Clinical Study Reflections: Another View

Federal regulations are the minimum requirements for conducting clinical studies. Some innovation would improve the situation of many involved in these studies, including: study subjects, those who monitor studies, and clinical investigators as well as Institutional Review Boards. Respecting patient and whistle-blower input; appreciating research staff contributions; and implementing a systems and partnership approach would foster quality and advance clinical research.     

Another View of the Gender-Status Relation

Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Gerber (2009) proposes an integration of status and gender stereotypes with status mediating the influence of gender. In her model, status is assumed to explain gender stereotypes, as well as self perceptions of such traits and their evaluation. The person-situation personality literature, cross-cultural gender research, and developmental studies of gender stereotypes and behavior are reviewed. A different model, based on Mischel and Shoda’s (1995) Cognitive-Affective Personality System (CAPS), is proposed in which status has a moderating effect, but gender plays the more critical role in determining how gendered behaviors and characteristics develop and are evaluated.     

Another View of AACD and Its Journals

In this invited response to Weinrach's article, “Some Serious and Some Not So Serious Reactions to AACD and Its Journals,” it is a bit difficult to know at what level or with what tone one should react. Like any work of comedy or parody, Weinrach's piece is presumably intended to be a caricature of the reality of AACD and its journals as he views them. My problem is that I am not always sure from his analysis which of his comments he intends to be serious and which he does not. One might expect to find, in any caricature, kernels of truth that are exaggerated for effect. In this instance, they are difficult to ferret out. Although I prefer to simply express another view rather than debate his perspectives point for point, many of the observations that he makes are not supported by my own experience or perceptions. Maybe these are the parts of his paradigm intended not to be serious reactions.     

Youth at Risk: Another Point of View

In this rejoinder to Tidwell and Corona Garrett (1994), the authors discuss three important aspects of the term at risk that help to clarify its meaning.     

Another View of School Reform: Values and Ethics Restored

The article discusses a need for action in teaching values and morality in the public schools to gain control of the social problems that hinder school learning. Moral and ethical education are necessary to support parents and the community in teaching appropriate civic and moral values. Problems affecting school learning were substantiated by data collected from a national sample of public school principals reporting an alarming number of serious problems in the schools related to the home and society. Through teacher education programs, teachers must be prepared to provide moral education. Suggestions are offered to address the moral education of children and youth.     

人的科学:潘光旦的科学观

潘光旦提倡的人的科学,既是对西方自然科学过于重视知识与技术、忽视对于人生价值的反思,也是对五四运动以来唯科学主义思潮、科玄论战的回应。在潘光旦看来,科学是一门学问而非技术,强调理性与客观事实。只有用这样的科学研究作为社会基本单位的人,了解并合理地解决人的心理与情感等问题,才能从根本上发挥科学对于人类社会的价值。潘光旦对于优生学与性科学的研究,正是他试图推动人的科学的努力。这一努力在其学术生涯的后期被整合进他的新人文思想理论体系中,这既接续了中国传统儒学思想中的人本主义,又借鉴了西方生物学理论中重视人的文明资源,并在根本上构成了潘光旦反思现代科学发展、重塑科学与人文互动的重要成果。     

Another View of G. H. von Wright

This Note is a response to Thomas Wallgren’s “Georg Henrik von Wright: a Memorial Notice” (Philosophical Investigations, January, 2005). I contend that Wallgren gave an account of von Wright’s work that is sometimes erroneous and generally off‐key. I offer a more accurate account and defend it against those who view his work with suspicion: analytical philosophers, Wittgensteinians and intellectuals who hoped for a more engaged participation in public life. Wallgren also wrote that von Wright probably had no close friends, which I show to be absurd.     

左翼SSK科学观质评

左翼SSK科学观是后现代反科学的、新蒙昧主义的科学观的典型代表。拒斥分析、提倡跨越式综合是后现代反科学思潮的主题径路。在SSK看来,科学是勾勒姆、科学是集体约定或信念(或信仰)、科学知识是社会建构的、是男性主义的产物,是左翼SSK科学观的几个著名论断。这类论断隐含着反科学、取消知识差异、马桶和茶杯不分、智慧与技能颠倒、观念与实在错位、否定人类智慧存在等问题。因其业已汇聚成为一股庞大的潮流,剖析和反思这股后现代的、反科学的蒙昧主义潮流,有助于揩去被左翼蒙尘的科学观,恢复其应有色彩。     

Nested Deontic Modalities: Another View of Parking on Highways

A suggestion is made for representing iterated deontic modalities in stit theory, the “seeing-to-it-that” theory of agency. The formalization is such that normative sentences are represented as agentive sentences and therefore have history dependent truth conditions. In contrast to investigations in alethic modal logic, in the construction of systems of deontic logic little attention has been paid to the iteration... of the deontic modalities. L. Goble (1966, p. 197) N. Belnap and P. Bartha (1995) present a formalization of iterated deontic modalities in stit theory, the “seeing-to-it-that” theory of agency, due to Belnap, Perloff, and Xu (1996). In the present paper a simplification of Belnap and Bartha's approach is suggested. In order to support easy comparison with (1995), I shall take up Belnap and Bartha's discussion of R. Barcan Marcus' (1966) example Parking on highways ought to be forbidden. The simplified account underlines the power of stit theory and represents obligations, prohibitions and permissions as agentive sentences, as required by iteration. Therefore, in particular, the truth of obligations, prohibitions and permissions is it history dependent. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

