大学生人格因素的性别差异研究

本研究通过对246名大学生施测16PF,分析了16种人格因素的性别差异现象。结果表明：在恃强、怀疑、幻想、紧张这四个因素上存在性别差异,表现为男生比女生更好强、固执,更爱怀疑、紧张,女生比男生更富于幻想;在世故性上,女生的变异率大于男生,女生表现出两极分化特征;经探索性因素分析结果表明,男女生所提取出的因子数量相同,但男女生的因子结构有些差异。     

Personality Correlates of College Age Bulimics

This study was conducted to examine the relationships between bulimia and the personality characteristics of assertiveness, masculinity, femininity, masculinity-femininity, and externality. The results showed low but statistically significant negative relationships between assertiveness, masculinity, and masculinity-femininity and high bulimia test scores, and even greater predictive ability was obtained when these variables were combined.     

Positive Personality Traits as Predictors of Psychotherapy Progress

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy - The objectives of this paper were to study if the traits of the Positive Personality Model (PPM; de la Iglesia and Castro Solano, in Front Psychol 9:2025,...     

时间变量对大学新生人格特质的影响

以台湾地区某大学新生,从1998至2003共六届3141人为对象,分析人格改变情形,统计结果发现13项人格特质的赖氏人格量表中达显著差异的有6项,包括社会外向、攻击性、变异性、神经质、自卑感及虚伪性。性别分析达显著差异的共7项,包括活动性、客观性、协调性、攻击性、变异性、自卑感及神经质;男学生显著高于女学生的有活动性及攻击性,女学生显著高于男学生的有客观性、协调性、变异性、自卑感及神经质。结果显示在时间变量中,大学新生的人格的确发生了转变。     

Personality of College Under-Achievers Who Improve with Group Psychotherapy

The 16 PF and a rating scale were given to a group of college underachievers and the following subgroups emerged: 38 test responders (TR) who were not interested in group therapy, an experimental (E) group containing 19 subjects who received group therapy, and a control (C) group containing 13 subjects who were interested in but did not receive group therapy. After an interval of about 17 weeks, and following the termination of group therapy for the E group, data on academic improvement were obtained. The results indicate: (a) significantly greater academic improvement in the E group than in the C group; (b) higher correlations between certain adaptive or “healthy” personality variables and academic improvement in the E group than in the TR and C groups.     

中国大学生人格障碍的现状调查

目的:对我国在校大学生人格障碍进行筛查,并探讨人格障碍阳性率与某些社会人口学变量的关系.方法:采用人格诊断问卷(Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 , PDQ-4 )对全国西北、东北、华北、华东、华南、华中、西南七个行政区21个城市26所高校的4811名学生进行测查,以分量表分5～6分为人格障碍亚型划界分计算阳性率.结果:(1)全体大学生样本12种人格障碍亚型的阳性检出率在1.2%～27.6%之间,最高为表演型(27.6%),最低为分裂样型(1.2%);(2)男生偏执型、分裂型、反社会型、自恋型、强迫型、被动攻击型的阳性率显著高于女性,依赖型阳性率显著低于女生;(3)农村家庭学生、单亲家庭和寄养家庭学生、贫困家庭学生人格障碍阳性率较高;(4)独生与非独生学生之间,自然科学与人文社科专业学生之间人格障碍阳性率互有高低.结论:当前我国大学生中存在较严重的人格异常和人格障碍问题,男生较女生更严重.家庭经济贫困、低社会阶层、父母离异、不适当的养育方式等可能与子女的不健全人格和人格障碍的形成有关.     

Personality as a Prospective Vulnerability to Dysphoric Symptoms Among College Students: Proposed Mechanisms

Personality and psychopathology have long been associated; however, the mechanisms that account for this link are not well understood. Stress generation and cognitive vulnerability are examined as potential mechanisms to explain the association between negative emotionality and dysphoria. To evaluate these mechanisms, college students completed measures of personality, dysfunctional attitudes, negative cognitive style, dysphoric symptoms, and negative events. Two years later the same students reported on the occurrence of negative events and levels of dysphoric symptoms that they had experienced over the 2-year follow-up period. Consistent with hypotheses, negative emotionality predicted prospective increases in dysphoric symptoms and the generation of more stressors over time. Both dysfunctional attitudes and negative cognitive style interacted with these additional stressors to predict prospective elevations in dysphoria, and these cognitive vulnerability–stress components partially mediated the association between negative emotionality and future elevations of dysphoric symptoms.

Personality Differences and Sex Similarities in American and Indonesian College Students

Abstract

Male-female personality differences have been assumed but seldom empirically demonstrated. American and Indonesian college students were assessed for personality traits by the Cattell Clinical Analysis Questionnaire in the appropriate language. Predicted differences based on culture and nationality were found. Despite the cultural differences, similar sex differences were also found. Women of both groups were higher than their male counterparts on warmth, emotionality, prudence, sensitivity, and conformity; men were higher than their counterparts on emotional stability, dominance, and impulsivity. These findings support Chodorow's theory of universal differences in male and female personalities based on the universal role of the woman as the caretaker of the young.     

