Factors Influencing Military Personnel Utilizing Chaplains: A Literature Scoping Review

Journal of Religion and Health - Chaplains have been embedded in military settings for over a millennium. In recent years however, the decline in spiritual/religious (S/R) affiliation of military...     

繁殖感的个体差异及其影响因素

繁殖感是成年中期心理社会发展的主要任务,表现在生产能力、养育后代、人际和社会关怀以及领导能力等方面,包含关注、承诺、行动等维度,并以多种形式存在于生命周期的多个阶段。近来研究表明,繁殖感强调个体积极的存在和发展模式,对人际关系与社会和谐也具有促进作用。繁殖感的个体差异可表现在状态水平、年龄、性别角色等方面,主要受社会文化、个体内在期望以及父母教养方式等因素的影响。未来研究将从测量方法的整合,繁殖感与主观幸福感的关系等方面展开。     

错误记忆影响因素的实验研究

本研究采用DRM范式,考察了关联性、学习程度和时间间隔对错误记忆的影响,结果表明:(1)低学习程度和中学习程度下的再认错误率显著高于高学习程度下的再认错误率,说明错误记忆随着学习程度的增加而降低;(2)低关联程度下的再认错误率显著低于中关联程度和高关联程度下的再认错误率,说明关联性高低是引发错误记忆的重要变量;(3)时间间隔对错误再认率没有影响,说明错误记忆不具有时间上的衰退效应,一旦产生后极其顽固,不容易消退,可能更多地受无意识加工的影响。实验结果揭示了错误记忆与真实记忆之间存在着较为复杂的关系。真实记忆可能是错误记忆的根源,而二者的关系在不同影响因素条件下则既有共变又有分离。     

Creativity and Religiosity: A Reanalysis with Regional Predictors

Building on previous research showing a negative relationship between conservatism and creativity, the present investigation focused specifically on religiosity in the context of the United States. Because of the association between conservatism and religiosity, creativity might have a negative association with religiosity, too. To this end, individuallevel and regional data were matched by linking responses to psychometric measures such as Attitudes and Values toward Creativity to regional data such as church attendance. These analyses controlled other regional variables including education, diversity, and socio-economic status. Two-level analyses with individual data at Level 1 and county data at Level 2 indicated that people from more religious locations held less positive attitudes and values toward creativity and rated their environment as less creative. On the other hand, creative personality, ideational behavior and creative achievement were not significantly related to religiosity. Those analyses provided evidence that creativity and religiosity have a negative relationship in terms of people's attitudes and values toward creativity as well as their perceptions of environment for creativity. Findings were discussed in terms of types of religiosity and other socio-cultural variables.     

初中青少年自尊发展趋势及影响因素的追踪分析

本研究采用纵向追踪设计, 从整合的视角考察了亲子关系、师生关系、学业压力以及认知自主对初中青少年自尊发展水平和趋势的影响。结果发现：(1)从初一到初三, 青少年的自尊水平和认知自主水平呈现显著的上升趋势, 师生关系亲密度呈现显著的下降趋势, 亲子关系和学业压力没有明显变化; (2)亲子关系和认知自主对初中青少年的自尊发展有着显著的促进作用, 学业压力对初中青少年的自尊发展有着明显的抑制作用, 师生关系对初中青少年的自尊发展没有明显影响。     

影响教师职业认同的相关因素分析

本研究利用自编问卷对177名中小学教师职业认同状况进行了调查,结果显示:(1)我国教师的职业认同总体水平较高;(2)教师职业认同存在显著的性别、职称差异;(3)中学与小学教师的职业认同存在显著的差异;(4)不同职业动机、工资满意度的教师的职业认同存在显著的差异。     

旅游决策影响因素研究

本研究采用自编的《旅游决策影响因素问卷》,对旅游决策的影响因素,进行了调查研究。结果发现．旅游决策的影响因素．可以分成六个类别．即旅游服务因素、社会支持因素、群体支持因素、个人心理因素、个人社会经济因素,以及其他因素。此外．旅游决策还受决策者的人口统计学特征的制约。     

坡度知觉及其影响因素的研究进展

人们对于地表斜坡的知觉是非常不准确的,通常表现为对坡度估计过高。但是,研究发现,在以行为的方式对坡度进行模拟时,所模拟的坡度值却与实际坡度基本一致。这种面对同一视觉线索出现的视知觉与行为不一致的现象即为坡度知觉中的“知觉-行为分离”。本文回顾了影响坡度知觉的各种因素,涉及视觉线索、认知判断、感觉通道、生理状态以及报告方式等方面的研究,并对坡度知觉的未来研究进行了展望。     

