SPIN and developed a brief version (mini-SPIN-R) designed to assess social anxiety severity using item response theory. Our sample included 569 individuals with social anxiety disorder who participated in 2 clinical trials and filled out a battery of self-report measures. Using a nonparametric kernel smoothing method we identified the most sensitive items of the SPIN. These 3 items comprised the mini-SPIN-R, which was found to have greater internal consistency, and to capture a greater range of symptoms compared to the mini-SPIN. The mini-SPIN-R evidenced superior convergent validity compared to the mini-SPIN and both measures had similar divergent validity. Thus, the mini-SPIN-R is a promising brief measure of social anxiety severity.     

Confirmatory factor analysis of the post-event processing inventory in a community sample seeking self-help for social anxiety

Background: Post-event processing (PEP) refers to negative rumination following anxiety-inducing social situations. The Post-Event Processing Inventory (PEPI; Blackie & Kocovski, 2017, Development and validation of the trait and state versions of the post-event processing inventory. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 30, 202–218.) consists of both trait and state forms. Although the psychometric properties of the PEPI have been very good in past research, the factor structure of the scale was examined with student samples only.

Objectives: The primary purpose of the present study was to confirm the factor structure of the PEPI with a sample of individuals seeking self-help for social anxiety and shyness.

Design and Method: Individuals interested in receiving self-help (N?=?155) completed a battery of questionnaires, including the trait and state forms of the PEPI.

Results: On each version of the scale, we confirmed that a second-order factor (global PEP) could be inferred from three first-order factors (frequency, intensity, and self-judgment).

Conclusions: The hierarchical factor structure of the PEPI in the present study is consistent with previous research. The findings from the present study illustrate the utility of the PEPI amongst a community sample of individuals seeking self-help for social anxiety.     

Towards the Good Life: A Population Survey of Dimensions of Quality of Life

The aim of the analyses presented here was to explore subjective and objective components and predictors of self-rated quality of life (QoL). The vehicle for the study was a questionnaire module on perceptions of quality of life, which was commissioned by the authors for inclusion in the Office of National Statistics (ONS) Omnibus Survey in Great Britain. For the survey, 2033 randomly sampled adults aged 16 and over were interviewed in their own homes (77% response rate). Multiple regression analyses showed that relatively little of the variance in overall QoL ratings was explained by the objective, socio-demographic indicators (5%), and the addition of the health status indicator (reported longstanding illness) contributed nothing. The subjective ratings of life in self-nominated areas of importance explained the most, with those who did not prioritise the area at all as the referent (relationships, finances, own health, others' health, work and social life). These variables contributed over twice as much as the objective and health status variables, indicating the relative importance of self-nominated 'important areas of life' over theoretically important, objective variables and reported illness. However, the final model still only explained a modest amount of the variance in quality of life ratings (16%), confirming the amorphous nature of quality of life.     

过敏性皮肤病患者的生活质量分析及心理关怀

过敏性皮肤病的皮损和瘙痒给患者的心理带来了一系列的问题,分析患者的生活质量并关注其心理状态,对专业人员进行培训,给予患者心理关怀,对患者家属进行教育才能最终达到改善或治疗疾病的目。     

用验证性因素分析法对控制源量表的分析研究

验证性因素分析方法克服了传统的探索性因素分析的不足,为心理学发展和研究的精细化、数学化提供了更可行的途径。本研究运用验证性因素分析方法对心理控制源量表进行了分析研究,研究发现L1SREL软件对SPSS不能分析出来的因素可以进一步地给予精确数据。     

肾移植患者生存质量及影响因素分析

探讨肾移植患者的生存质量及影响因素。采用健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)调查广州地区医疗机构145例肾移植受者移植前和移植后6个月的生存质量。移植后6个月患者的生存质量评分较移植前有明显提高。文化程度、有无配偶、经济状况、肾源、健康知识掌握程度等因素对患者的生存质量影响较大。医护人员应为肾移植患者提供个性化护理,以提高患者的生存质量。     

