Primitive group process and therapist technique: An approach to short-term inpatient group therapy

In this paper seven formations of primitive group life are portrayed: the cocoon group and two pathological subformations within it — the fusion phenomenon and the isolation phenomenon; the symbiotic group; the emerging identities group; the common griping group; and the give- and- take group. Three broad categories of technical intervention are outlined for treating primitive groups depending upon which formation is occurring: enhancement of group safety; advancement of identity formation; and encouragement of discussion. The thesis of this paper is that therapists can work more comfortably and successfully in primitive groups with an awareness of primitive group life and with the use of therapist responses that address themselves to primitive levels of experience.     

Group climate and group development in a community meeting on a short-term inpatient psychiatric unit

Group climate and group development of the community meeting on a short-term inpatient psychiatric unit are examined. The Group Climate Questionnaire (GCQ) was administered to all staff and patients present at the weekly community meeting on an acute treatment unit in a teaching hospital over a 12-week period. Results show that staff and patients perceive the community meetings in relatively similar ways, that the group climate of a community meeting can attain a positive working state, and that, at times, the meeting can progress through developmental stages of group process. Behavioral observations support the GCQ as a measure of group interaction.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Mary Pat Donnelly with the statistical analyses and the cooperation of all staff and patients who participated in this study.     

A time-limited dynamic approach to adolescent inpatient group psychotherapy

In response to sharply curtailed lengths of stay of adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric program, new therapeutic modalities need to be implemented. A time-limited dynamic approach to adolescent inpatient group psychotherapy is presented. The model integrates psychoanalytic and crisis theory into a group format. The primary focus in this model is upon resolution of problematic interpersonal interactions as they are related to the current crisis state. The group process, as related to the adolescent, involves three phases. These include an initial intake phase, which incorporates an ego-functioning assessment; a second or middle phase which focuses on making actions ego-alien; and the termination phase, which incorporates the learning experience and how it relates to the resolution of precipitators of the admission.     

Group therapy with schizophrenic patients: a short-term, homogeneous approach

The author presents a short-term, homogeneous model for treating schizophrenic patients in discussion-oriented therapy groups. Typically, patients attend nine sessions in the open inpatient groups and 12 sessions in the closed outpatient groups. The two goals of this co-therapy approach are to help patients cope with psychotic experiences and improve their interpersonal relationships. Discussions focus on hallucinations, delusions, loose associations, and maladaptive relationships, and anxiety-producing topics are avoided. The format is interaction-oriented and emphasizes the here and now. Empirical evidence supports the value of this short-term group therapy approach when it is used in conjunction with antipsychotic medications and long-term follow-up.     

Alcoholics in inpatient,short-term interactional group psychotherapy: an outcome study

The differential outcome of 100 psychiatric inpatients distinguished by the presence/absence of secondary alcoholism was examined in shortterm closed group psychotherapy. Alcoholics did not differ from the general sample in outcome, but displayed distinct active/aggressive personality features. Group outcome was not affected by the presence/absence of alcoholic members.     

A short-term grief and loss therapy group: Group members' experiences

Abstract

This article is an evaluative study of a short-term grief and loss therapy group conducted at a large Midwestern university's counseling center. The group was held for students who had experienced loss through death of a significant person. The author examines brief group psychotherapy, special considerations of the college student's grief experience, an adaptation of the brief group model for grieving students, and data gathered from the members of the therapy group. Students' scores on a grief instrument showed mixed results. Group members made journal entries at four times during the group experience. They reported that the group was a supportive and helpful experience; five of Yalom's (1995) eleven therapeutic factors could be discerned. Recommendations regarding the treatment of grieving students in a group setting are made.     

The psychological growth of women in a short-term inpatient group

This paper identifies ways in which a short-term inpatient group can support psychological growth of women. A four-stage developmental model of women's work in an inpatient group is described. In each stage, women achieve greater comfort in new modes of relating. Women also gain greater appreciation of their interpersonal strengths. In the first stage, women face issues related to autonomy and connection. In the second stage, women focus upon conflictual feelings in relation to authority. In the third stage, women address obstacles to the achievement of satisfying, intimate, peer-based relationships. In the fourth stage, women focus upon the issues of separation and loss that are precipitated by the termination of the group. At each stage, the developmental tasks women perform are contrasted with related but nonidentical tasks performed by men.The author wishes to thank Drs. Joan Cooper and Francine Deutsch for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper.     

Listening to the adolescent therapy group

This article reviews traditional psychodynamic views of listening to the manifest and latent content of the patient's communication. It then reviews the literature on the application of such listening in group treatment. The particular application of such listening and intervention in groups for adolescents with significant ego deficits is explored.     

Treatment outcome of an inpatient group therapy for couples

In this article, we present the outcomes of an inpatient group treatment programme for couples with complicated problems that need intensive therapy. Each group includes five couples who are admitted for seven weeks. They receive a range of verbal and non‐verbal therapies in a fixed weekly protocol. Outcome was measured by means of two self‐report questionnaires (SCL‐90 and IPSI) completed before and after the treatment programme and at six and eighteen months of follow‐up. The results show that clinical group therapy for these couples is effective.     

Recovery from sexual assault: an innovative two-stage group therapy model

This article describes an innovative two-stage model of sexual assault therapy groups for women in a university setting. This model is recommended for use in various settings and includes a supportive therapy group and two specialized therapy groups, one for childhood sexual abuse survivors and the other for sexual assault (acquaintance rape and stranger rape) survivors. Theoretical underpinnings of the model are discussed in addition to practical aspects of group development such as elements of an effective group, screening of potential members, and marketing and recruitment techniques.     

Through their own eyes: a media-based group approach to adolescent trauma

This paper describes the process of two groups of students from high schools located in the immediate vicinity of the World Trade Center grappling to make sense of the events of September 11 through the creation of a documentary chronicling their experiences. The process of creating these videos mirrored the process and curative factors of a psychotherapy group in a non-stigmatizing, innovative, and accessible format, one generated by the students themselves with the assistance of professionals in the visual and performing arts. After reviewing the literature on the potential impact of violence on adolescents and the use of group treatment, especially in school settings, as an optimal choice for this population, we describe the distinctive process of the two separate groups of students, each culminating in different expressions of their very personal experience of September 11. We understand and contextualize their process through the lens of the therapeutic dynamics and elements of group work.     

Group therapy with friends of an adolescent suicide

This paper describes a group of adolescents who met with a therapist after a friend had committed suicide. The purpose of the group was to discuss the feelings engendered by the suicide. The setting up of the group, an explanation of the victim's difficulties, and issues dealt with by the group are described.     

An experiential approach to the inpatient anger management group

Groups that target aggression on the inpatient milieu usually use psycho-educational and cognitive-behavioral techniques. In contrast, this article presents an experiential approach that targets the moment-by-moment experience within the inpatient group. It makes unique use of group-closing relaxation exercises that facilitate cohesion, consolidate the affectively charged material generated during the session, and reorganize patients' emotional/cognitive understanding of themselves and the world around them. These groups also give patients the opportunity to negotiate the affective residue associated with past aggressive acts, and the opportunity to examine the personal meaning and underlying assumptions behind ongoing group interactions. We describe several techniques or modes of intervention. The authors also use case examples to illustrate the theory, technique, and impact the approach can have on its members.