青少年情绪弹性的影响因素研究

影响青少年情绪弹性的个体变量主要包括性别、年龄等背景变量和其他心理变量。研究对830名中学生的情绪弹性进行了调查,结果表明,性别与年龄变量对青少年情绪弹性不产生实质性影响,说明青少年情绪弹性具有相对稳定的心理特性;心理弹性、人格特质、情绪调节能力及自我效能与青少年情绪弹性存在显著相关,并对后者产生显著的预测效应;负性情绪认知调节能力和神经质是影响青少年情绪弹性的两个主要心理变量,神经质还以负性情绪认知调节能力为中介变量对青少年情绪弹性产生间接影响。     

“时间流”:概念、维度及影响因素初探

"时间流"(timeflow)是指从行为体验的角度来定义时间,即个体在当前某项活动中所感知到行为体验的时间过程,塑造"时间流"的维度包括:外部场景的塑造、自身肢体动作的配合、活动规则的初步感知、目标情感的逐渐融入、文化喻义的深入联想。影响个体"时间流"的主要因素包括感知和情绪,"时间流"也会影响消费体验和幸福体验。未来应关注时间"双扭结"价值函数如何影响人们的行为决策及验证"时间流"五个维度之间的耦合关系。     

Personal and Situational Determinants of Personality Responses: A Partial Reanalysis and Reinterpretation of the Schmit et al. (1995) Data

Using generalizability theory, a partial reanalysis and reinterpretation of the Schmit et al. (1995) data was conducted with undergraduate students who were asked to respond to both noncontextualized and work-specific versions of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1989) either honestly (N = 100) or as if they were applying for a job (N = 100). Results indicated that the person variance was larger in the applicant compared to the general instructions condition, that the person × situation interaction accounted for significant variance across all scales included in the study (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness), that these person × situation effects were attenuated in the applicant instructions condition as compared to the general instructions condition, and that responses to the Neuroticism scale were most affected by this interaction. Implications for the use of personality constructs in personnel selection include a shift from concerns of faking to a concern for proper contextualization of personality measures with the goal of maximizing prediction of work-related behavior.     

The General Factor of Personality and Character: A Reanalysis

Using data from the Texas Twin Project, it was recently reported that 7 measures of character covaried to the extent that they formed a general factor of character (Tucker-Drob, Briley, Engelhardt, Mann, &; Harden, 2016 Tucker-Drob, E. M., Briley, D. A., Engelhardt, L. E., Mann, F. D., &; Harden, K. P. (2016). Genetically-mediated associations between measures of childhood character and academic achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111, 790–815. doi:10.1037/pspp0000098.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). In turn the relationship between the general factor of character and the Big Five personality traits were examined. It was found that personality was associated with the general factor of character primarily through the traits of conscientiousness and openness. For several reasons we propose that a more accurate interpretation of the data is that a Big Five personality traits form a general factor of personality, and that the relationship between the general character factor and personality is primarily through the general factor of personality. The results lend some support to this contention and are discussed in relation to the growing interest in covariation among multiple personality traits.     

影响儿童情绪自我调节的因素

情绪自我调节较多的研究主要集中在有关情绪自我调节的表现方式和发展阶段水平方面,本文则从情绪自我调节的积极指向方面探讨其影响因素,认为大脑成熟顺序、社会认知发展及文化宗教等方面的因素影响着儿童的情绪自我调节.为对儿童的发展进行更好的干预提供依据.     

影响汉语动词、名词识别因素的回归分析

采用回归分析的方法,考察了6个因素对汉语动词、名词识别的影响。结果表明,各变量间有一定的相关,也有相对的独立性。词频、获得年龄和义符熟悉性对词汇识别有显著影响。情境获得性与具体性相关显著,当回归模型中包含情境获得性时,具体性的作用减弱。获得年龄与义符熟悉性在名词回归方程中的解释量大于在动词中的。汉语动词和名词的回归模式既与拼音文字有明显差异,也有一定的共性。这是由汉字的特殊性和语言的共性共同决定的。     

创造性自我效能：内涵、影响因素和干预

创造性自我效能是指在特定的情境下, 个体对自己有能力根据任务要求产生新颖的、原创性的和适宜的想法、解决方案或行为的信念, 是个体一般自我效能的一部分。现有常用的创造性自我效能问卷较为简化、维度单一且缺乏效度, 而新近开发的问卷缺乏实证证据。人口学变量、个体变量和工作背景变量都能影响创造性自我效能, 创造性自我效能可以预测创造性, 且有较高的可塑性和长期的训练效果, 因此对于培养创造性具有重要意义。未来的研究更应该关注学校情境下创造性自我效能的培养。     

沉没成本效应的产生根源与影响因素

沉没成本效应是指决策者的决策行为因受沉没成本影响而产生的一种非理性决策现象。针对这一决策偏差的产生根源,研究者从认知、动机和神经三个角度提出了解释。沉没成本效应的影响因素包括沉没成本特性、情境因素、个体差异和文化差异等。基于先前研究存在的问题和不足,沉没成本效应的未来研究应着眼于改进研究方法,探究产生根源,关注行为沉没成本和加强应用研究。