工科院校大学生网络成瘾与人格特征的关系

目的了解工科院校大学生网络成瘾现状及其与人格特征的关系,为多方面理解网络成瘾及其矫治提供依据。方法采取随机抽样的方法从西安市某工科院校抽取学生共262人,用网络成瘾量表和艾森克人格量表对研究对象进行测试。结果网络成瘾检出率为41.8%;男生网络成瘾程度显著高于女生;大三、大四学生网络成瘾程度显著高于大一学生,大三学生成瘾程度显著高于大二学生和大四学生;大学生的网络成瘾程度与神经质、精神质呈显著的正相关,与掩饰性呈显著的负相关,与内外向的相关不显著。结论人格特征在一定程度上可以预测网络成瘾的程度。     

高校贫困生的个性特征及心理健康状况

随着我国市场经济的发展及高校收费制度的改革,1994年来高校招生并轨制度开始实行,高校收费攀高。部分来自农村或城市贫困家庭的大学生,经济压力增大。     

Factor Analysis of MCMI-II and PACL Basic Personality Scales in a College Sample

This study examined factor dimensions common to the eight basic personality scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxiat Inventory-II (MCMI-II; Millon, 1987) and Personality Adjective Check List (PACL; Strack, 1987, 1990). Subjects were 140 college students (65 men and 75 women). MCMI-II weighted raw scores (WRS) and WRS corrected for number of items endorsed true by regression were employed for analysis along with PACL T-scores. Principal components analyses with varimax and direct oblimin rotations were carried out separately on the two sets of MCMI-II and PACL scores. MCMI-II and PACL scales measuring the same personalities were usually correlated most highly with each other, although some divergences were noted. WRS yielded three bipolar dimensions and a fourth unipolar method factor that loaded only the five MCMI-II scales that were strongly correlated with number of items endorsed true. Residual scores yielded a more meaningful set of three bipolar dimensions labeled Social IntroversionExtraversion, Emotionality-Restraint, and Social Dominance-Submissiveness, without the method factor, that were very similar to personality dimensions found separately in the two tests. More research is needed to clarify the response bias issue in the MCMI-II and to further explicate similarities and differences between the MCMI-II and the PACL.     

Personality Traits and Metacognitions as Predictors of Positive Mental Health in College Students

Presence and absence of both psychological distress and well-being are important in predicting life outcomes among youths. Recently, scholars have been paying increased attention to the role of positive mental health (PMH) in predicting psycho-social well-being among young people. The present study aims to test a model designed to assess the unique contribution of personality traits and metacognitions to four domains of PMH (belief-in-self, belief-in-others, emotional competence, and engaged living) among young adults. A total of 795 Italian college students participated in the study. Path analysis revealed that different personality traits were contributors to different PMH domains, and that four of the five metacognitions domains (negative beliefs about thoughts, cognitive confidence, need to control thoughts, and cognitive self-consciousness) differently predicted the four PMH domains. In conclusion it would appear that a combination of personality traits and metacognitions are differently involved in PMH domains. These should be taken into account when developing preventive programmes to promote PMH among young adults.     

College Students Use Implicit Personality Theory Instead of Safer Sex1

Many college students engage in high levels of unsafe sexual behavior that puts them at risk for HIV infection. To better understand the dynamics underlying college students' unsafe behavior, focus group discussions were conducted with 308 students (146 men and 162 women). The results showed that, instead of consistently using condoms, many college students use implicit personality theories to judge the riskiness of potential sexual partners. Specifically, partners whom college students know and like are not perceived to be risky, even if what students know about these individuals is irrelevant to HIV status. The students determine the riskiness of partners they do not know well based on superficial characteristics that are also generally unrelated to HIV status. Therefore, AIDS prevention interventions for college students must expose the ineffectiveness of the students' use of implicit personality theories to determine potential partners' riskiness, and the “know your partner” safer sex guideline should be abandoned.     

Prospective Prediction of College Adjustment Using Self- and Informant-Rated Personality Traits

Summary: While the Activity Preference Questionnaire (APQ) appears to provide unusually pure and subtle measures of anxiety proneness, its forced choice format involves several drawbacks. Data are presented which suggest that a rating format can be used which avoids the disadvantages of the forced choice format but incorporates its advantages.     

某大学学生的DISC人格特质调查分析

目的：了解某大学学生的人格特质。方法：本研究以184名学生为被试,通过SPSS11.5统计软件进行统计分析。结果：①该大学学生的人格特质类型以稳定性-S型为主,其中,S-1和S-2类型的居多;②性别差异在人格特质的服从性上差异显著,其中,男生的服从性高于女生的服从性;③学历差异在人格特质的稳定性上差异显著,其中,本科生的稳定性高于研究生的稳定性。结论：本研究能从某一程度上反映该大学学生的人格特质。     

Personality Adjustment in College Students With a Parent Perceived as Alcoholic or Nonalcoholic

Adjustment of 547 college students was examined by the variables of alcoholic parentage and participant gender. Results from a multivariate analysis of variance, using the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms, indicated significant main effects for gender but not for alcoholic parentage. Significant gender differences occurred for alcohol abuse, drug abuse, paranoid psychosis, affective depression, anxiety disorders, psychological factors affecting physical condition, immature character, and neurotic character. Findings suggest that college students from alcoholic homes should not be distinguished from the general population in terms of their adjustment.