论民族主义--对民族主义问题的一种自由主义考察

虽然人类历史上民族的形成有着悠久的历史 ,但民族主义却是晚近以来的事情。从西方历史来看 ,民族伴随着现代民族国家的形成而产生。从大的历史框架来说 ,它是一种现代性的思想观念 ,具有现代政治的本质特性。我们知道 ,现代民族国家是西方政治历史中的一个转折性的事件 ,西方各主要民族在经历了中世纪的神权政治和基督教文化的洗礼后 ,逐渐形成了各自的政治国家。这类政治国家虽然在不同时期和不同地域表现出不同的政体形态 ,它们的形成呈现出政治共同体特有的复杂性和多样性 ,有的与王权专制相融合 ,有的与城市联盟相携手。但从总的方面来…     

马基雅维利的国家理性论

在西方近代国家理性学说的发展史上,马基雅维利居于非常重要的地位;他关于政治行为之目的、手段、结果以及政治情境中“必然性”的论述,揭示了国家理性学说的基本要点;他对宗教、道德、法律与政治之间关系的阐述,表明他是现代国家理性学说的开创者;围绕“马基雅维利主义”所产生的争论事实上都与国家理性问题本身的困境紧密联系在一起,关于马基雅维利思想的各种诠释进路与他的国家主义本身是相容的.     

从帝制中国、政党国家到宪制中国:中国现代国家建构的三次转型

中国的现代建国历程,可以概括为从帝制中国向现代中国转变的过程。在这一过程中,静态地展现了帝制中国、民族国家、政党国家与宪政国家四个国家面相。而动态地呈现出从帝制中国向现代国家转变的、三次结构性变迁的复杂过程。其中,民族国家的国家形态昙花一现,政党国家成为国家建构的主流形式。20世纪中国出现了由中国国民党与中国共产党创制的两个政党国家实体。但两个政党国家实体在不同处境中遭遇到难以克服的运作困难。迈向现代民族国家的规范运作形式———宪政国家,是中国国民党建构的政党国家实体既成的政治结局,而中国共产党的政党国家实体也以建构法治国家的形式,走向民族国家的立宪政体。     

“法兰西民族是一个”:近代法国政治语境中的概念、修辞与论辩

在近代早期的法国语境中,"民族"(nation)一词原本指涉多种义涵,但随着17-18世纪绝对主义国家的兴起,"多元"的意象逐渐被统摄为"一体"。在外部,同"异族"的区隔强化了法兰西民族的特殊性;在内部,对地方的整肃明确了民族之体的完备性。"法兰西民族"逐渐作为整全唯一的政治体概念,形塑近代外交与国际法中的主权国家话语。在其背后,"历史书写"追溯了民族身份的"同一性"记忆,"政治意愿"强化了外部御敌与内部团结的"统一性"意识。1789年的大革命继承了这种统一的"法兰西民族"叙事,议会论辩既阐发了"民族取代国王"的现代主权法则,又确立了人民之间"政治意愿"的合法性。"法兰西民族是一个"既是革命论辩的核心,也是政治生活的共识。它构成了此后民族主义的基础,不仅塑造了现代民族国家的修辞方式与话语结构,还影响到了20世纪的中国政治与社会。     

评哈贝马斯对全球化政治的思考

哈贝马斯的学术生涯从一开始 ,就有着强烈的政治兴趣和政治倾向。然而 ,哈贝马斯最近十几年的政治哲学不再是要论证西方政治制度的“合法性危机” ,而是要论证它的正当性。简单说来 ,就是西方的政治体制是建立在具有普遍主义性质的共和主义 (法治国家 )和人权与民主的基本原则上 ,因而具有超历史、超民族、超地域的普遍性 ,这种先验的普遍性是它合法性的根本保证。哈贝马斯的全部理论 ,正是建立在普遍主义的原则上。要证明他普遍主义的政治哲学 ,必须证明人类历史发展的普遍性。这就使得民族国家消亡的思想成为他近年政治哲学思考的一个重点…     

“中华民族”主体性建构——以如何吸收传统的神性资源为论说中心

<正>"民族"在人类历史上存在了几千年,但至今学界对"民族"一词仍没有一个确切的定义。就"中华"语境而言,从时间与属性来看,"汉族"、"华夏"、"炎黄子孙"、"少数民族"等称谓都非现代性的民族用语,唯一能进人世界语境的是"中华民族"一词。"中华民族",是近代以来在外来民族的压迫和现代国家独立与发展的过程中,产生的一种政治共同体意识。时下,无论是在日常生活中,还是在政治生活中,乃至学界     

赤裸生命、例外状态与命运共同体——论阿甘本生命政治的困境及其解决

阿甘本以赤裸生命和例外状态为核心概念,建构了其生命政治哲学。阿甘本认为,现代政治的重要特征是,人的生命被政治化,人变成了神圣人,人的生命变成了赤裸生命。而这种赤裸生命所存身的空间就是例外状态,例外状态是现代政治治理的典范,而例外状态又以集中营为其典范。阿甘本的现代生命政治理论是对极权主义和现代政治的批判,它揭示了现代生命政治的困境,并试图用形式生命和共同体的建构来解决这一困境。面对阿甘本所提出的现代政治的困局,只有从人类命运共同体的视角,打破国家之间、民族之间和人与人之间的壁垒,才是彻底解决生命政治提出的困局之路,也是通向人类社会发展的未来的共产主义社会即自由人的联合体的共同体的必经之路。     

徐复观与儒家的政治哲学

作为现代新儒家的徐复观,其对传统儒家思想的独特贡献之一,就在于他细致而又令人信服地阐述了儒家政治哲学思想中与现代民主政治思想、法治思想相通之处。他认定孔子“创发了中国的自由社会”,孟子开启了“民主政治原则之端绪”,荀子发展了孔子的思想却蕴含了专制之倾向,陆象山提出“尊重人格之尊严”,实为现代民主政治奠定了思想基础。徐复观看到了儒家思想对现代民主政治的补充意义,却忽视了两者之间的根本不同。     

对中国民族主义政治伦理的多维检视

自鸦片战争开始,近现代意义上的中国民族主义政治伦理开始萌芽和生成,在其后的发展历程中先后经历了四次转变.中国近现代民族主义政治伦理具有两大突出特征:一是救亡道德与启蒙道德的同时并举;二是改良道德与革命道德的交替进行.中国近现代民族主义政治伦理既具有优秀成分,也具有消极意叉.深刻认识中华民族生存和发展所长期面临的各种威胁,建立起强有力的中央权威政治体制;重新选择和配置各种现代性公共政治伦理元素,走出现代化与民族主义政治伦理冲突的传统困境;正确处理中国国内民族问题,避免因民族冲突引发社会动乱,是中国民族主义政治伦理当代转型的基本路径.     

论坛荟萃

杨岚钱穆论中国文化的出路钱穆是现代著名的史学家、教育家、文化学家。他认为国家和民族的命运系于文化的命运，振兴中国文化是中国唯一的出路。钱穆认为中国的出路在于“国家民族内部自身一种新生命力的发舒与成长。”在他看来，国家民族的生命在于其文化，因此，救国保...     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.