从科学的角度对自性的思考

自性是精神的基态、精神的零点。佛学的“种子”、“藏识”,可能就是人类在漫长的自然进化中所获得的全部成果,都积淀、内化和浓缩到现实机体的遗传因子中,通过它而得到巩固和保存,又通过遗传方式传给后代,由此建构了人类种系历史延续和发展的链条,人类精神基态就是有赖于此链条。如何开发此精神基态?人体内有没有不接收内、外界信号或信息的生理条件呢?如果有,这可能就是精神基态的生理基础,这可能就是神秘的“自性”。当出现这种寂静并非昏沉,而是高度的清醒状态时,神经细胞固有的振动,最小自振动,则能自我察觉,于是出现所谓见性。     

Product Owner Manuals: An Exploratory Study of Nonreaders Versus Readers1

Empirical literature relating to the use of product owner manual information is sparse, despite the fact that the topic holds important marketplace safety implications. This study employed a survey methodology to explore manual-specific psychographic as well as demographic variables. Discriminant analysis found prior experience and time considerations to be among the most important variables in differentiating between nonreaders and readers of manuals. Results are discussed within the context of Russo's (1988) cost-benefit framework related to information usage. Following this perspective, we offer some initial ideas for programs aimed at increasing nonreaders' utilization of manuals.     

论马克思主义科学技术观的伦理维度

马克思主义对科学技术与伦理价值的关系作了辩证的分析,既充分肯定了科学技术在社会发展中的伟大作用,又以系统的技术整体论超越了技术决定论,强调科学技术的作用是在生产力的系统结构中实现的。在分析科学技术的负面效应时,深刻揭示了科学技术在资本主义制度下的价值偏向,以制度批判超越了对科学技术的批判。马克思主义把科学技术与伦理价值置于人类社会历史背景之中,在人类实践基础上融通了两者的关系。     

从基因科学角度对人类心理行为的探讨

随着基因科学的不断发展,对基因与人类心理行为之间关系的研究大量涌现。本文对此类研究进行了简要的介绍,列举了三个主要阶段。并提出了几点在研究中需要注意的问题。     

The Content of Experimental Manuals in Psychology

Murphy, G. An Historical Introduction to Modern Psychology. (Supplement by H. Klüver.) New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1929. Pp. xvii+470. Reviewed by G. S. Brett.

Pillsbury, W. B. The History of Psychology. New York: Norton, 1929. Pp. 326. Reviewed by G. S. Brett.     

必须关注防止医学领域内的唯心科学观

对医学科学领域内存在的和某些一度充斥的唯心科学观的社会表现进行分析,从过程管理和科学方法论的重要性入手,提出防范学术腐败和发展医学科学的方法和措施,从教育和民生的角度探讨医务工作者和社会学家必须关注的医学领域内的唯心科学观,并举例说明医学工作者的科学道德自律和社会责任感的重要性。     

从管理伦理看管理学的发展

管理与伦理结合涉及管理目的、管理者、管理对象、管理职能、管理方法等各个方面,是一个重大的管理问题。它既不是操作层次的问题,也不是管理原则的问题,而恰恰是观念层次的问题,是经营、管理与伦理有没有联系、要不要结合的观念问题。这一观念的变革将导致管理原则、管理程序、管理方法、管理技巧的一系列变革。与传统管理相比,它引发的变革无疑是根本性的。     

从复杂性科学的角度分析干燥综合征分类标准优化发展

复杂性科学是一个将哲学理念与现代化技术体系相结合的新兴学科,作为前沿科学已广泛应用于自然科学及社会科学多领域,但鲜有在风湿免疫病领域的应用研究.干燥综合征是医学界最为困惑的复杂病种之一,本文试从复杂性科学的自组织与他组织机制、涌现性、适应性与动态有序性的角度出发,分析干燥综合征的发病机制及若干分类标准,探索了复杂性科学思维在临床诊断中的应用价值.     

从医学看巫术、宗教与科学的关系

医学是巫术、宗教、科学三者联系最多的门类,巫术在我国-始终盛行。近２０年有所抬头 ,其原因非常复杂。区别巫术与宗教、巫术与科学,是减少巫术危害最基本的方法。就此问题进行了深入阐述。     

骨科学的新进展及其在治疗中的应用

现代各学科的交叉和融汇已经使骨科的临床诊疗技术有了革命性的进展,医学各学科之间以及医学与其它学科之间的交叉引用、促进发展体现了哲学体系中“综合”的概念。通过对近年来骨科发展的一些新思路的浅见来窥探综合理念在本领域应用的前景,试图阐明从学科交叉寻找合理且有前景的增长点也是未来骨科发展的必由之路。