The Body Image Quality of Life Inventory: further validation with college men and women

The Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) was recently developed to quantify both the positive and negative effects of body image on one’s psychosocial quality of life. The current study was conducted to further validate the measure with both men and women and to evaluate its psychometric reliability and validity among college students (N=603). Results confirmed that the 19-item measure was an internally consistent and unidimensional measure for both sexes. A significantly more favorable body image quality of life was reported by men than women, by African American than White women, and by women with lower body mass indices. Significant body image correlates included body image evaluation, investment, and situational dysphoria. A better body image quality of life was also related to higher self-esteem, optimism, and social support for both sexes and to less eating disturbance among women. The potential utility of this construct and unique instrument in further research, especially with medical populations, is discussed.     

癌症患者生存质量研究进展

随着癌症患者生存时间和生存人数的增加,生存者本人和家属更加重视生存质量。本文总结分析近年来国内外癌症患者生存质量的研究状况,以期在癌症治疗过程中,不仅关注躯体功能和疾病本身以及由治疗带来的症状和体征,同时注重心理和社会职能。     

垂体腺瘤诊疗过程中应重视对垂体腺瘤患者生命质量评估

垂体腺瘤是一种常见的颅内神经内分泌肿瘤,约占颅内肿瘤的10%~15%,常伴有不同程度的肿瘤占位效应(头痛、视力受损等)、功能性腺瘤引起的激素水平过高和正常垂体受压破坏引起的垂体功能低下等症状,因此多数患者的生命质量受到影响。随着生物-心理-社会医学模式理念的逐步深入,除了关注患者的内分泌紊乱、肿瘤大小以及肿瘤引起的症状外,患者的生命质量也应该受到密切关注。本文将针对国内外对垂体腺瘤患者生命质量评估的相关进展进行综述。     

The dimensionality of the Work Related Flow Inventory (WOLF): a South African study

The objective of this study was to validate and explore the factor structure of the Work-Related Flow Inventory (WOLF) as a measure of flow within the South African work context. The sample consisted of N?=?415 employees from various organisations in South Africa (females?=?56.8%, White?=?67.8%, single?=?46%, English?=?34.6%, 18 to 30?=?76.4% and various types of industries and positions). They completed the Work Related Flow Inventory (WOLF), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and the Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the WOLF has three dimensions, consisting of absorption, work enjoyment and intrinsic work motivation that fit the data best. The findings further suggest that absorption and work enjoyment relates to work engagement. Convergent validity evidence indicated work absorption, work enjoyment and intrinsic motivation to correlate with both work engagement and job satisfaction in a South African working context. Work enjoyment had the strongest link with job satisfaction.     

Religion and Spirituality in Quality of Life Studies

The authors present their views on the current state of the art for research focused upon religion/spirituality and quality of life. Because of the undeniable influence of religion and spirituality at the macro-level of cultures, the internal and external worlds of individuals embedded in any culture are touched by religion and spirituality – even for individuals who deny any religious affiliation or beliefs. Religion and spirituality has already attracted attention from QOL researchers across a wide set of disciplines and should continue to do so in the future. The authors discuss approaches, topics and methodological issues that should be considered when researching religion/spirituality and QOL. Recommendations for future research are set in italics.     

中国大陆宁养照顾对癌症末期患者生活质量之影响

宁养工作强调全人的照顾,不但能维持原有的生活方式,而且能提高生活的品质。本研究旨在探讨癌症末期患者在宁养照顾介入后,生活质量的改变。研究分为试验组（n=630）和对照组（n=241）。研究的结果显示癌症末期患者经过宁养介入后,其身、心、灵、社会之生活品质大幅度改善。而对照组患者仅在身体生活质量方面有显著改变。因此对医疗人员、社会大众的临终关怀观念的推广及教育是迫切需要的,立法更是不容忽视的课题,正确的立法才能真正推动宁养工作的发展。